Be Aware of the Supreme DEMAGOGUE, the VIKASH PURUSH named ND Tiawri

Be Aware of the Supreme DEMAGOGUE, the VIKASH PURUSH named ND Tiawri

 

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time- Two Hundred Seventy THREE

 

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

1. Narain Dutt Tiwari Youtube Video - N.D. Tiwari Sex Scandal | B4tea.com

   26 Dec 2009 ... Narain Dutt Tiwari Youtube Video - ND Tiwari resigned after Sex Scandal Narayan Dutt Tiwari, the governor of Andhra Pradesh resigned from ...
   b4tea.com/news/narain-dutt-tiwari...nd-tiwari.../comment-page-1 - Cached -

2. N D Tiwari on 'sex tapes': I apologise, but I've done no wrong ...

   28 Dec 2009 ... DEHRADUN: Former Andhra Pradesh Governor N D Tiwari, who quit in disgrace after allegations of his involvement in a sex romp, ...
   timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/N...Tiwari.../5389005.cms - Cached -

3. N D Tiwari denies role in sleaze tape - India - The Times of India

   26 Dec 2009 ... It played visuals of an old man purported to be the former Union finance minister and current Andhra Pradesh governor, N D Tiwari, ...
   timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/N-D-Tiwari.../5379289.cms - Cached -

   Show more results from timesofindia.indiatimes.com

4. ND Tiwari Sex Scandal Video | ND Tiwari Case | Abn Andhra Jyothi ...

   25 Dec 2009 ... Governor of Andhra Pradesh Narayan Dutt Tiwari (ND Tiwari) Scandal was rumored today in India.ABN Andhra Jyothi "Telugu News Channel" expose ...
   ready2beat.com/.../nd-tiwari-sex-scandal-video-nd-tiwari-case-abn-andhra-jyothi-live-tv - United States - Cached -

5. Nd Tiwari Scandal

   ND Tiwari Scandal, 85 year seriously old sitting Governor caught with three young hot girl, ND Tiwari sex pictures with immediate effects. ND Tiwari Scandal ...
   www.shnock.com/nd-tiwari-scandal-8343/ - Cached -

6. WATCH ND TIWARI MMS SCANDEL PART I VIDEO | ND TIWARI MMS SCANDEL ...

   29 Dec 2009 ... nd tiwari youtube, tiwari, tiwari youtube, narayan dutt tiwari, nd tawari, ABN-Andhra Jyoti, ABN-Andhra Jyoti news channel, Andhra Jyoti, ...
   a2zindianews.com/.../watch-nd-tiwari-mms-scandel-part-i-video-nd-tiwari-mms-scandel-nd-tiwari-hot-videos/ - Cached -

7. AP Governor N D Tiwari caught in a sex scandal, ABN Andhra Jyothi ...

   25 Dec 2009 ... The first citizen of Andhra Pradesh, governor and veteran congress leader, 85 years old Nd Tiwari has been caught into a major sleazy sex ...
   www.panasianbiz.com/.../ap-governor-n-d-tiwari-caught-in-a-sex-scandal-abn-andhra-jyothi-news-channel-video/ - Cached -

8. ND Tiwari sex scandal

   25 Dec 2009 ... ND TIWARI must be kicked out of Andhra Pradesh but not before he's being ... It's believed that AP Governor ND TIWARI shared an intimate ...
   mixxnews.com/nd-tiwari-sex-scandal-8763.htm - Cached -

9. ND Tiwari's Bedroom Stories exposed to media
   	10 min - 24 Dec 2009 - ABN andhrajyothi News_251209_10am www.youtube.com/watch?v=OegTOBNK1fs - Related videos -

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all 77 news articles » Email this story ND Tiwari alleges conspiracy behind sex scandal IBNLive.com - ‎Dec 29, 2009‎ ND Tiwari, the former Andhra Pradesh governor who resigned from his post because of a sex scandal says he won't retire from politics. Tiwari may be one of ... Sex, news and videotape Daily News & Analysis all 27 news articles » Email this story Hard men for tough jobs India Today - Prabhu Chawla - ‎10 hours ago‎ When the Telangana strife began, the centre showed the door to ND Tiwari and asked ESL Narasimhan, then governor of Chhattisgarh, to hold concurrent charge ... Tiwarific opportunity: Stand up and be counted Times of India - Chidanand Rajghatta - ‎Jan 22, 2010‎ Several of her American patients coming in lately with greater gusto than normal are peppering her with questions about a certain ND Tiwari from India, ... ND Tiwari claims to be victim of language politics DailyIndia.com - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎ Dehradun, Dec 30: Former Andhra Pradesh Governor Narayan Dutt Tiwari, who had to resign after his name figured in an alleged sex scandal, has said that he ... Tiwari's Congress membership status to be known till Thursday Economic Times Cong wants Tiwari to take voluntary retirement Business Standard Tiwari isn't retiring yet, will take legal action on telecast Indian Express MyNews.in - Expressindia.com all 1,059 news articles » Email this story Police seek legal opinion on complaint against ND Tiwari Economic Times - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎ HYDERABAD: The Andhra Pradesh Police is seeking legal opinion on complaints filed against former state governor ND Tiwari in connection with an alleged sex ... Daily News & Analysis ND Tiwari's OSD involved in Sex Scandal, says Raj Bhavan CSO BreakingNewsOnline. - ‎Dec 31, 2009‎ ND Tiwari's OSD, Aryendra Sharma is under scanner for his alleged involvement in the sex scandal. He had reportedly instructed all check posts at the gates ... Video: Tiwari calls sex tapes 'fake' NDTV.com all 30 news articles » Email this story Oneindia Narasimhan sworn in Governor Express Buzz - ‎Jan 22, 2010‎ ... was given the additional charge of Andhra Pradesh following the resignation of ND Tiwari fter his name figured in a sex scandal. ... AP: ESL Narasimhan sworn-in as full-time governor Oneindia Narasimhan sworn in as Andhra Pradesh governor Little About (blog) Governors of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab sworn in MyNews.in Thaindian.com all 32 news articles » Email this story escapades of ND Tiwari Express Buzz - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎ HYDERABAD: Disgraced Narayan Dutt Tiwari's ''sleazy night outs'' in the city date back to the 80s, a good quarter of a century before he landed in the Raj ... Acceptable if in public interest Times of India - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎ The shaming of former Andhra Pradesh governor ND Tiwari has once again raised questions regarding the use of sting operations as a tool of investigative ... Stay up to date on these results: Create an email alert for ND Tiwari Add a news gadget for ND Tiwari to your Google homepage Search blogs for ND Tiwari

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Be Aware of the Supreme DEMAGOGUE, the VIKASH PURUSH named ND Tiawri! "one who will preach doctrines he knows to be untrue to men he knows to be idiots." I have been seeing the Man acomplishing this Pramatic Politician Agenda uptothe Highest Level of Indian Polity since my Childhood. He camped at my Home in Basantipur while my Father ; his supporters and our Villagers were up against himin the General election. The Man unmoved continued his Electioneering right from there and as a child I had to interatc him on Civics, History and language.He was DEFEATED but won the Heratsand Minds of the SC Bengali as well as Sikh Refugees who became a SOLID STABLE Vote Bank in Nainital to hoist him as National Flag! He projected himself as a Man of Develpment and worked for Big Farmers,Capitalists and Land Mafia. He always spoke passionately for the Refugees, Underclasses, Tribals and downtrodeen and kept them DEPRESSED to ensure they should not get anyReservation or Previlege lest he as well as another Brahamin from Nainital KC Pant would have lost at HOME.

As a Demagogue ND Tiwari may only be Compared with Bengali Brahamins as he himself remains Brahamin with typical Brahaminical Characteristics! As the Benagli Brahmins evoking Indian as well as Bangla Nationality all the way did Never hesitate to Partition India and . They do feel Proud speaking aloud Joy Bangla but did everything to destroy SC and OBC Bengali population to adjust Demography for State power. Not only this, the Foreign Origin Bengali Brahamins threw out the Black Untouchables out of Bengal and those who managed to stay back , they have been reduced as Sub Human. ND Tiwari did everything for personal political gain and entertainment as the Socialist Oxides and Gandhian carbides do enjoy in every condition always quoting Ideology in High Pitched Tone, but ENSURED that his Vote Bank Remains Intact. Tiwari had been assuring our people in Uttar Pradesh as well as in Uttarakhand that they would get SC status. In fact the Rai Sikhs got OBC status very recently. But despite being the Chief Minister of Uttarpradesh and Uttarakhand so many Time, the Bengali Refugees Never got Tiwari`s favour. Tiwari gave aways MP and MLA tickets to Big Farmers but he did Never chose either Bengali or Sikh refugee as his Choice. My father Pulin babu and the Sikh Refugee Leader late Sardar Bhagat singh had been consistently most Close to Tiwari and were the architects of his elegant career but Tiwari betrayed both of them every time. Constituting SIDCULE, Tiwari roped in BIg capitalists in Uttarakhand but his own people, the Hill Population do roam in Wildness and depend on MO Economy even today. Bahuguna and Tiwari, Murali Manohar Joshi and Govind Ballabh Pant, KC pant and CB Gupta, every one belonged to Uttarakhand but the Himalayas remained a Geopolitics of Exploitation, Tourism and Recruitment in Army, a Bazaar for Domestic servants despite their National stature. It may be Compared with the Ideological Hypocrisy of the Marxist Bengali Brahmans.In Nut Shell, like the Bengali Brahmans, the Uttarakhandi Brahmans also DESPISE SC, ST, OBC and Minorities and always cheated them with beautiful dreams. This is the asset of the DEMAGOGUE.

Thus, West bengal Brahamin Marxists as well as CONG affiliated Brahamins wanted Tiwari as the new  Governor of West Bengal. It had not to be just because of the latest Sex Scandal soiling the game.Tiwari is a Lawyer from Lucknow University and entered politics defeating Freedom Fighter Shyam Lal Verma, then a living Legend, from Lucknow Assembly seat in 1952. As the Bengali and Sikh Refugees were in great distress in Fifties, Tiwari did everything to make the Refugees his SOLID Mobile vote Bank. Tiwari was a socialist and won his first election as PSP candidate but it was Never late that he forgot Acharya Narendra dev and Ram Manohar Lohia as he shifted in Congress and elevated himself as the President of All India Youth Congress wherefrom his colorful Political career Blossomed. Because the Refugees had no ALTERNATIVE but to depend on the Demagogue , they remained his Unique Vote Bank till this Tiwari as well as Pant had Never been reputed in Hills as they Never cared for the Himalayan Region and could mobilise their Vote bank in the Terai.

But it is only a Demagogue like ND Tiwari, most Die hard, who may dare to try for another Come back as he is the Most Potential Leader who may Mobilise the Masses most Emotionally without evoking Ethnonationalism! He had always been Successful. For him, me and my Father remained Polarised in opposite Directions as I had been physically and emotionally was associated with the Himalayas and the Himalayan people. I could see his game Plan. But our people, the Bengali as well as Sikh Refugees in the Terai had no Option as Survival strategy. Sikhs rather had their Gurdwara where they could consolidate as a nationality and could get support from Punjab, but our people had to struggle INDIVIDUALLY as Bengalies being Hindu had been divided in caste and clan, religion, and they could not deal with Partition Holocaust. Despite more Bloodshed, the Punjabis and Sikhs could Stand up once again as their Community was behind them. But we were destroyed by the Bengalies as the Brhamins took over Bengal and we had to be killed. ND Tiwari emerged as Saviour for these People. Thus, he dares to COME Back once again!

 

dem⋅a⋅gogue

  /ˈdɛməˌgɒg, -ˌgɔg/ Show Spelled Pronunciation [dem-uh-gog, -gawg] Show IPA noun, verb, -gogued, -gogu⋅ing.

Use demagogue in a Sentence

See images of demagogue

Search demagogue on the Web

–noun

1.	a person, esp. an orator or political leader, who gains power and popularity by arousing the emotions, passions, and prejudices of the people.

2.	(in ancient times) a leader of the people.

–verb (used with object)

3.	to treat or manipulate (a political issue) in the manner of a demagogue; obscure or distort with emotionalism, prejudice, etc.

–verb (used without object)

4.	to speak or act like a demagogue.

Also, dem⋅a⋅gog.

---

Origin:
1640–50; < Gk dēmagōgós a leader of the people, popular leader, equiv. to dêm(os) people + agōgós leading, guiding; see -agogue

 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/demagogue

 

 

Demagogy

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Demagogy (also demagoguery) (Ancient Greek δημαγωγία, from δῆμος dēmos "people" and ἄγειν agein "to lead") is a strategy for gaining political power by appealing to the prejudices, emotions, fears and expectations of the public—typically via impassioned rhetoric and propaganda, and often using nationalist, populist or religious themes. Since its probable first use as a term by Aristophanes in his satire against the demagogue Cleon, the parameters of what is and is not demagogy are subject to considerable debate and ambiguity.^[1]

Contents [hide] 1 Uses and definitions 2 History and examples 3 Some famous demagogues 4 See also 5 References 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Uses and definitions

The early 20th century American social critic and humorist H. L. Mencken, known for his "definitions" of terms, defined a demagogue as "one who will preach doctrines he knows to be untrue to men he knows to be idiots."

As George Bernard Shaw said:

But though there is no difference in this respect between the best demagogue and the worst, both of them having to present their cases equally in terms of melodrama, there is all the difference in the world between the statesman who is humbugging the people into allowing him to do the will of God, in whatever disguise it may come to him, and one who is humbugging them into furthering his personal ambition and the commercial interests of the plutocrats who own the newspapers and support him on reciprocal terms.

Max Weber:

Political leadership in the form of the free 'demagogue' who grew from the soil of the city state is of greater concern to us; like the city state, the demagogue is peculiar to the Occident and especially to Mediterranean culture. Furthermore, political leadership in the form of the parliamentary 'party leader' has grown on the soil of the constitutional state, which is also indigenous only to the Occident.

Though this definition emphasizes the use of lying and falsehoods, skilled demagogues often need to use only special emphasis by which an uncritical listener will be led to draw the desired conclusion themselves. Moreover, a demagogue may well believe his or her own arguments (for example, there are good reasons to assume that Adolf Hitler--certainly one of the most successful demagogues in history—sincerely believed his own anti-Jewish diatribes).

[edit] History and examples

The leaders of the Athenian democracy were called Demagogues who learned their rhetoric and law from the Sophists. Plato reacted against this reality:

These impractical [political] schemes reflect at once Plato's discontent with the demagogy then prevalent in Athens and in his personal predilection for the aristocratic form of government^[2]

In the 19th Century, political reactionaries branded their opponents as demagogues and directed numerous reprisals and censorship against them. Representatives of the German Confederation of German-national and liberal groups were accused of Demagogenverfolgung, subversion, and sedition. After the July Revolution of 1830, the measures against the "demagogic machinations" were renewed, and especially, Fritz Reuter.

A famous usage was by the aging Erich Ludendorff, who was for a time a strong supporter of the early rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany. After learning of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, he expressed his disappointment to German President Paul von Hindenburg:^[3][4] "By appointing Hitler Chancellor of the Reich, you have handed over our sacred German Fatherland to one of the greatest demagogues of all time. I prophesy to you this evil man will plunge our Reich into the abyss and will inflict immeasurable woe on our nation. Future generations will curse you in your grave for this action."

Hitler indeed would become regarded as perhaps the epitome of a demagogue, having successfully risen to power through appeals to the ethnic and nationalistic prejudices and vanities of the German people.

[edit] Some famous demagogues

Alcibiades: Convinced the people of Athens to attempt to conquer Sicily during the Peloponnesian War, with disastrous results. He led the Athenian assembly to support making him commander by claiming victory would come easily, appealing to Athenian vanity, and appealing to action and courage over deliberation.

Cleon: Another leader of Athens, criticized by Thucydides for anti-intellectualism and for such rhetorical devices as accusing his political opponents of having been bribed and appealing to savage desires such as aggression.

Adolf Hitler: Led the Nazi party to power in Germany by appeals to ethnic pride and conspiracy theories that blamed Jews for the nation's economic troubles. He instituted government control over the news media, and used his charisma and great oratorical skills to lead Germany into a war aimed at expanding its territory.

Joseph McCarthy: U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 to 1957. A poor orator,^[1] he rose to national prominence during the early 1950's by accusing a number of politicians and other individuals of being either communists or communist sympathizers. He presented himself as being above reproach while anyone who questioned or disagreed with him he branded as disloyal to the US government. Ultimately his inability to substantiate his claims led him to be censured by the United States Senate in 1954 and a loss of popular support.

[edit] See also

• Big Lie
• Daisy Girl
• Fear mongering
• Pathos
• Polemics
• Populism
• Social dominance orientation

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} Carpenter, P.M. (2004-10-18). "What Qualifies as Demagoguery?". http://hnn.us/articles/7603.html. Retrieved 2009-08-03. 
2. ^ "Plato and Platonism", Catholic Encyclopedia
3. ^ The Rise of Hitler - Jan. 30, 1933 Hitler Named Chancellor of Germany
4. ^ The Rise - Das Dritte Reich - ThinkQuest 2004 - Team Revelation

This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia.

[edit] References

• B. Katzenelenbaum, "Demagogiya – opyt klassifikacii", Nauka i zhizn 9 (1989); Наука и техника - электронная библиотека (Russian), accessed July 10, 2006.
• S. Alinsky, "Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals" (1971) Random House, ISBN 0-394-44341-1, Vintage books paperback: ISBN 0-679-72113-4

[edit] External links

• C. Chalquist, "Demagogy Checklist", Terrapsych.com - serving the animate presence of place
• P.M. Carpenter, "What Qualifies as Demagoguery?, History News Network
• "DEMAGOGY AND DEMOCRATIC LOYALTY INSTEAD OF OLIGOGY AND CONSTITUTIONAL PATRIOTISM.", Selected Works, ANTONI ABAD I NINET1

Look up demagogy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagogy"

Categories: Linguistics | Propaganda techniques

Hidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek language text

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ND Tiwari on 'sex tapes': I apologise, but I've done no wrong

Times of India - ‎Dec 28, 2009‎

DEHRADUN: Former Andhra Pradesh Governor ND Tiwari, who quit in disgrace after allegations of his involvement in a sex romp, on Monday broke his silence by ...

Video: Tiwari defends himself, blames Telangana NDTV.com

ND Tiwari Apologized But Said That he Was Not Involved in Any of The Issues Daily Latest News (blog)

ND Tiwari claims to be victim of language politics DailyIndia.com

Business Standard - Indian Express

all 1,059 news articles »

Email this story

Paternity suit against ND Tiwari to be heard tomorrow in Delhi HC

Daily News & Analysis - ‎Jan 7, 2010‎

PTI New Delhi: A paternity suit filed by a youth claiming to be a biological son of veteran politician and former Andhra Pradesh governor ND Tiwari will be ...

Delhi HC issues notice to ND Tiwari on Paternity Suit BreakingNewsOnline.

HC notice to Tiwari over paternity suit Times of India

Paternity case: Delhi HC issues notice to Tiwari Indian Express

india-server.com - Press Trust of India

all 77 news articles »

Email this story

Tiwarific opportunity: Stand up and be counted

Times of India - Chidanand Rajghatta - ‎Jan 22, 2010‎

Several of her American patients coming in lately with greater gusto than normal are peppering her with questions about a certain ND Tiwari from India, ...

Foreign Policy (blog)

ND Tiwari alleges conspiracy behind sex scandal

IBNLive.com - ‎Dec 29, 2009‎

ND Tiwari, the former Andhra Pradesh governor who resigned from his post because of a sex scandal says he won't retire from politics. Tiwari may be one of ...

Sex Wars: ND Tiwari beats Tiger Woods in Google India.com

Narayan Dutt Tiwari: Scandal forces him to resign Merinews

Sex, news and videotape Daily News & Analysis

Manolith

all 27 news articles »

GOOG

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Oneindia

Narasimhan sworn in Governor

Express Buzz - ‎Jan 22, 2010‎

... was given the additional charge of Andhra Pradesh following the resignation of ND Tiwari fter his name figured in a sex scandal. ...

AP: ESL Narasimhan sworn-in as full-time governor Oneindia

Governors of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab sworn in MyNews.in

Narasimhan sworn in as Andhra Pradesh governor TwoCircles.net

all 32 news articles »

Email this story

Police seek legal opinion on complaint against ND Tiwari

Economic Times - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎

HYDERABAD: The Andhra Pradesh Police is seeking legal opinion on complaints filed against former state governor ND Tiwari in connection with an alleged sex ...

Daily News & Analysis

ND Tiwari's OSD involved in Sex Scandal, says Raj Bhavan CSO

BreakingNewsOnline. - ‎Dec 31, 2009‎

ND Tiwari's OSD, Aryendra Sharma is under scanner for his alleged involvement in the sex scandal. He had reportedly instructed all check posts at the gates ...

Video: Tiwari calls sex tapes 'fake' NDTV.com

all 30 news articles »

Email this story

escapades of ND Tiwari

Express Buzz - ‎Dec 30, 2009‎

HYDERABAD: Disgraced Narayan Dutt Tiwari's ''sleazy night outs'' in the city date back to the 80s, a good quarter of a century before he landed in the Raj ...

Ramu's real verdict on Indian Media

India-Forums.com - ‎Jan 23, 2010‎

Take for example the ND Tiwari case. The news just said, this elderly politician has been 'caught in the act'. Later, I got to read in a Vir Sanghvi column ...

Ex-Guv Tiwari invites wrath of pro-Telangana leaders

Press Trust of India - ‎Dec 29, 2009‎

Hyderabad, Dec 29 (PTI) Congress leader's from Telangana region today refuted former Andhra Pradesh governor ND Tiwari's comments that protagonists of ...

Video: Maoists taking interest in Telangana crisis NewsX

President rule not new for Andhra Pradesh... Delhi Globe

Telangana denting Brand Hyderabad India Today

all 804 news articles »

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Tiwari isn't retiring yet, will take legal action on telecast

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Virendra Nath Bhatt Tags : N D Tiwari, sex scandal, legal action, telecast Posted: Thursday , Dec 31, 2009 at 0424 hrs Lucknow:

N D Tiwari said he had resigned as Andhra Pradesh Governor on health grounds.

 

Former Andhra Pradesh Governor N D Tiwari, who had to resign after his alleged involvement in a sex scandal, has said that he will remain active in politics and will seek legal recourse against the TV channel which had shown the video clip defaming him. "Vicharon ki rajniti mein thaa aur rahungaa," said Tiwari, when contacted on the phone in Dehradun on Wednesday. He claimed to be the victim of a conspiracy, but did not say who was behind it. "Mujhe filmi tarike se phansa diya, where one picture was imposed on another," he said. Tiwari, who is a four-term UP CM and once of Uttarakhand, said, "I am innocent. I will fight back legally and politically to clear my name in my lifetime."

He will meet Congress president Sonia Gandhi soon to explain his position.

Tiwari said he had resigned as Andhra Pradesh Governor on health grounds. "Andhra Pradesh is a large state where a number of people and delegations used to come to see me daily. It was physically not possible for a person of 86 years of age to discharge the duties of the governor of that state where the agitation for the creation of Telangana had added to the workload," he said.

 

Aryendra Sharma, OSD to Tiwari in the Raj Bhawan, said: "He has been the victim of a conspiracy and he is aware of the forces behind the plot. It is a matter of time before they get exposed." Sharma said the so-called sex tapes were fake and the technique to make such tapes is available. "Scandals about Tiwari started being thrown about only after he became the Governor. First, it was the paternity suit and now this. Surely, there's someone who wanted him out of the Raj Bhawan," he added.

... contd.

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View all Comments (15) |

ND TiwariBy: kamal | 02-Jan-2010 Reply | Forward having sex is no problem but having on the pretext of providing employment is almost as good as rape,but most of the media is busy selectively trying Rathore because he sis a retired official whereas nd will come back again through backdoor and can do some favours to media or maybe he already paid them to keep quiet.in fact an FIR should be logded against Tiwari nd he should be arrested and interrogated as is the way of the law of the land.

Where is the media now?By: Ajay | 31-Dec-2009 Reply | Forward Why did ND tiwari resign on health ground, after the tapes were aired, or his health was affected due to the tapes?, now no news channel has said anything against ND Tiwari, just because he is congress. I remember a case wherein a person related to Sangh Parivar was named in Sex Scandal, the media was carrying this news like Mad, hell lot of breaking news. The media in India really has selective Amnesia

ND Tiwari has not committed a crime!!!!!!By: Parth | 31-Dec-2009 Reply | Forward I do not understand why to make a fuss of this issue. As mentioned by others as well, having sex is not a crime. He was not molesting anyone or doing any crime. We should focus more on positive journalism and not such cheap news channels. News channel showing pictures to everyone is the real criminal in this case. How the hell you show someone's such pictures on a news channel. As long as ND tiwari or anyone else is honest and sincere to his duties, we should not be questioning their position on basis of their personel life. Moreover even Supreme Court has suggested to make prostitution legalized in india, then what the hell was wrong in what ND Tiwari did. Let us raise our thinking levels and focus on what really needs to be done to take our country ahead.

Callback N D Tiwariji By: NVSN Murthy, Scientist | 31-Dec-2009 Reply | Forward Callback ND Tiwariji: The decision taken by centre is hasty and incorrect. Moreover, centre has sent wrong signals to the world that sex is a crime on the Indian soil. In this connection centre must realize a fact that %u2013 eating, sleeping and mating are the biological needs of human beings and therefore, Tiwariji is at no fault of any kind since he has not done anything beyond. Moreover, by any law of any land on earth, sex is neither a crime nor violence unlike rape. If at all sex is a crime, then everyone on earth is a criminal. If at all Tiwariji is involved in sex, then he must be fulfilling his biological needs, essential to stay fit, like any other person on earth. We must also realize that no one on earth can function normally without fulfilling biological needs. Hence, the centre must apologize Tiwariji and he should be reinstalled as AP Governor. Lastly, instead of catching criminals we are catching those involved in fulfilling their bilogical needs.

TiwariBy: Indi | 31-Dec-2009 Reply | Forward Tiwari need not worry. He will be protected just like Quatrocchi as long as he is loyal to fake gandhis.

 

http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Tiwari-isn-t-retiring-yet--will-take-legal-action-on-telecast/561738

Narayan Dutt Tiwari

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Narayan Dutt Tiwari
Governor of Andhra Pradesh
In office 22 August 2007 - 26 December 2009
Preceded by	Rameshwar Thakur
Succeeded by	E. S. L. Narasimhan
External Affairs Minister
In office 1986-1987
Preceded by	P Shiv Shankar
Succeeded by	Rajiv Gandhi
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
In office 1976 - 1977, 1984 - 1985, 1988 - 1989
Chief Minister of Uttarakhand
In office 2002–2007
Born	October 18, 1925 (1925-10-18) (age 84) Baluti, Nainital district, Uttarkhand
Political party	Indian National Congress
Residence	Hyderabad

Narayan Dutt Tiwari (born 18 October 1925) is an Indian political figure. He was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh three times during the 1970s and 1980s and was Chief Minister of Uttarkhand from 2002 to 2007. A member of the Indian National Congress, he subsequently served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 2007 until 2009, when he resigned following a sex scandal.

Contents [hide] 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2.1 Early Career 2.2 Later positions 2.3 Governor appointment 2.4 Sex Scandal 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Early life and education

Narayan Dutt Tiwari was born in 1925, in village Baluti, Nainital district. His father Poornanand Tiwari was an official in the forest department, and who later resigned and joined the Non-cooperation movement ^[1][2]. Tiwari received his education at various schools including, M.B. School, Haldwani, E.M. High School, Bareilly and C.R.S.T. High School, Nainital. ^[3]

His initiation into politics came early, when during the Indian Independence movement, he was arrested on December 14, 1942 for writing Anti-British leaflets opposing imperialist policies, and sent to Nainital jail , where his father was already lodged. ^[4]

Upon his release 15 months in 1944, he joined Allahabad University, where he topped the University in M.A. (Political Science), he continued his education doing LLB from the same university, and elected as the President of the Students' Union of the Allahabad University in 1947. Meanwhile he was remained Secretary, All India Students Congress, 1945-49 ^[5][3].

[edit] Career

[edit] Early Career

In the first election in Uttar Pradesh after the independence for the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly held in 1952, he was elected from Nanital constituency and became an MLA for the first time on Praja Samajwadi Party ticket. In 1957, he was elected from the Nainital legislative constituency, and became the leader of Opposition in the Assembly. He was married to Dr. Sushila Sanwal in the year 1954.

In 1963, he joined the Indian National Congress, and was elected M.L.A. from the Kashipur,_Uttarakhand constituency in 1965, in the same year he was appointed a minister in the Government of Uttar Pradesh. After that he also remained Minister for Finance and Parliamentary Affairs in the Chaudhary Charan Singh Government (1979-1980). In 1968, he established Jawaharlal Nehru National Youth Centre (JNNYC) is a voluntary Organisation. He remained the first President of Indian Youth Congress from 1969 to 1971.

[edit] Later positions

N.D. Tiwari was the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh three times: from January 1976 to April 1977, from August 1984 to September 1985 and from June 1988 to December 1988. He did a lot of work in developing the road and bridge network of U.P. - the network expanded significantly. He was elected to 7th Lok Sabha in 1980, and served as a union minister in several portfolios in the 1980s: starting with Planning, and also remained Dpt. Chairman, Planning Commission. Thereafter he became a member of Rajya Sabha 1985-1988, during this period he also remained the Minister of Industries in September 1985 and in addition to that portfolio, became minister of Petroleum in 1986. He then served as India's External Affairs Minister from October 1986 until July 1987, at which point he became Minister of Finance and Commerce,^[3][6] serving in that position until June 1988, when he became chief minister of Uttar Pradesh for the third time.

He was a contender to be Prime Minister of India in the early 1990s but was beaten by the late Narasimha Rao ^[7]. One of the key reasons was that he lost the Lok Sabha elections by a mere 800 votes. In 1994, he resigned from Congress and formed his own All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) along with senior Congress leader, Arjun Singh in 1995, but joined back when Sonia Gandhi came at the helm of affairs of the party two years later, and after a devastating defeat of the party under Narasimha Rao during the general elections in 1996. Tiwari was elected to the 11th Lok Sabha in 1996, and again to the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999.

He later served as the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, which was carved out of Uttar Pradesh, from 2002 through 2007. He offered to resign on 5 March 2006, citing his age. He left office in March 2007 following setbacks for his party in the state elections.

[edit] Governor appointment

Narayan Dutt Tiwari was appointed as Governor of Andhra Pradesh on 19 August 2007 and was sworn in on 22 August.^[8] He resigned as the Governor on 26 December 2009, citing "health grounds."^[9] His departure followed a sex scandal that began with the broadcast by Telugu language cable news channel ABN Andhra Jyothi of a video that allegedly showed Tiwari in bed with three women at his official residence in the Raj Bhavan.^[10] A police complaint was filed against Tiwari for "sexually abusing girls, blackmail and misuse of office" and the Raj Bhavan staff are being interrogated by police about details related to the scandal, alleged to be the result of the fallout of a mining deal.^[11] Tiwari publicly apologized, but claimed that he was being "framed" by "a political conspiracy."^[12] On 27 December 2009, Ekkadu Srinivasan Lakshmi Narasimhan was appointed to discharge the duties of governor for the region until regular arrangements for the office are made.^[13]

[edit] Sex Scandal

On Friday, Dec 25, 2009 a Hyderabad based TV channel named ABN Andhra Jyothi News aired three-and-a-half-minute video clipping showing Mr. Tiwari with three young women in bed. This news created much uproar in media and clipping immediately appeared on YouTube and various other places on internet. The video is quite graphic which showed a old man kissing and performing sex acts with women. The video was released only a month after a court rejected a paternity suit against Mr Tiwari, from a man claiming to be son of Mr. Tiwari who is alleged to have had an extramarital affair. The news channel also said that a woman called Radhika arranged the sting after Mr Tiwari promised her a lucrative mining contract in return for arranging regular liaisons for him with women — but then reneged on his side of the deal. On Friday a court issued an injunction to stop the television station ABN Andhra Jyothi News from continuing to broadcast the video but it has became one of the most popular clips on YouTube.

Mr. Tiwari resigned two days later on grounds of weak health. He denied all the charges. He accused that tapes are fake and blamed some politicians to divert attention from recent Telangana crisis. Later he accused that it was language bias against him.

The managing director of ABN Andhra Jyothi Mr. Vemuri Radhakrishna when told about allegations that the tapes were doctored, told TOI: " Neither the news story nor the tapes are fabricated. Neither is it for sensation mongering." He added: "Offices like that of the Governor are exemplary and it's sickening to see a person holding such a high office behave in such a manner... I am prepared to face any conseqences. We are trying to get the court stay vacated."

[edit] References

1. ^ History of Uttaranchal, by Umachand Handa. Published by Indus Publishing, 2002. ISBN 8173871345. Page 210.
2. ^ Narayan Dutt Tiwari profiles.incredible-people.com.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Biographical Sketch Governor of Andhra Pradesh, website.
4. ^ Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers, by Uttar Pradesh (India). Published by Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, 1959. pp 64.
5. ^ Narayan Dutt Tiwari Biography President of India website.
6. ^ Biography at garhwalhimalayas.com.
7. ^ The second-most-popular candidate is Narayan Dutt Tiwari... New York Times, May 26, 1991.
8. ^ "Tiwari sworn in as Andhra Governor" PTI (The Hindu), August 22, 2007.
9. ^ S. Nagesh Kumar (2009-12-27). "Tiwari quits in the wake of TV exposé". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/27/stories/2009122757990100.htm. 
10. ^ K.V. Ramana (2009-12-26). "86-yr-old Andhra governor targeted in sleaze CDs". DNA India. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_86-yr-old-andhra-governor-targeted-in-sleaze-cds_1327605. 
11. ^ G.S. Radhakrishna (2009-12-27). "Misuse case against Tiwari". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091228/jsp/nation/story_11915491.jsp. 
12. ^ "N D Tiwari on 'sex tapes': I apologise, but I've done no wrong". The Times of India. 2009-12-28. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/N-D-Tiwari-on-sex-tapes-I-apologise-but-Ive-done-no-wrong/articleshow/5389005.cms. 
13. ^ "Sex sting fallout: Chhattisgarh governor gets additional charge of Andhra". The Times of India. 2009-12-27. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sex-sting-fallout-Chhattisgarh-governor-gets-additional-charge-of-Andhra-/articleshow/5384357.cms. 

[edit] External links

• [1]
• reuters
• Indian-politician-resigns-over-video-showing-him-in-bed-with-three-women
• ndtiwari.com

Political offices
Preceded by President's Rule Administered by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Dr M C Reddy title/post previously held by- Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna	Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 21 January 1976 – 30 April 1977	Succeeded by President's Rule Administered by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Dr M C Reddy title/post subsequently held by- Ram Naresh Yadav
Preceded by Sripati Mishra	Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 03 August 1984 – 24 September 1985	Succeeded by Bir Bahadur Singh
Preceded by P Shiv Shankar	Minister for External Affairs of India 1986 – 1987	Succeeded by Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by Bir Bahadur Singh	Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 25 June 1988 – 5 December 1989	Succeeded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Preceded by Bhagat Singh Koshiyari	Chief Minister of Uttarakhand 2002 – 2007	Succeeded by B. C. Khanduri
Government offices
Preceded by Rameshwar Thakur	Governor of Andhra Pradesh 2007 – 2009	Succeeded by ??

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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari"

Categories: Indian National Congress | 1925 births | Living people | People from Uttarakhand | People from Uttar Pradesh | Indian independence activists | Allahabad University alumni | Indian National Congress politicians | Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh | Ministers for External Affairs of India | Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand | Governors of Andhra Pradesh | Indian Youth Congress Presidents | Uttar Pradesh MLAs | Members of the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand | 7th Lok Sabha members | Rajya Sabha members | Political sex scandal figures | Udham Singh Nagar | Kashipur | People from Kashipur

  Himalaya

In these hills, Nature's hospitality eclipses all men can ever do. The enchanting beauties of the himalayas, their bracing climate and the soothing green that envelope you leaves nothing more to be desired. I wonder whether the scenery of these hills and the climate are to be surpassed, if qualified, by any of the baeuty spots of the world.

-- Mahatma Gandhi

Himalayas, also Him+alaya (Sanskrit for "abode of snow"), mountain system in Asia, forming a broad continuous arc for nearly 2600 km (1600 mi) along the northern fringes of the Indian subcontinent, from the bend of the Indus River in the northwest to the Brahmaputra River in the east. The Himalayas range, averaging 320 to 400 km (200 to 250 mi) in width, rises sharply from the Gangetic Plain. North of this mountain belt lies the Tibetan Plateau (Qing Zang Gaoyuan). The Himalayas form the earth's highest mountain region, containing 9 of the 10 highest peaks in the world. Among these peaks are the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest (8848 m/29,028 ft), which is on the Nepal-Tibet border; the second highest peak, K2 or Mount Godwin Austen (8,611 m/28,251 ft), located on the border between China and Jammu and Kashmir, a territory claimed by India and Pakistan; the third highest peak, Kanchenjunga (8,598 m/28,209 ft) on the Nepal-India border; Makalu (8481 m/27,824 ft) on the Nepal-Tibet border; Dhaulagiri (8,172 m/26,811 ft) and Annapurna 1 (8,091 m/26,545 ft) in Nepal; Nanga Parbat (8,125 m/26,657 ft) in the Pakistani-controlled portion of Jammu and Kashmir; and Nanda Devi (7817 m/25,645 ft) in India.

Geologic Formation and Structure

 The Himalayan mountain system developed in a series of stages 30 to 50 million years ago. The Himalayan range was created from powerful earth movements that occurred as the Indian plate pressed against the Eurasian continental plate. The earth movements raised the deposits laid down in the ancient, shallow Tethys Sea (on the present site of the mountains) to form the Himalayan ranges from Pakistan eastward across northern India, and from Nepal and Bhutan to the Myanmar (Burmese) border. Even today the mountains continue to develop and change, and earthquakes and tremors are frequent in the area

Topography

 Physically, the Himalayas forms three parallel zones: the Great Himalayas, the Middle Himalayas (also known as the Inner or Lesser Himalayas), and the Sub-Himalayas, which includes the Siwalik Range and foothills and the Tarai and Duars piedmont (an area of land formed or lying at the foot of a mountain or mountain range). Each of these lateral divisions exhibit certain similar topographic features. The Great Himalayas, the highest zone, consists of a huge line of snowy peaks with an average height exceeding 6100 m (20,000 ft). The width of this zone, composed largely but not entirely of gneiss and granite, is about 24 km (about 15 mi). Spurs from the Great Himalayas project southwards into the Middle Himalayas in an irregular fashion. The Nepal and Sikkim (a state of northern India) portion of the Great Himalayas contains the greatest number of high peaks. The snow line on the southern slopes of the Great Himalayas varies from 4480 m (14,700 ft) in the eastern and central Himalayas of Nepal and Sikkim to 5180 m (17,000 ft) in the western Himalayas. To the north of the Great Himalayas are several ranges such as the Zaskar, Ladakh, and the Kailas. The Karakoram Range lies on the Tibetan side of the Great Himalayas.

 The Great Himalayan region is one of the few remaining isolated and inaccessible areas in the world today. Some high valleys in the Great Himalayas are occupied by small clustered settlements. Extremely cold winters and a short growing season limit the farmers to one crop per year, most commonly potatoes or barley. The formidable mountains have limited the development of large-scale trade and commerce despite the construction of highways across the mountains linking Nepal and Pakistan to China. Older trails, which cross the mountains at high passes, also have limited trade and are open only during the summer months.

 The Middle Himalayas range, which has a width of about 80 km (about 50 mi), borders the Great Himalayan range on the south. It consists principally of high ranges both within and outside of the Great Himalayan range. Some of the ranges of the Middle Himalayas are the Nag Tibba, the Dhaola Dhar, the Pir Panjal, and the Mahabharat. The Middle Himalayas possess a remarkable uniformity of height; most are between 1830 and 3050 m (between 6000 and 10,000 ft).

 The Middle Himalayas region is a complex mosaic of forest-covered ranges and fertile valleys. While not as forbidding as the Great Himalayas to the north, this range has nonetheless served to isolate the valleys of the Himalayas from the plains of the Indus and Ganges rivers in Pakistan and northern India. Except for the major valley centers such as Srinagar, Kangra, and Kathmandu, and hill towns such as Simla, Mussoorie, and Darjiling (Darjeeling), the region is moderately populated. Within the Middle Himalayas the intervening mountain ranges tend to separate the densely populated valleys. The numerous gorges and rugged mountains make surface travel difficult in any direction. Few roads or transport routes exist between towns, partly because it is expensive to build them over the high, rough terrain. Only major population centers are linked by air and roads with principal cities in India and Pakistan.

 The Sub-Himalayas, which is the southernmost and the lowest zone, borders the plains of North India and Pakistan. It comprises the Siwalik Range and foothills as well as the narrow piedmont plain at the base of the mountains. The width of the Sub-Himalayas gradually narrows from about 48 km (about 30 mi) in the west until it nearly disappears in Bhutan and eastern India. A characteristic feature of the Sub-Himalayas is the large number of long, flat-bottomed valleys known as duns, which are usually spindle-shaped and filled with gravelly alluvium. South of the foothills lies the Tarai and Duars plains. The southern part of the Tarai and Duars plains is heavily farmed. The northern part was forest inhabited by wild animals until about the 1950s. Most of the forests of this region have been destroyed, and much of the land has been reclaimed for agriculture.

 Climate

 The Himalayas influences the climate of the Indian subcontinent by sheltering it from the cold air mass of Central Asia. The range also exerts a major influence on monsoon and rainfall patterns. Within the Himalayas climate varies depending on elevation and location. Climate ranges from subtropical in the southern foothills, with average summer temperatures of about 30° C (about 86° F) and average winter temperatures of about 18° C (about 64° F); warm temperate conditions in the Middle Himalayan valleys, with average summer temperatures of about 25° C (about 77° F) and cooler winters; cool temperate conditions in the higher parts of the Middle Himalayas, where average summer temperatures are 15 to 18° C (59 to 64° F) and winters are below freezing; to a cold alpine climate at higher elevations, where summers are cool and winters are severe. At elevations above 4880 m (16,000 ft) the climate is very cold with below freezing temperatures and the area is permanently covered with snow and ice. The eastern part of the Himalayas receives heavy rainfall; the western part is drier.

 Plant and Animal Life

 The natural vegetation is influenced by climate and elevation. Tropical, moist deciduous forest at one time covered all of the Sub-Himalayan area. With few exceptions most of this forest has been cut for commercial lumber or agricultural land. In the Middle Himalayas at elevations between 1520 and 3660 m (between 5000 and 12,000 ft) natural vegetation consists of many species of pine, oak, rhododendron, poplar, walnut, and larch. Most of this area has been deforested; forest cover remains only in inaccessible areas and on steep slopes. Below the timber line the Great Himalayas contains valuable forests of spruce, fir, cypress, juniper, and birch. Alpine vegetation occupies higher parts of the Great Himalayas just below the snow line and includes shrubs, rhododendrons, mosses, lichens, and wildflowers such as blue poppies and edelweiss. These areas are used for grazing in summer by the highland people of the Great Himalayas.

 Animals such as tigers, leopards, rhinoceroses, and many varieties of deer once inhabited the forested areas of the Sub-Himalayan foothills and the Tarai plain. As a result of deforestation the habitat of most of the wildlife has been destroyed. They are now restricted to special protected areas such as the Jaldapara and Kaziranga sanctuaries in India and the Chitawan preserve in Nepal. There are few animals in the Middle Himalayas because of extensive deforestation. In the Great Himalayas musk deer, wild goats, sheep, wolves, and snow leopards are found. The existence of the  Yeti has been reported by highland Sherpas in Nepal but has eluded discovery by several expeditions.

  People and Economy

 The population, settlement, and economic patterns within the Himalayas have been greatly influenced by the variations in topography and climate, which impose harsh living conditions and tend to restrict movement and communication. People living in remote, isolated valleys have generally preserved their cultural identities. However, improvements in transportation and communication, particularly satellite television programs from Europe and the United States, are bringing access from the outside world to remote valleys. These outside influences are affecting traditional social and cultural structure.

 Nearly 40 million people inhabit the Himalayas. Generally, Hindus of Indian heritage are dominant in the Sub-Himalayas and the Middle Himalayan valleys from eastern Kashmir to Nepal. To the north Tibetan Buddhists inhabit the Great Himalayas from Ladakh to northeast India. In central Nepal, in an area between about 1830 and 2440 m (between about 6000 and 8000 ft), the Indian and Tibetan cultures have intermingled, producing a combination of Indian and Tibetan traits. The eastern Himalayas in India and nearby areas of eastern Bhutan are inhabited by animistic people whose culture is similar to those living in northern Myanmar and Yunnan province in China. People of western Kashmir are Muslims and have a culture similar to the inhabitants of Afghanistan and Iran.

 The economy of the Himalayas as a whole is poor with low per capita income. Much of the Himalayas area is characterized by a very low economic growth rate combined with a high rate of population growth, which contributes to stagnation in the already low level of per capita gross national product. Most of the population is dependent on agriculture, primarily subsistence agriculture; modern industries are lacking. Mineral resources are limited. The Himalayas has major hydroelectric potential, but the development of hydroelectric resources requires outside capital investment. The skilled labor needed to organize and manage development of natural resources is also limited due to low literacy rates. Most of the Himalayan communities face malnutrition, a shortage of safe drinking water, and poor health services and education systems.

 Agricultural land is concentrated in the Tarai plain and in the valleys of the Middle Himalayas. Patches of agricultural land have also been carved out in the mountainous forested areas. Rice is the principal crop in eastern Tarai and the well-watered valleys. Corn is also an important rain-fed crop on the hillsides. Other cereal crops are wheat, millet, barley, and buckwheat. Sugarcane, tea, oilseeds, and potatoes are other major crops. Food production in the Himalayas has not kept up with the population growth.

 The major industries include processing food grains, making vegetable oil, refining sugar, and brewing beer. Fruit processing is also important. A wide variety of fruits are grown in each of the major zones of the Himalayas, and making fruit juices is a major industry in Nepal, Bhutan, and in the Indian Himalayas.

 Since 1950 tourism has emerged as a major growth industry in the Himalayas. Nearly 1 million visitors come to the Himalayas each year for mountain trekking, wildlife viewing, and pilgrimages to major Hindu and Buddhist sacred places. The number of foreign visitors has increased in recent years, as organized treks to the icy summits of the Great Himalayas have become popular. While tourism is important to the local economy, it has had an adverse impact on regions where tourist numbers exceed the capacity of recreational areas.

 Historically, all transport in the Himalayas has been by porters and pack animals. Porters and pack animals are still important, but the construction of major roads and the development of air routes have changed the traditional transportation pattern. Major urban centers such as Kathmandu, Simla, and Srinagar, as well as important tourist destinations, are served by airlines. Railways link Simla and Darjiling, but in most of the Himalayas there are no railroads. The bulk of goods from the Himalayas, as well as goods destined for places within the Himalayas, generally come to Indian railheads, located in the Tarai, by road. The pack animals and porters transport goods from road heads to the interior and back.

  Environmental Issues

 Economic changes and population increases are threatening the ecology of the Himalayas. In recent years deforestation in the foothills and the Middle Himalayas and overgrazing on the high pastures have led to soil erosion and other environmental problems. Deforestation is a particular concern in the western Himalayas, where increased demand for firewood, extensive tree trimming in order to feed livestock, and construction of roads in the border regions have increased the destruction rate of forests and the number of landslides. Rapid population growth has accelerated pollution, and Himalayan streams that were once clear are now polluted with refuse and sewage. Hill people who use the water for drinking suffer from dysentery; cholera and typhoid epidemics are also common. Large lakes like Dal in Kashmir and Naini Lake (Nainital) have also become polluted.

 Regional variations in environmental degradation exist in the Himalayas. Conditions range from a critical situation in the Himalayas of Nepal, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, and Kashmir to a moderately serious situation in Bhutan and the eastern Himalayas. If rapid development continues in Bhutan and the eastern Himalayas without due regard for conservation, the problems there may assume critical proportions in the near future. The governments of India, Nepal, and Bhutan are aware of the dangers of environmental degradation in the Himalayas, and environmental management concerns are being integrated in development projects in this region.
http://www.uttaranchal.ws/him.htm

The economy of the Himalayas as a whole is poor with low per capita income. Much of the Himalayas area is characterized by a very low economic growth rate combined with a high rate of population growth, which contributes to stagnation in the already low level of per capita gross national product. Most of the population is dependent on agriculture, primarily subsistence agriculture; modern industries are lacking.  Mineral resources are limited. The Himalayas has major hydroelectric potential, but the development of hydroelectric resources requires outside capital investment. The skilled labor needed to organize and manage development of natural resources is also limited due to low literacy rates. Most of the Himalayan communities face malnutrition, a shortage of safe drinking water, and poor health services and education systems. Agricultural land is concentrated in the Tarai plain and in the valleys of the Middle Himalayas. Patches of agricultural land have also been carved out in the mountainous forested areas. Rice is the principal crop in eastern Tarai and the well-watered valleys. Corn is also an important rain-fed crop on the hillsides. Other cereal crops are wheat, millet, barley, and buckwheat. Sugarcane, tea, oilseeds, and potatoes are other major crops. Food production in the Himalayas has not kept up with the population growth. The major industries include processing food grains, making vegetable oil, refining sugar, and brewing beer. Fruit processing is also important. A wide variety of fruits are grown in each of the major zones of the Himalayas, and making fruit juices is a major industry in Nepal, Bhutan, and in the Indian Himalayas. Since 1950 tourism has emerged as a major growth industry in the Himalayas. Nearly 1 million visitors come to the Himalayas each year for mountain trekking, wildlife viewing, and pilgrimages to major Hindu and Buddhist sacred places. The number of foreign visitors has increased in recent years, as organized treks to the icy summits of the Great Himalayas have become popular. While tourism is important to the local economy, it has had an adverse impact on regions where tourist numbers exceed the capacity of recreational areas. Historically, all transport in the Himalayas has been by porters and pack animals. Porters and pack animals are still important, but the construction of major roads and the development of air routes have changed the traditional transportation pattern. Major urban centers such as Kathmandu, Simla, and Srinagar, as well as important tourist destinations, are served by airlines. Railways link Simla and Darjiling, but in most of the Himalayas there are no railroads. The bulk of goods from the Himalayas, as well as goods destined for places within the Himalayas, generally come to Indian railheads, located in the Tarai, by road. The pack animals and porters transport goods from road heads to the interior and back.

http://www.explore-himalaya.com/himalaya_economy.php

Uttarakhand

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Uttarakhand
Dehradun Location of Uttarakhand in India
Coordinates	30°20′N 78°04′E / 30.33°N 78.06°E / 30.33; 78.06
Country	India
District(s)	13
Established	9 November 2000
Capital	Dehradun
Largest city	Dehradun
Governor	Margaret Alva
Chief Minister	Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (71‡)
Population • Density	8,479,562 (19th) • 158 /km2 (409 /sq mi)
Literacy	72%%
Official languages	Hindi, Kumaoni,Garhwali, Sanskrit[1]
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	53,566 km2 (20,682 sq mi)
ISO 3166-2	IN-UL
Footnotes[show] † Dehradun is the provisional capital of the state. The new capital has not yet been chosen. ‡ 70 (elected) + 1 (nominated Anglo-Indian)
Website	ua.nic.in
Seal of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखंड Uttarākhanḍ) is a state located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th state of the Republic of India ^[2]. It borders Tibet on the north, Nepal on the east, the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south, Haryana on the west and Himachal Pradesh on the north west.

The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhanda in Hindu scriptures and old literature, a term which derives from Sanskrit uttara (उत्तर) meaning north, and khaṇḍa (खंड) meaning country or part of a country. It has an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km²).

In January 2007, the name of the state was officially changed from Uttaranchal, its interim name, to Uttarakhand. The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun which is also a rail-head and the largest city in the region. The small hamlet of Gairsen has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehradun to remain provisional capital. The High Court of the state is in Nainital.

Recent developments in the region include initiatives by the state government to capitalise on handloom and handicrafts, the burgeoning tourist trade as well as tax incentives to lure high-tech industry to the state. The state also has big-dam projects, controversial and often criticised in India, such as the very large Tehri dam on the Bhagirathi-Bhilangana rivers, conceived in 1953 and about to reach completion.^[3] Uttarakhand is also well known as the birthplace of the Chipko environmental movement,^[4] and a myriad other social movements including the mass agitation in the 1990s that led to its formation.

Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Demographics 3 Geography 4 Government and politics 4.1 Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand 5 Districts 6 Important cities 7 Economy 8 Transport 8.1 Airports 9 Tourism 10 Education 10.1 Universities 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links

[edit] History

Prince Bhagirath in penance for the salvation of 60,000 of his ancestors.

Literally North Country or Section in Sanskrit, the name of Uttarakhand finds mention in the early Hindu scriptures as the combined region of Kedarkhand (present day Garhwal) and Manaskhand (present day Kumaon). Uttarakhand was also the ancient Puranic term for the central stretch of the Indian Himalayas. Today, it is sometimes called "Land of the Gods" (Dev Bhoomi) because of the presence of a multitude of Hindu pilgrimage spots. The Pauravas, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, Katyuris, Raikas, Palas, the Chands, and Parmaras or Panwars and the British have ruled Uttarakhand in turns.^[5]

The historical temples at Jageshwar, preserved by the Archaeological Survey of India.

The region was originally settled by Kols, an aboriginal people of the austro-asiatic physical type who were later joined by Indo-Aryan Khas tribes that arrived from the northwest by the Vedic period. At that time, present-day Uttarakhand also served as a haunt for Rishis and Sadhus. It is believed that Sage Vyasa scripted the Mahabharata here as the Pandavas are believed to have traveled and camped in the region. Among the first major dynasties of Garhwal and Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century B.C. who practiced an early form of Shaivism. They traded salt with Western Tibet. It is evident from the Ashokan edict at Kalsi in Western Garhwal that Buddhism made inroads in this region. Folk shamanic practices deviating from Hindu orthodoxy also persisted here. However, Garhwal and Kumaon were restored to nominal Brahmanical rule due to the travails of Shankaracharya and the arrival of migrants from the plains. Between the 4th and 14th centuries, the Katyuri dynasty of Khas origin dominated lands of varying extent from the Katyur (modern day Baijnath) valley in Kumaon. The historically significant temples at Jageshwar are believed to have been built by the Katyuris and later remodeled by the Chands. Other peoples of the Tibeto-Burman group known as Kiratas are thought to have settled in the northern highlands as well as in pockets throughout the region, and believed to be the ancestors to the modern day Bhotiya, Raji, Buksha, and Tharu peoples.^[6]

Uttarakhand as a part of the United Province, 1903.

By the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Garhwal Kingdom in the west and the Kumaon Kingdom in the east. From the 13th-18th century, Kumaon prospered under the Chand Rajas who had their origins in the plains of India. During this period, learning and new forms of painting (the Pahari school of art) developed.^[7] Modern-day Garhwal was likewise unified under the rule of Parmar/Panwar Rajas, who along with a mass migration of Brahmins and Rajputs, also arrived from the plains.^[8] In 1791, the expanding Gurkha Empire of Nepal, overran Almora, the seat of the Kumaon Kingdom. In 1803, the Garhwal Kingdom also fell to the Gurkhas. With the conclusion of the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1816, a rump portion of the Garhwal Kingdom was reestablished from Tehri, and eastern British Garhwal and Kumaon ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli.

In the post-independence period, the Tehri princely state was merged into [Uttar Pradesh state, where Uttarakhand composed the Garhwal and Kumaon Divisions.^[9] Until 1998, Uttarakhand was the name most commonly used to refer to the region, as various political groups including most significantly the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Uttarakhand Revolutionary Party est. 1979), began agitating for separate statehood under its banner. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals with diverse lingual and cultural influences due to the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups, the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions.^[10] These bonds formed the basis of the new political identity of Uttarakhand, which gained significant momentum in 1994, when demand for separate statehood (within the Union of India) achieved almost unanimous acceptance among the local populace as well as political parties at the national level.^[11] Most notable incident during this period was the Rampur Tiraha firing case on the night of 1 October 1994, which led to public uproar ^[12]. On September 24, 1998 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly passed the 'Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill', 1998, which eventually led to the creation of the state ^[13], eventually the Parliament passed the Indian Federal Legislation - Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000, and thus on 9 November, 2000,^[14] Uttarakhand became the 27th state in the Republic of India.

However, the term Uttaranchal came into use when the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led central and Uttar Pradesh state governments initiated a new round of state reorganization in 1998 and introduced its preferred name. Chosen for its allegedly less separatist connotations, the name change generated enormous controversy among the rank and file of the separate state activists who saw it as a political act ^[15], however they were not quite as successful as Jharkhand state that successfully thwarted a similar move to impose the name Vananchal. Nevertheless, the name Uttarakhand remained popular in the region, even while Uttaranchal was promulgated through official usage.

In August 2006, India's Union Cabinet assented to the four-year-old demand of the Uttaranchal state assembly and leading members of the Uttarakhand movement to rename Uttaranchal state as Uttarakhand. Legislation to that effect was passed by the State Legislative Assembly in October 2006,^[16] and the Union Cabinet brought in the bill in the winter session of Parliament. The bill was passed by Parliament and signed into law by the President in December 2006. Since then, Uttarakhand denotes a state in the Union of India.

[edit] Demographics

See also: Kumauni People

Mindroling Monastery in Clement Town.

[show]Population Growth
Census	Pop.		%±
1951	2,946,000		—
1961	3,611,000		22.6%
1971	4,493,000		24.4%
1981	5,726,000		27.4%
1991	7,051,000		23.1%
2001	8,489,000		20.4%
Source:Census of India[17]

According to 2001 India census, Uttarakhand had a population of approximately of 8.48 million. A population exceeding 10 million is expected by the next census of 2011. The native people of Uttarakhand are generally called either Kumaoni or Garhwali depending on their place of origin in either the Garhwal or Kumaon region.Another well known category is Gujjar, cattle herders in the southwestern Terai.

Kumaoni and Garhwali dialects of Central Pahari are spoken in Kumaon and Garhwal region respectively. Jaunsari and Bhotiya dialects are also spoken by tribal communities in the west and north respectively. The urban population however converses mostly in Hindi.

Hindus form the majority of the population at 85.0%, Muslims form 10.5%, Sikhs 2.5% and Christians, Buddhists, Jains and others about 0.5%. It has male-female ratio of .964 and has a literacy rate of 72%. The largest cities in the state include Dehradun (530,263), Haridwar (220,767), Haldwani (158,896), Roorkee (115,278) and Rudrapur (88,720). The state government recognizes 15,620 villages and 81 cities and urban areas.

Historians of Kumaun and Garhwal say that in the beginning there were only three casts Rajput, Brahmin and Shilpkar. Main occupation of Rajput were jamindari and law enforcement. Occupation of Brahmins were to perform religious rituals in temples and religious occasions. Shilpkar were mainly working for rajputs, in their lands and were expert in handcrafts. We can still see that surnames of these origin people are associated with the name of village like Bahuguna from Bahugani and Pandey from Pandeygaon. Surname doesn't exactly tells about the cast of Uttarakhandi people. Like two famous surnames Bisht and Bhandari are used by both Rajputs and Brahmins.

[edit] Geography

Main article: Geography of Uttarakhand

Nanda Devi is the second-highest mountain in India.

Valley of Flowers National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Uttarakhand has a total geographic area of 51,125 km², of which 93% is mountainous and 64% is covered by forest. Most of the northern parts of the state are part of Greater Himalaya ranges, covered by the high Himalayan peaks and glaciers, while the lower foothills were densely forested till denuded by the British log merchants and later, after independence, by forest contractors. Recent efforts in reforestation, however, have been successful in restoring the situation to some extent. The unique Himalayan ecosystem plays host to a large number of animals (including bharal, snow leopards, leopards and tigers), plants and rare herbs. Two of India's mightiest rivers, the Ganga and the Yamuna take birth in the glaciers of Uttarakhand, and are fed by myriad lakes, glacial melts and streams in the region.^[18]

Uttarakhand lies on the south slope of the Himalaya range, and the climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the highest elevations to tropical forests at the lower elevations. The highest elevations are covered by ice and bare rock. The Western Himalayan Alpine Shrub and Meadows ecoregion lies between 3000-3500 and 5000 meters elevation; tundra and alpine meadows cover the highest elevations, transitioning to Rhododendron-dominated shrublands below. The Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests lie just below the tree line; at 3000-2600 meters elevation they transition to the Western Himalayan broadleaf forests, which lie in a belt from 2,600 to 1,500 meters elevation. Below 1500 meters elevation lies western end of the drier Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands belt, and the Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests. This belt is locally known as Bhabhar. These lowland forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture, but a few pockets remain.^[19]

Indian National Parks in Uttarakhand include the Jim Corbett National Park (the oldest national park of India) at Ramnagar in Nainital District, Valley of Flowers National Park and Nanda Devi National Park in Chamoli District, which together are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Rajaji National Park in Haridwar District, and Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Gangotri National Park in Uttarkashi District.

[edit] Government and politics

The present Chief Minister of Government of Uttarakhand is Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal.He was appointed as the fifth Chief Minister of Uttarakhand by Governor B. L. Joshi on 27 June 2009. The last state elections in Uttarakhand were held on 21 February 2007. The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the largest party with 34 seats in the 70-seat Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. One seat short of forming a majority, the BJP have had to rely on support from the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and three independents to form the government. The Indian National Congress is the official opposition, holding 21 seats.

[edit] Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand

• Shri Nityanand Swami
• Shri Bhagat Singh Koshiyari
• Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari
• Maj. Gen. (Retd.) B C Khanduri
• Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank

[edit] Districts

Districts of Uttarakhand

There are 13 districts in Uttarakhand which are grouped into two divisions. Kumaon division and Garhwal division

The Kumaon division includes six districts.

• Almora
• Bageshwar
• Champawat
• Nainital
• Pithoragarh
• Rudrapur - Udham Singh Nagar.

The Garhwal division includes seven districts.

• Dehradun
• Haridwar
• Tehri Garhwal
• Uttarkashi
• Chamoli
• Pauri Garhwal (commonly known as Garhwal)
• Rudraprayag

[edit] Important cities

• Almora
• Dehradun
• Haldwani
• Haridwar
• Kashipur
• Champawat
• Bageshwar
• Kotdwara
• Nainital
• Pithoragarh
• Ramnagar
• Roorkee
• Rudrapur
• Rishikesh
• Srinagar
• Gairsen (Chamoli district)
• Gopeshwar(Chamoli district)
• Mussoorie
• Agastyamuni
• Rudraprayag
• Ukhimath
• Guptkhashi
• Basti-VillageRudraprayag district
• Jawahernagar AgastyamuniRudraprayag
• Karanprayag
• Devprayag

[edit] Economy

Evening prayers at Har-ki-pauri (known for a footprint of Vishnu on a stone in a wall) in Haridwar

Uttarakhand's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $6 billion in current prices. Born out of partition of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttarakhand produces about 8% of the output of the old Uttar Pradesh state. Consolidated Finvest and Holdings, a S&P CNX 500 conglomerate has its corporate office in Uttarakhand. It reported a gross income of Rs.137 million for 2005.^{[citation needed]}

In 2003, a new industrial policy for the state with generous tax benefits for investors was initiated that has led to a massive upsurge of capital investment. SIDCUL, the State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttaranchal (sic) has established seven industrial estates in the southern periphery of the state, while dozens of hydroelectric dams are being built in the upper reaches. However, hill development remains an uphill challenge as out migration of local peoples continues from the highland hinterlands.

[edit] Transport

Uttarakhand is well connected with Rail, Road and Air modes of transport

[edit] Airports

• Jolly Grant (Dehradun)
• Naini Saini (Pant Nagar)
• Uttar Kashi
• Gochar (Chamoli)
• Agastyamuni (Heliport) (Rudraprayag)
• Pithoragarh

[edit] Tourism

Chota Char Dham Kedarnath • Badrinath Gangotri • Yamunotri
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Leisure, adventure, and religious tourism play a prominent role in Uttarakhand's economy, with the Corbett National Park and Tiger Reserve and the nearby hill-stations of Nainital, Mussoorie, Almora, Kausani, Bhimtal and Ranikhet being amongst the most frequented destinations of India. The state also contains numerous peaks of interest to mountaineers, although Nanda Devi, the highest and best-known of these, has been off-limits since 1982. Other national wonders include the Valley of Flowers, which along with Nanda Devi National Park, form a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

To Uttarakhand, long called "abode of the gods" (Devbhumi), belong some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for more than a thousand years, pilgrims have been visiting the region in the hopes of salvation and purification from sin. Gangotri and Yamunotri, the sources of both the Ganges and Yamuna fall in the upper reaches of the state and together with Badrinath (dedicated to Vishnu) and Kedarnath (dedicated to Shiva) form the Chota Char Dham of Uttarakhand, one of Hinduism most spiritually auspicious pilgrimage circuits. Rishikesh near Haridwar is known as the preeminent yoga centre of India, which along with Haridwar is an important Hindu pilgrimage. Haridwar hosts the Kumbha Mela every twelve years, in which millions of pilgrims take part from all parts of the India and the world. The state has an abundance of temples and shrines, many dedicated to local deities or manifestations of Shiva and Durga, references to many of which can be found in Hindu scriptures and legends.^[20] The architecture of most of these temples is typical of the region and slightly different from other parts of India. The ancient temples at Jageshwar (a complex of 124 temples in a deodar woodland) are historically the most prominent for their distinct architectural features. Uttarakhand is, however, a place of pilgrimage not only for the Hindus. Hemkund nested in the Himalayas is a prime pilgrimage center for the Sikhs. Tibetan Buddhism has also made itself felt with the recent reconstruction of Mindroling Monastery and its Buddha Stupa, touted as the world's highest^[21], southwest of Dehradun.

The state has always been a destination for mountaineering, hiking and rock climbing in India. A recent development in adventure tourism in the region has been white water rafting and other adventures sports. Eco tourism, agritourism and rural tourism have also found new grounds in many villages of the state.

[edit] Education

Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration

Uttarakhand has educational institutions of major importance to India and the world. It is home to one of the oldest engineering colleges in Asia, the Indian Institute of Technology at Roorkee(formerly University of Roorkee)and Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology in Pantnagar.Other universities and institutes of prime importance include, Indian Military Academy in Dehradun, ICFAI University in Dehradun , Forest Research Institute in Dehradun, Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun Institute of Technology,Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College in Pauri, Amrapali Institute in Haldwani, Omkarananda Institute of Management and Technology, Rishikesh and Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat.

Uttarakhand is home to several reputed day and boarding schools including Welham Girls' School (Dehradun),Welham Boys' School (Dehradun),the Doon School (Dehradun), ST. Thomas college(Dehradun), St. Joseph Academy (Dehradun),Woodstock School (Mussoorie), Birla Vidya Niketan (Nainital), Sainik School Ghorakhal near Bhowali, Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC) at Dehradun, The Asian School (Dehradun),The Heritage School(Dehradun), G D Birla Memorial School(Ranikhet), St. Joseph's College (Nainital), Selaqui World School (Dehradun) and Sherwood College (Nainital). Several Indian luminaries attended these schools including former prime ministers and film stars.

Historically, Uttarakhand is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were composed and the great epic, the Mahabharata, was written. Rishikesh is widely considered the Yoga capital of the world.

[edit] Universities

Garhwal and Kumaun Universities were founded in 1973 as part of the upsurge of regional sentiment that led to the Uttarakhand statehood.

• ICFAI University in Dehradun
• H.N.B. Garhwal University Campus in Srinagar and Pauri
• Kumaun University Campus in Nainital and Almora
• Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology in Pantnagar
• Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun
• Gurukul Kangri University in Haridwar
• University of Petroleum and Energy Studies in Dehradun
• Doon University in Dehradun

[edit] See also

• Kumauni People
• Kumaon
• Kumaoni
• Doti
• Baitada
• Garhwal
• Garhwali
• Garhwal Rifles
• Kumaon Regiment
• Bengal Engineers
• Special Frontier Force

[edit] References

1. ^ "Sanskrit made second official language" (html). http://www.garhwalpost.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Uttarakhand&article=5051. Retrieved 2009-12-28. 
2. ^ Uttarakhand Govt. of India, Official website.
3. ^ Yadav, K. P. S. (2002). Going Under : Tehri prepares for a watery grave as the controversial dam becomes a grim reality. Its residents are in mourning, their grief compounded by an uncertain future. Down To Earth, 10(16), 20.
4. ^ Guha, R. (2000). The unquiet woods : ecological change and peasant resistance in the Himalaya (Expanded ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
5. ^ Kandari, O. P., & Gusain, O. P. (Eds.). (2001). Garhwal Himalaya : Nature, Culture & Society. Srinagar, Garhwal: Transmedia.
6. ^ Saklani, D. P. (1998). Ancient communities of the Himalaya. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co.
7. ^ Pande, B. D. (1993). History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas". Almora, U.P., India: Shyam Prakashan : Shree Almora Book Depot.
8. ^ Rawat, A. S. (1989). History of Garhwal, 1358-1947: an erstwhile kingdom in the Himalayas. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co.
9. ^ Saklani, A. (1987). The history of a Himalayan princely state : change, conflicts and awakening : an interpretative history of princely state of Tehri Garhwal, U.P., A.D. 1815 to 1949 A.D (1st ed.). Delhi: Durga Publications.
10. ^ Aggarwal, J. C., Agrawal, S. P., & Gupta, S. S. (Eds.). (1995). Uttarakhand: past, present, and future. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co.
11. ^ Kumar, P. (2000). The Uttarakhand Movement: Construction of a Regional Identity. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers.
12. ^ Rampur Tiraha firing The Times of India, 31 Jul 2003.
13. ^ Reorganisation Bill passed by UP Govt The Indian Express, September 24, 1998.
14. ^ Uttarakhand Govt. of India, Official website.
15. ^ Negi, B. (2001). "Round One to the Lobbyists, Politicians and Bureaucrats." Indian Express, January 2.
16. ^ UNI. (2006). "Uttaranchal becomes Uttarakhand." Tribune (India), October 12.
17. ^ "Census Population" (PDF). Census of India. Ministry of Finance India. http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-18. 
18. ^ Negi, S. S. (1991). Himalayan rivers, lakes, and glaciers. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co.
19. ^ Negi, S. S. (1995). Uttarakhand: land and people. New Delhi: MD Pub.
20. ^ Dilwali, A., & Pant, P. (1987). The Garhwal Himalayas, ramparts of heaven. New Delhi: Lustre Press.
21. ^ PTI. (2002). "Dalai Lama Inaugurates World's Highest Stupa." October 28.

[edit] Further reading

State symbols
State animal	Musk Deer
State bird	Monal
State tree	Rhododendron
State flower	Brahma Kamal

• Umachand Handa (2002). History of Uttaranchal. Indus Publishing. ISBN 8173871345. Excerpts
• Husain, Z. (1995). Uttarakhand movement: the politics of identity and frustration, a psycho-analytical study of the separate state movement, 1815-1995. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot. ISBN 8185897174
• Śarmā, D. (1989). Tibeto-Himalayan languages of Uttarakhand. Studies in Tibeto-Himalayan languages, 3. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. ISBN 8170991714
• Fonia, K. S. (1987). Uttarakhand, the land of jungles, temples, and snows. New Delhi, India: Lancer Books.
• Mukhopadhyay, R. (1987). Uttarakhand movement a sociological analysis. Centre for Himalayan Studies special lecture, 8. Raja Rammohunpur, Dt. Darjeeling: University of North Bengal.
• Uma Prasad Thapliyal (2005). Uttaranchal: Historical and cultural perspectives. B.R. Pub. Corp.,. ISBN 8176464635.
• Nationalistic part of Greater Nepal Region
• Vijaypal Singh Negi, Jawahernagar,Post -Agastyamuni,Dist.- Rudraprayag, The Great HimalaysPublication Date- 1998,

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Uttarakhand

• Official web-site of Uttarakhand Government
• Official web-site of UANA-Uttaranchal/Uttarakhand Association of North America
• Official web-site of Tristate(NY/NJ/PA-USA) UANA

	Himachal Pradesh		China
	Haryana
		Uttarakhand
		Uttar Pradesh	Nepal

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Categories: Uttarakhand | States and territories of India | States and territories established in 2000

Uttarakhand , Indian State
The land of celestial beauty , Uttarakhand, is one of the most bewitching and enchanting regions of northern India.

Uttarakhand is described as the land of celestial beauty. Uttarakhand is one of the most bewitching and enchanting regions of northern India. Each and every corner of this place is worth seeing. Nature has endowed this land with so much beauty and spiritual bliss that it is also known as Dev Bhoomi, or the abode of Gods. It is believed that the peaks and valleys of this state were abodes of gods and goddesses. Ganga, Yamuna and scores of other rivers originate in Uttarakhand. The beauty of Uttarakhand cannot be described as it has unfathomable beauty. It seems that nature has blessed Uttarakand immensely. The rivers, snow clad mountains, cliffs all add to the natural beauty of the place. Historically, Uttarakhand is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were composed and the great epic, the Mahabharata, was written. As such, Rishikesh is widely considered the Yoga capital of the world. Origin of name of Uttarakhand Till 1998, Uttarakhand was the name commonly used. However, the term Uttaranchal came into use when the BJP-led central government initiated a new round of state reorganization in 2000 and introduced its preferred name. The name change generated enormous controversy among the state activists who saw it as a political act, however they were not quite as successful. Nevertheless, the name Uttarakhand remained popular in the region, even while Uttaranchal was promulgated through official usage. In August 2006, India`s Union Cabinet assented to the four year old demand of the Uttaranchal state assembly and leading members of the Uttarakhand movement to rename Uttaranchal state as Uttarakhand. Geography of Uttarakhand Bordering Tibet and Nepal on the Northeast of Delhi, the mountains of Garhwal and Kumaon ascend from the lush and fertile Sub-Himalayan plains. Together they form the new state of Uttaranchal, also known as Uttarkhand. This state was formed from the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh. Uttarakhand is both the traditional and new name of the state. It was actually the ancient Puranic name for the inner stretch of the Indian Himalayas. The peaks and valleys of this state were known as the abode of gods and goddesses. Uttarakhand has to its credit some of the sacred pilgrimage spot of the Hindu`s. It was the source of the River Ganges. Uttarakhand is situated between 770 34` to 810 2` east longitude and 280 4` to 310 27` North latitude. The climate of the state varies from subtropical in valleys to temperate on higher slopes. The state is very rich in natural resources as forest and water, as it has many glaciers, dense forests, mountain peaks and a network of mighty rivers viz., Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Kosi etc. A total of 64.6% of the area is under forest cover. History of Uttarakhand To its credit the name of Uttarakhand finds mention even in the early Hindu scriptures as Kedarkhand, Manakhand and Himavat. It is often called the Land of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi) because of its various holy places and shrines. It was actually the ancient Puranic name for the inner stretch of the Indian Himalayas. The Kushanas, Kudinas, Kanishka, Samudra, Gupta, the Pauravas, Katuris, Palas, the Chandras and Pawaras and the British have ruled Uttarakhand in turns. In 1791 the expanding Gurkha Empire (people from Nepal) overran Almora, which was the seat of the Kumaon Kingdom. Later on, in the 19th century, expansion of the Gurkha Empire was brought to an end by British annexation of these regions. The Garhwal Kingdom was reestablished from Tehri(Tehri is a city and a municipal board in Tehri Garhwal District in the Indian state of Uttaranchal, which has been renamed now as Uttarakhand) and eastern British. Garhwal and Kumaon had to yield to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. After the Indepndence, the princely state of Tehri was merged into Uttar Pradesh where Uttarakhand composed of the Garhwal and Kumaon Divisions. The present state of Uttaranchal was earlier a part of the United Province of Agra and Awadh. In January 1950, the United Province was renamed, as Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal remained a part of Uttar Pradesh. It emerged as an individual state on 9 November 2000. It became the 27th state of India. Economy of Uttarakhand The state of Uttarakhand is rich in minerals like limestone rock phosphate, dolomite, magnesite, copper graphite, soap stone, gypsum, etc. The number of small-scale industries here are 41,216 and there is an asset of Rs. 305.58 crore. There are the presence of 191 heavy industries which runs on a profit of Rs.2, 694.66 crore. Most of the industries here are forest based. In the year 2003, a new industrial policy with tax benefits for investors was started and this led to a massive upsurge of capital investment. The State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand (SIDCUL) has established seven industrial estates in the southern periphery of the state, while dozens of hydroelectric dams are being built in the upper reaches. 90% of the population here depend on agrikculture. The total area under cultivation in Uttarakhand is 12,61,915 hectares. To its credit the state has an excellent potential for hydropower generation. There are a number of hydroelectric projects on the rivers of Yamuna, Bhagirathi, Ganga, Ramganga and Sharda, generating electricity. Out of 15,669 villages of Uttarakhand 12,315 villages have been electrified. Uttarakhand`s gross state domestic product for the year 2004 was $6 billion in current prices. Districts of Uttarakhand The present administrative set-up of Uttarakhand is inherited from state of Uttar Pradesh. There are 49 tehsils, 95 development blocks, 71 municipal areas, 676 Nyay Panchayats and 6805 Gram Panchayats. In total there are 15669 villages at Uttarakhand. There are 13 districts in Uttarakhand. These districts are divided into two divisions. The two divisions are Garhwal division and Kumaon division. There are seven districts under Garhwal division and six districts under Kumaon division. The seven districts under the Garhwal division are : Chamoli Dehradun Haridwar Pauri Garhwal Rudraprayag Tehri Garhwal Uttarkashi The six districts that come under Kumaon division are: Almora Bageshwar Champawat Nainital Pithoragarh Udham Singh Nagar. Government and politics The major political parties of Uttarakhand are BJP (Barathiya Janatha Party), · CPM BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party),INC (Indian National Congress),NDA (National Democratic Alliance),Samajwadi Party,Samata Party, SHS, RLD, ABHM, CPI(ML)(L), RSBP, BKLJP, IJP, JP. The four constituencies of Uttarakhand are Tehri Garhwal, Garhwal, Almora, Nainital and Haridwar. The total electors of Uttarakhand are 5562637. The number of polling stations here are 6819. The polling percentage is 48.05. Culture of Uttarakhand The people of Uttarakhand are called by the name Garhwali /Kumaoni. Some people are also known as Paharis. Majority of the people here are Hindus. It seems that about ninety percent of the people are Hindus. Most of the people who reside here belong to the upper castes. However the scheduled caste section of the population preceded the later migrants in settling the hills. The upper castes can be further subdivided into two Indo Aryan groups. They are : the original Khas tribes that arrived in the hills by the Vedic era and migrants from North-Central India that arrived in the medieval period. The distinctions between the two groups are reduced as a result of caste mobility. The other communities of the state are Jadh, Marcha, Tolcha, Shauka, Buksha, Tharu and the Gujjar. The Gujjar`s are mainly cattle herders. Population of the state include people fronm other states as Nepal, Bengal, Punjab, Tibet etc. the majority of the people here are Rajputs. Majority of the people speak Hindi. Kumaoni and Garhwali dialects of Central Pahari are spoken by the people. The tribal communities use Jaunsari and Bhotiya dialects. The important festivals celebrated here are 1. Kumbh Mela/Ardh Kumbh Mela that is held at Hardwar in every twelfth/sixth year interval. 2. Devidhura Mela (Champawat) 3. Purnagiri Mela (Champawat) 4. Nanda Devi Mela (Almora) 5. Gauchar Mela (Chamoli) 6. Baisakhi (Uttarakashi) 7. Maga Mela (Uttarkashi) 8. Uttaraini Mela (Bageshwar) 9. Vishu Mela (Jaunsar Vavar) 10. Peerane-Kaliyar (Roorkee) 11. Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra Education of Uttarakhand The Uttarkand board of school educations and exams are working under the umbrella of Directorate of School Education. In Uttarakhand, the department of education has a amalgamated structure which has under it the basic education, secondary education, state council of education research and training.The educational institutions of Uttarakhand are an asset to India and the world. One of the oldest engineering college of the country, the Indian Institute of Technology at Roorkee, is at Uttarakhand. Other universities of prime importance are the G. B. Pant University in Pantnagar, Kumaun University in Nainital and Almora, and the H.N.B. Garhwal University in Srinagar. Demography of Uttarakhand The population of Uttarakhand is 8479562. Out of which the males constitute 4316401 and females 4163161 of the total population. In the rural areas the population is about 6309317. The decadal increase in the year 1991-2001 is 19.2 and the population density is 159 per sq km. The sex ratio is 964 per thousand. The per capita income of the state is Rs 12,000 per year. The infant mortality rate is 52.4. The literacy rate of the state is 72.28%. The percentages of literate males are 84.01% and the percentages of literate females are 60.26%. The decadal literacy rate of the state is 14.47%. The current rate is above the national average. Flora and fauna of Uttarakhand In the Garhwal there are alpine meadows where flowers of different hues bloom every spring. The Valley of Flowers is an important site worth to be visited. As the name indicates the valley is filled with multitude of flowers of different colors. The region is rich in wildlife. There are Himalayan blue sheep,dog-like Moschus Moschiferus, or the Musk Deer, leopards, lynx, snow leopard, monkeys. One of the wild birds present here are Lammergeier, or bearded vulture, Sports of Uttarakhand The favorite spots of the people here are mountaineering, trekking, skiing, and skating. More on Uttarakhand Cities of Uttarakhand Costumes of Uttarakhand Culture of Uttarakhand Festivals of Uttarakhand Flora Of Uttarakhand Folk Dances of Uttarakhand Natural Valleys of Uttarakhand Skiing In Uttarakhand Temples of Uttarakhand Water Sports in Uttarakhand Wildlife Sanctuaries of Uttarakhand
(Last Updated on : 8/01/2010)
	• History of Uttarakhand • Education of Uttarakhand • Culture of Uttarakhand • Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya • Natural Valleys of Uttarakhand • Skiing In Uttarakhand • Mani Bhadrashram • Water Sports in Uttarakhand • Wildlife Sanctuaries of Uttarakhand • Chamoli District • Rudraprayag • Udham Singh Nagar District • Tapta Kund • Tourism In Uttarakhand