The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified on Tuesday as thousands of people from all walks of life came on to the streets in various districts to press for their demand.
Protests, road blockades, rallies, processions, meetings, human chains and cultural programmes were organised across the region by all political parties and other pro-Telangana groups.
Tension continued at Osmania University, the nerve centre of the agitation, as students took out a procession to the police station demanding release of their leaders. Police had a tough time controlling the angry students.
The protest was held even as police stepped up efforts to foil the plans of the Joint Action Committee (JAC) of the students for a 'Chalo Hyderabad' march and rally Jan 3. Police have denied permission for the protests and imposed prohibitory orders in and around the city.
However, the government Tuesday received a jolt with the state high court quashing its order for closure of all university hostels and messes in Telangana. The court directed that the hostels and messes be reopened with necessary measures to prevent the entry of outsiders.
Police went on alert in Hyderabad and other parts of the region a day ahead of the shutdown called by the all-party JAC. Additional forces, including paramilitary personnel, were deployed in the state capital and other towns.
The tussle between students on hunger strike and the police continued on the campuses of all universities in the region, especially the Kakatiya University in Warangal.
Some student unions have threatened to disrupt New Year celebrations at Ramoji Film City on the outskirts of Hyderabad. A group of students staged a protest outside the film city owned by media baron Ramoji Rao.
Hyderabad Police Commissioner B. Parasada Rao has warned of strict action against those planning to disrupt New Year celebrations in the city.
Demanding withdrawal of cases booked against those participating in the agitation, lawyers staged a sit-in outside the Nampally criminal court complex.
In Warangal, students, lawyers and government employees came together to stage massive protests. Lawyers boycotted courts.
In Karimnagar town, hundreds of people marched through the streets demanding the immediate formation of Telangana state. Leaders of all parties vowed not to rest till the central government announced the formation of the state.
Protesters in various towns also used folk songs and cultural performances to highlight their demand.
In Mahabubnagar district, government employees resorted to a 'pen down' protest in support of the Telangana movement.
The 'fast unto death' and relay hunger strikes by students, lawyers and legislators cutting across party lines also continued.
The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified on Tuesday as thousands of people from all walks of life came on to the streets in various districts to press for their demand.
Protests, road blockades, rallies, processions, meetings, human chains and cultural programmes were organised across the region by all political parties and other pro-Telangana groups.
Tension continued at Osmania University, the nerve centre of the agitation, as students took out a procession to the police station demanding release of their leaders. Police had a tough time controlling the angry students.
The protest was held even as police stepped up efforts to foil the plans of the Joint Action Committee (JAC) of the students for a 'Chalo Hyderabad' march and rally Jan 3. Police have denied permission for the protests and imposed prohibitory orders in and around the city.
However, the government Tuesday received a jolt with the state high court quashing its order for closure of all university hostels and messes in Telangana. The court directed that the hostels and messes be reopened with necessary measures to prevent the entry of outsiders.
Police went on alert in Hyderabad and other parts of the region a day ahead of the shutdown called by the all-party JAC. Additional forces, including paramilitary personnel, were deployed in the state capital and other towns.
The tussle between students on hunger strike and the police continued on the campuses of all universities in the region, especially the Kakatiya University in Warangal.
Some student unions have threatened to disrupt New Year celebrations at Ramoji Film City on the outskirts of Hyderabad. A group of students staged a protest outside the film city owned by media baron Ramoji Rao.
Hyderabad Police Commissioner B. Parasada Rao has warned of strict action against those planning to disrupt New Year celebrations in the city.
Demanding withdrawal of cases booked against those participating in the agitation, lawyers staged a sit-in outside the Nampally criminal court complex.
In Warangal, students, lawyers and government employees came together to stage massive protests. Lawyers boycotted courts.
In Karimnagar town, hundreds of people marched through the streets demanding the immediate formation of Telangana state. Leaders of all parties vowed not to rest till the central government announced the formation of the state.
Protesters in various towns also used folk songs and cultural performances to highlight their demand.
In Mahabubnagar district, government employees resorted to a 'pen down' protest in support of the Telangana movement.
The 'fast unto death' and relay hunger strikes by students, lawyers and legislators cutting across party lines also continued.
HYDERABAD: Bus services and dozens of trains across Telangana region have been withdrawn on Wednesday following the bandh called by the Telangana Joint Action Committee demanding that the Centre initiate the process of formation of a separate State.
Heavy police force has been deployed across the region to avoid untoward incidents even as senior police officers warned the agitators with stern action if they indulged in violence. Police clamped prohibitory orders under Section 144 in the twin cities and and adjoining areas while police has been deployed in large numbers in Cyberabad Police Commissionerate limits.
The APSRTC has decided to keep its over 9,000 buses plying in Telangana off the roads and buses heading towards Vijayawada, Kurnool and other places in coastal Andhra regions were cancelled at 8 p.m. on Tuesday.
The South Central Railway announced cancellation of trains on the three major routes. In all, eight trains on Secunderabad–Kazipet line, nine on Kazipet–Dornakal line, Kazipet–Ballarshah (13), Secunderabad–Mudkhed (26), Secunderabad–Mahabubnagar (17) and Secunderabad–Nalgonda (2) have been cancelled.
The bandh received support from various sections as Government employees in some districts announced a pen-down strike while the lawyers of Telangana region have decided against attending courts.
Telangana agitation intensifies, thousands protest on streetsHindustan Times - 28 minutes ago Yet another shutdown would be observed in the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh on Wednesday, currently on the boil over the separate statehood issue. The South Central Railway (SCR) has cancelled three express trains and regulated several others. ... Telangana bandh todayThe Hindu - 27 minutes ago HYDERABAD: Bus services and dozens of trains across Telangana region have been withdrawn on Wednesday following the bandh called by the Telangana Joint Action Committee demanding that the Centre initiate the process of formation of a separate State. ... Poultry faces Telangana heatBusiness Standard - - 53 minutes ago The ongoing Telangana agitation is taking a toll on the poultry industry in the state, particularly in Hyderabad. At least 50000 chicks have died after transport vehicles carrying them from the city were held up by protestors while about one million ... State gears up for Telangana bandhBusiness Standard - 53 minutes ago Even as the Telangana Sadhana Joint Action Committee (JAC) is all set to enforce a bandh tomorrow pressing for a separate statehood to Telangana, the students at Osmania University have 'urged' the people to boycott New Year celebrations in support of ... Telangana affects AP industry; pharma cos bleed Rs 500crZee News - 1 hour ago Hyderabad: The ongoing Telangana turmoil has begun to take its toll on the Andhra Pradesh economy with many industrial sectors beginning to report heavy losses due to shutdowns, amidst threats of many major proposed investors, including MNCs, ... Andhra Cong chief sees solution to Telangana crisis by JanHindustan Times - 3 hours ago The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified today as thousands of people from all walks of life came on to the streets in various districts to press for their demand. Press Trust Of India Andhra Pradesh Congress ... Andhra plans task force to protect industries from stirLivemint - - 24 minutes ago Citing examples of projects, orders and investments being cancelled across sectors in Andhra Pradesh on account of deteriorating law and order, chief minister K. Rosaiah said that the state may suffer huge losses if the situation worsens Hyderabad: The ... Rosaiah the fall guyExpress Buzz - - 2 hours ago NEW DELHI: Even as the Congress leaders from the Telangana region met the party brass seeking clarity on the issue, the leadership seemed set to make Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister K. Rosaiah the fall guy. One of the party's top leaders, ... Centre mulls setting up mechanism on Telangana creationZee News - 3 hours ago New Delhi: The top brass of the Congress party and the government on Tuesday discussed the Telangana imbroglio amidst speculation that a mechanism may be set up to discuss the separate state issue. The Congress leadership, including Prime Minister ... State Of DenialTimes of India - 56 minutes ago The Union government seems to be in a fix over the Telangana demand. Opinion in Andhra Pradesh continues to be polarised and a consensus has so far eluded the government. Besides, the success of Telangana supporters has revived similar demands for ... | Timeline of articlesNumber of sources covering this story
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Telangana
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Telangana or Telengana (Telugu: తెలంగాణ) is a region of Andhra Pradesh state in India. The name means "land of Telugus". It is comprised of the Telugu speaking parts of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad. The region lies on the Deccan plateau to the west of the Eastern Ghats range, and includes the northwestern interior districts of Warangal, Adilabad, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, and the state capital, Hyderabad. The Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
On December 9, 2009, the Government of India announced that the process for the formation of Telangana state will be initiated upon introduction and passage of a separation statement by the state assembly of AP.[1] However, on December 23, 2009, the Government of India announced that the issue of a new state will be addressed only after a consensus is reached, thus effectively putting the formation of the new state in abeyance.[2]
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[edit] History
The Telangana region is believed to have been mentioned in the Mahabharata as the Telinga Kingdom[citation needed] which said to be inhabited by the tribe known as Telavana and said to have fought on the Pandava side in the great war of Mahabharata. It is also evident from the fact that there is Pandavula Guhalu in Warangal district (where the Pandavas spent their life in exile (Lakkha Gruham).[citation needed]
And, in Treta yuga, it is believed that Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, spent their life in exile at Parnashala on the banks of Godavari river which is about 25 km from Bhadrachalam in Khammam District which falls in the Telangana region.
Telangana region has been heartland for many great dynasties like Sathavahanas, Kakatiyas. Kotilingala in Karimnagar was the first capital of the Sathavahanas before Dharanikota. Excavations at Kotilingala revealed coinage of Simukha, a Satavahana emperor.
The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiyas, a great Telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323. Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Cholas in the year 1210 who accepted his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion that stretched from the Godavari delta and Anakapalle in the east to Raichur (in modern day Karnataka) in the west and from Karimnagar & Bastar (in modern day Chattisgarh) in the north to Srisailam & Tripurantakam, near Ongole in the south. It was also during his reign that the Golkonda fort was first constructed by the Kakatiyas.
Telangana, then came under Muslim rule in 14th century for the first time by Delhi Sultanate followed by Bahmanis, Qutb Shahis and Mughals. As the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate in the early 18th century, the Muslim Asafjahi dynasty established a separate state known as Hyderabad. Later Hyderabad entered into a treaty of subsidiary alliance with the British Empire, and was the largest and most populous princely state in India. Telangana was never under direct British rule, unlike Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of British India's Madras Presidency.
[edit] Post-independence history
When India became independent from the British Empire, the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence, but the Government of India amalgamated his state by force on September 17, 1948; after executing Operation Polo by the Indian Army. When India became independent, the Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts; 9 of them in the Telangana region of Nizam's Dominions (Hyderabad State), 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra region) and one in French-controlled Yanam. A Communist led peasant revolt started in 1946, lasted until 1951.
The central government appointed a civil servant, Keralite, Vellodi Narayana Menon K as Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26 January, 1950. He administered the state with the help of beaurocrats from Madras state and Bombay state. In 1952, Telangana had tasted democracy for the first time when it participated in general elections and elected Dr.Burgula Ramakrishna Rao as the Chief minister of Hyderabad State. The Telugu speaking people in Madras state(Andhra region), which was part of British India), enjoyed some form of democracy since 1920. During this time there was violent mulki agitation by Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state and to implement Mulki rules strictly.[3]
Meanwhile, Telugu speaking areas (Andhra region), were carved out of an erstwhile Madras state by popular agitation by legendary leaders like Potti Sri Ramulu to create the separate and unified Andhra State in 1953.[1][4][5]
[edit] Merger of Telangana and Andhra
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In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. The States Reorganization Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state, despite the common language between the two.
Para 382 of States Reorganization Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly in favour of the larger unit, public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of Telangana to take a decision about their future". Telanganas had several concerns. The region had a less developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which Telanganas feared might be diverted for use in Andhra. They also feared that planned dam projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately even though Telanganas controlled the headwaters of the rivers. Telanganas feared too that the people of Andhra who had access to higher education, would have the advantage in government and educational jobs.
The commission proposed that the Telangana region be constituted as a separate state with a provision for unification with Andhra state, after the 1961 general elections, if a resolution could be passed in the Telangana state assembly with two-third majority.
Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao strongly believed majority of Telangana people were against the merger.[6]
Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially ridiculed the idea of merging Telangana with the Andhra State, fearing a "tint of expansionist imperialism" in it. Later, he compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having "provisions for divorce" if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.[7]
However, following the "Gentlemen's agreement, the central government, established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956 [2][8][9]. The agreement provided reassurances to both parties in terms of power sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.
[edit] Separate Telangana state movement
[edit] 1969 Movement
In the following years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, however, Telangana people had a number of complaints about how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent with the 1956 Gentleman's agreement intensified in January 1969 when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Osmania University in Hyderabad and spread to other parts of the region. Government employees and opposition members of the state legislative assembly swiftly threatened "direct action" in support of the students. This movement, also known as Telangana movement, led to widespread violence and deaths of hundreds of people including 360 students. [10]
Although the Congress faced some dissension within its ranks, its leadership stood against additional linguistic states, which were regarded as "anti-national." As a result, defectors from the Congress, led by M. Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana People's Association (Telangana Praja Samithi). Despite electoral successes, however, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation in September 1971 and, much to the disgust of many separatists, rejoined the safer political haven of the Congress ranks. Still some of the extremist leaders who were not the Congress men remained in the cause. The non Congress men formed the STPS (Samyukta Telangana Praja Samiti) Leader include, Badri Vishal Pitti, Sada Laxmi, Konda Laxman etc. under leadership of Sridhar Reddy, student leader.
In the year 1972, all candidates belonging to STPS under the leadership of M Sridhar Reddy contested the assembly elections, however, only Mr Thakkalapalli Purushotham Rao got elected from Wardhannapet constituency of Warangal District and rest were defeated. In 1969, Mr Purushotham Rao unveiled Telangana map in the state assembly.[11]
In 1969, when the Hindi blockbuster Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke was released, Telangana people could be seen carrying posters with the slogan "Aya Telangana Jhoom Ke [Telangana has come up]" with great fanfare.
[edit] Movement in 1990-2004
The emotions and forces generated by the movement were not strong enough, however, for a continuing drive for a separate state until 1990s when Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), promised a separate Telangana state if they came to power. BJP created Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarkhand states in year 2000 as promised. But the BJP could not create a separate Telangana state because of the opposition from its coalition partner, Telugu Desam Party. These developments brought new life into the separatist Telangana movement by year 2000. Congress party MLAs from the Telangana region, supported a separate Telangana state and formed the Telangana Congress Legislators Forum.[12][13][14][15][16] In another development, a new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (or TRS) was formed with the single point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state, with Hyderabad as its capital lead by Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao popularly known as KCR.[17][18][19]
Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel all the agreements, accords, formulas, plans and assurances on the floor of legislature and Lok Sabha, in last 50+ years, could not be honoured and Telangana was forced to remain neglected, exploited and backward. The experiment to remain as one state proved to be a futile exercise and therefore, separation is found to be the best solution.[20][21][22]
[edit] 2004 and later
In 2004, for Assembly and Parliament elections, the Congress party and the TRS had an electoral alliance in the Telangana region with the promise of a separate Telangana State.[23] Congress came to power in the state and formed a coalition government at the centre. TRS joined the coalition government in 2004 and was successful in making a separate Telangana state a part of the common minimum program (CMP) of the coalition government.[24] In September 2006 TRS withdrew support for the Congress led coalition government at the centre on the grounds of indecision by the government over the delivery of its electoral promise to create Telangana.[25][26][27]
In December 2006, the TRS won the by-election to the Karimnagar parliamentary constituency with a record margin.[28]
There was pressure on the Congress party to create a Telangana state in 2008.[29][30][31]
All TRS legislators in Parliament and in State (4MPs, 16MLAs, 3MLCs) resigned in the 1st week of March 2008 and forced by-elections to increase the pressure on Congress party, and to intensify the movement.[32][33]
By-elections for the 16 MLA seats, 4 MP seats were held May 29, 2008. During the election campaign, the TRS party said it is a referendum on a Telangana state but both Congress and TDP parties said it is not a referendum on Telangana and also said that they are not opposed to the formation of Telangana state.[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] To the disappointment of Telangana proponents, the TRS retained only 7 out of 16 MLA seats and 2 out of 4 MP seats after the by-elections.[44]
In June 2008, Devender Goud, who is considered number two in the TDP, a politbureau member and Deputy Leader of the Telugu Desam Legislature Party, resigned from the party saying he would devote his time and energy to the formation of a separate Teelangana state.[45] In July 2008, Mr Goud along with some other leaders like Mr. E Peddi Reddy formed a new party called Nava Telangana Praja Party.[46]
On 9 October 2008, in a historical turnaround from its 26-year history TDP announced its support for the creation of Telengana.[47]
[edit] Symbolic declaration of statehood
The Nava Telangana Party, led by the former home minister of Andhra Pradesh, T Devender Goud, declared Telangana as a separate province within India on November 2, 2008. Konda Laxman Bapuji announced that "We solemnly declare statehood for Telangana on November 2, 2008." Goud released ten pigeons in the air symbolising the ten districts of the region, while he also unfurled the national flag on the occasion. Along with his party activists he was later arrested when they tried to barge into the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat to change the name plate from Andhra Pradesh to Telangana. A scuffle then followed between the police and the NTP workers before the party workers were taken to the Chikkadapalli police station. Other NTP workers soon descended on the scene and staged a dharna to protest against the arrest.[48]
[edit] 2009 and later
In February 2009, state government declared that it had no objection, in principle, to the formation of separate Telangana and that the time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolve issues related to it the government constituted joint house committee.[49]
Ahead of the 2009 General Elections in India all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported the formation of Telangana.[50] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) again announced their policy of having smaller states and would create two states, Telangana and Gorkhaland, if they won the election.[51]. The Congress Party still says it is committed to Telangana statehood,[52] but claims Muslim minorities are opposed to creation of separate state along with majority of people. Some analysts, however, feel that the "Muslim reluctance card" has been very smartly played by Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, who is staunchly opposed to the formation of the new state.[53][54]
The Telugu Desam Party(TDP) has promised to work for Telangana statehood. Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) joined a Mahakutami (or grand alliance) with TDP and left parties to defeat the Congress party for denying statehood for Telangana.[55][56][57]
The Praja Rajyam Party (PRP), newly founded by film star Chiranjeevi, supported Telangana statehood prior to elections, but later changed its stance.[58] Nava Telangana Party merged with PRP after it realized that there is not enough political space for two sub-regional Telangana parties with Telananga statehood as main agenda.[59][60]
Several political parties, including some Telangana congress leaders, criticized Chief Minister, Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR), when he changed his stand from pro-Telangana and gave anti-Telangana statements after the polls.[61][62][63]
Congress returned to power both at center and state.
In September 2009, Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR) died in a chopper crash while flying in bad weather.[64]
In the first week of Dec 2009, the TRS president, K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) started a fast-unto-death demanding that the Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in the Parliament.[65][66][67][68][69] Student organizations, employee unions and various organizations joined the movement. Over 40 people committed suicide in support of Telangana state.[70][71] [72] Telangana strikes shut down Telangana on Dec 6th and 7th.[73] Student organizations planned a massive rally at the state Assembly on Dec 10th. Government warned that the rally did not have permission and deployed police troops though out Telangana. [74] The apparent decline in KCR's health led to a sense of urgency to take a decision on the issue of Telangana statehood. [75] [76]
[edit] Proposed Telangana State Formation Process
On Dec 9th 2009, 11:30 PM, Mr. P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs announced that Indian government will start the process of forming a separate Telangana state upon introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly.[77] KCR ending his 11 day fast said from his hospital bed that this a true victory of the people of Telangana. Constitution does not require Assembly resolutions to create a new state.[78]. Article 3 of constitution says "..the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired."[79] Telangana celebrated the central government decision while non-Telangana regions of Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions (Andhra region) protested.[80][81]
A majority of Andhra Pradesh's legislature submitted their resignations protest the separation of Telangana.[82] As of 16 December, at least 147 legislators (including Praja Rajyam Founder Chiranjeevi[83]) and many Members of Parliament had resigned in protest of the Government's decision to carve out a new state of Telangana. 22 Ministers form the State Cabinet have submitted their resignation.[84] All of the Legislators/MPs' resigned belong to Andhra (Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema) region.[85] [86]
On Dec 16, media reports confirmed that there is split in Praja Rajyam Party (PRP) over Telangana issue, with its leader Chiranjeevi as well as 16/18 party MLAs opposing the division of Andhra Pradesh, while Telangana leaders in the party are unhappy with the shift in the party's views.[87][88][89]
However on December 23rd 2009, the Government of India announced that no action on Telangana will be taken until a consensus is reached by all parties. The band call given by TRS for 24th Dec '09 stalled the economy in the region. A JAC (Joint Action Committee)has been formed with pro-Telangana separation members of major political parties. There have been reports that the JAC lacks unity and that there is infighting within the organization.[90][91][92] All Andhra (Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema) region MLAs started withdrawing resignations, while all of the Telangana MLAs and ministers started resignations demanding immediate steps to be taken by the Centre to initiate the process of Telangana formation. [93] [94]
[edit] Geography
Of the 4 regions of the state, Telangana has the largest area, with 1,14,800 km2, yet much of the land is arid and rocky, lacks access to fresh water, and is not nearly as fertile as the agriculturally rich coastal region. The Telangana plateau is drained by two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. The entire region is divided into two main regions namely ghats and peneplains. The surface is dotted with low depressions.
[edit] Irrigation
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Telangana region Andhra Pradesh is situated in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. The river Godavari is flowing on the North and the river Krishna is flowing on the South. Apart from the major rivers, there are other small rivers such as Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.
[edit] Demography
9 out of 10 districts in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh are recogized by the Government of India as Backward [95]. According to the Backword Regions Grant Fund 2009-10, 13 districts are located in Andhra Pradesh, 9 are from Telangana and the rest from other regions[96].
[edit] Culture and Identity
Telangana has its own distinctive culture and identity. Most prominent is the Hyderabadi Culture also called Deccan Culture.[97] [98] Telugu language spoken here has evolved into a new dialect with a liberal mixture of words from Urdu. Telugu language is the major language spoken while Hindi is spoken by people from other states of North India and Central India like Gujarat and Maharashtra. Telugu language and English language are official languages of the region.
Festivals: Diwali, Dassera, Eid-ul-Fitr and Ugadi are prominent festivals in Telangana. The region celebrates distinctive festivals like Bathukamma, and Bonalu. The other festivals of Hindu and Muslims such as Holi, Rakhi and Moharram are also celebrated with equal enthusiasm as in northern India. The national festival Sankranti is also celebrated in the beginning of harvest season on 14 January every year.
[edit] Places of interest
- Hyderabad
- Hyderabad *Icon
- Charminar - the iconic 400 year-old landmark of Hyderabad, featuring four graceful minarets.
- Falaknuma Palace - Built by Nawab Viqar al-Umra', a beautiful and stunning piece of architecture.
- Golconda Fort - located on the outskirts of the city, Golconda Fort is one of the most magnificent fortress complexes in India.
- Salar Jung Museum - houses the largest one-man collection of antiques in the world.
- Makkah Masjid - a stone-built mosque, one of the largest in India, located next to the Charminar.
- Birla Mandir - An elaborate white marble temple with majestic views of the city and the Husain Sagar (lake).
- Birla Planetarium - located in the heart of the city on the panoramic hillock of Nawbat Pahad.
- Husain Sagar - man-made lake that separates the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
- Durgam Cheruvu - A beautiful lake near HI-TEC city.
- Chilkur Balaji Temple, also known as Visa Balaji Temple
- Osman Sagar, also known as Gandipet, is a lake near the city.
- Purani Haveli - The former official residence of the Nizam.
- Sanghi Temple - A temple dedicated to Venkateshwara which graces a promontory overlooking Sanghi Nagar.
- Mahankali Temple - A temple located near Secunderabad Railway station, Famous for Bonalu Fest in Hyderabad.
- Snow World - An amusement park which enables citizens of this tropical city to experience very low temperatures and snow
- Madhapur - Home to the IT world of Hyderabad.
- Nagarjuna sagar on krishna river in Nalgonda district
- Sreeramsagar project on Godavari river in Nizamabad district
- Beechupally (Sri Anjaneya Swamy Temple)
- Alampoor (one of the eighteen shaktipeetams)
- Warangal, capital city of Kakatiyas
- Warangal Fort, Built by Kakatiyas between 11-12th centuries
- Warangal - Bhadrakali Temple, and Thousand Pillared Temples, These two temples built by Kakatiyas are visited by People from all over AP
- Warangal - Ramappa Temple, Famous for its brilliant Kakatiya art
- Warangal - Pakhal Lake, A man-made lake built in 1213 by the Kakatiya king, Ganapathideva, by harnessing a small tributary of the Krishna River. It is located 50 km from Warangal and spreads over an area of 30 km.
- Basara Saraswathi Temple, a temple of Saraswati, one of the two temples in India, which is located in Adilabad Dist Temple Web site
- National forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pakhala, Eturunagaram, Pranahitha, Kinnerasani, kawal, Pocharam
- Anathagiri Forest - Famous for Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy located on Ananthagiri Hills Temple website (Vikarabad - 70 km from Hyderabad)
- Medak: Famous for out standing church & Medak khila
- Pillala Marri: A big tree which is spread across 5 acres in Mahaboob Nagar district
- Bhadrachalam: Famous for Lord Rama Temple
- Bhongir fort:Famous single stone hill with fort , 45 km from Hyderabad (Wgl-Hyd highway)
- Yadagirigutta: Famous Laxmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, 50 km from Hyderabad (Wgl-Hyd highway)
- Kaleshwaram : 130 km from Karimnagar
- Dharmapuri : On the banks of River Godavari, 78 km from Karimnagar, is the 15th century temple town of Dharmapuri.
- Nagunur Fort : The village of Nagunur is just about 8 km from Karimnagar Town.
- Dhulikatta : 20 km from Karimnagar is Dhulikatta an important Buddhist spot visited by monks from all over the world.
- Kondagattu :About 35 km from Karimnagar is this breathtaking temple of Lord Anjaneya Swamy. Apart from the temple, the fort of Kondalaraya & Bojjapotana caves are worth seeing at Kondagattu.
- Molangoor Quilla : 30 km from Karimnagar, strategically located on summit of a big isolated granite hill, this fort was built by the Kakathiyas.
- Manthani : is an extremely ancient center for Vedic teachings. It is located on the banks of River Godavari, and at a distance of 70 kilometers from Karimnagar.
- Vemulawada - Rajarajeshawara Temple: Located 38 km from Karimnagar
- Uma Maheshwaram - About 120 km from Hyderabad on Srisailam highway. It is the North Entrance for Sri Sailam Mallikarjuna swamy temple. It is famous for its shiva temple.
- Gadwal Fort, Gadwal is built around a fort built by the Gadwal ruler somanadri
- Priyadarshini Jurala Project,near to Gadwal built on river Krishna.
- Gudem, The famous temple of Shri Satyanarayana swamy which is on the bank of Godavari river in Adilabad dist. Near about 35-40 KM from Mancherial Town.
- Karemari guttalu, A famous Unknown and un developed hills which need a lime light to attract tourists.Located in adilabad dist.
- kuntala water falls located in adilabad dist
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/13/stories/2009121359870800.htm
- ^ No consensus, so no Telangana now: Centre
- ^ Mulki agitation in Hyderabad state
- ^ Fasting Sriramulu passes away
- ^ Andhra State formed
- ^ Hyderabad CM's Views on merger
- ^ Reorganisation, then and now
- ^ Andhra Pradesh to be formed with safeguards to Telangana
- ^ Andhra Pradesh formed
- ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2318/stories/20060922003303400.htm
- ^ "India - Regionalism - Telangana". US Library of Congress. September 1995. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0075). Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Sonia urged to back demand for separate Telangana". The Hindu. 2000-08-12. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/08/12/stories/0412201q.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "MLAs not to meet PM, Advani on Telangana". The Hindu. 2000-09-21. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/09/21/stories/02210008.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Cong. Forum warns of 'direct action'". The Hindu. 2001-05-15. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/15/stories/04152013.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "'Only Cong. can get separate Telangana'". The Hindu. 2001-05-20. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/20/stories/0420201h.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "'25 Cong. MLAs pledge support for Telangana'". The Hindu. 2001-06-05. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/05/stories/04052011.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ^ Amin Jafri, Syed (2001-05-17). "Massive rally demands Telangana state". rediff.com. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2001/may/17ap1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana finds a new man and moment". The Hindu. 2001-05-19. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/19/stories/0419201x.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Chandrakanth, W (2002-12-15). "Statehood for Telangana on Cong. agenda: TCLF". Sothern States (The Hindu). http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/15/stories/2002121502710400.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ http://www.telangana.org/Papers.asp
- ^ Still seeking justice(30min video)
- ^ http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/std_pattrnAP.pdf
- ^ "Controversy over SRC blows over". Andhra Pradesh (The Hindu). 2004-03-05. http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/05/stories/2004030505830600.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Common Minimum Programme of the Congress led United Progressive Alliance". Indian National Congress. May 2004. http://www.aicc.org.in/common-minimum-programme.php. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Sub-committee to look into demand for Telangana". The Hindu. 2004-11-27. http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/27/stories/2004112706820101.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Amin Jafri, Syed (2006-09-09). "'Take steps for separate Telangana'". rediff.com. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/09telang.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "TRS withdraws support to UPA govt". rediff.com. 2006-09-23. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/23trs1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Chandrakanth, W (2006-12-08). "TRS chief retains Karimnagar seat". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/08/stories/2006120818270100.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Congress leaders to visit Delhi". The Hindu. 2008-01-07. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010763900100.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "TRS sets deadline till March 6". Andhra Pradesh (The Hindu). 2008-01-17. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/17/stories/2008011753280600.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Congress leaders talk tough". The Hindu. 2008-01-19. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/19/stories/2008011956750400.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ 4 TRS members quit Lok Sabha
- ^ 16 TRS MLAs, 3 MLCs resign
- ^ Cong, TDP say Jai Telangana
- ^ PCC chief confident about Congress win
- ^ TRS will lose in all 16 constituencies: Srinivas
- ^ Sentiment won't be diluted if TRS seats decline: YSR
- ^ Party's stand on Telangana clear: YSR
- ^ Teach the betrayers a fitting lesson, says Naidu
- ^ Naidu launches campaign in Karimnagar
- ^ CPI differs with CPI(M) on forging of alliances
- ^ Congress not against Telangana: Nirmal MLA
- ^ Bypolls not related to Telangana: Jeevan Reddy
- ^ Telangana result: Congress upbeat
- ^ Devender Goud quits Telugu Desam Party
- ^ Devendra Goud's outfit is Nava Telangana Praja Party
- ^ TDP announces support to creation of Telangana state
- ^ http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Goud-declares-Telangana-separate-state/380654/
- ^ Telangana: YSR moots joint panel
- ^ Why it is Telangana that holds the key?
- ^ The Hindu article on BJP's policy of creating more states
- ^ Congress: Grand Alliance has no credibility on Telangana
- ^ Minorities opposed to creation of Telangana: YSR
- ^ YSR using minority card to stop Telangana
- ^ TDP promise T-State
- ^ CPI for T-State
- ^ Vote out Congress: KCR
- ^ BBC News
- ^ NTP merges with PRP
- ^ PRP for T-state
- ^ YSR provoking rayalaseema people against Telangana after first phase of elections'09(youtube video in telugu)
- ^ YSR asks voters to be wary of TRS
- ^ YSR's remarks on Telangana touch off political row
- ^ Andhra Pradesh CM YSR Reddy dead in chopper crash
- ^ KCR to launch fast on Nov. 29
- ^ KCR arrest ahead of his proposed indefinite hunger strike
- ^ TRS activist attempts self- immolation, critical
- ^ Government forcibly administers saline to end KCR's fast
- ^ KCR protest confuses miners
- ^ OU turns hotspot of students' angst
- ^ Colleges in Telangana closed for 15 days
- ^ Constable shoots himself, dies
- ^ Telangana bandh total on first day
- ^ Thousands of Indian police deployed for Hyderabad rally
- ^ BJP forces Rajya Sabha adjournment on Telangana issue
- ^ Parliament concerned over KCR health
- ^ "Centre agrees to form Telangana state". Business Standard. 10 December 2009. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/centre-agrees-to-form-telangana-state/379142/. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ Constitution of India
- ^ Assembly views not binding
- ^ It is freedom at midnight
- ^ AP: Non-Telangana areas erupt in protests
- ^ Press Trust of India (December 10, 2009). "60 AP MLAs submit resignation to protest Telangana creation". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/60-ap-mlas-submit-resignation-to-protest-telangana-creation/80453/on. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/chiranjeevi-to-quit-assembly-for-united-andhra_100290485.html
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126088048083191981.html
- ^ Chaos engulfs Andhra, MLAs continue to quit
- ^ Protests and resignations in Andhra
- ^ Chiranjeevi quits as MLA for united Andhra Pradesh
- ^ Chiranjeevi faces student wrath
- ^ Chiranjeevi's party heading for split over Telangana
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/27/stories/2009122759910800.htm
- ^ http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/no-consensus-yettelangana-issue-chidambaram_432383.html
- ^ TDP joins JAC
- ^ Telangana crisis: 13 AP ministers resign, send letter to Sonia
- ^ MLAs from Telangana resign
- ^ http://brgf.gov.in/brgfdistricts.html
- ^ http://brgf.gov.in/brgfdistricts.asp
- ^ Hyderabadi Culture
- ^ Hyderabadi Cultural Spirit
[edit] External links
- Telanaga movement article in US Library of Congress
- Official history of AP on AP government website
- Plannnig Commission Document: Regional Balances in AP
- Video(30 minutes): Still Seeking Justice - A documentary on Telangana(need of separate Telangana)
- Information about Telangana
- Some research papers by Telangana proponents
- Separate Telangana Movement: Territorial Versus Democratic
- State reorganization committee reports at wiki
- Telangana rebellion and lessons from it by Puchhalapally Sundara Raamaiah.
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Telangana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| | Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (December 2009) |
| | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
Telangana or Telengana (Telugu: తెలంగాణ) is a region of Andhra Pradesh state in India. The name means "land of Telugus". It is comprised of the Telugu speaking parts of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad. The region lies on the Deccan plateau to the west of the Eastern Ghats range, and includes the northwestern interior districts of Warangal, Adilabad, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, and the state capital, Hyderabad. The Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
On December 9, 2009, the Government of India announced that the process for the formation of Telangana state will be initiated upon introduction and passage of a separation statement by the state assembly of AP.[1] However, on December 23, 2009, the Government of India announced that the issue of a new state will be addressed only after a consensus is reached, thus effectively putting the formation of the new state in abeyance.[2]
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
The Telangana region is believed to have been mentioned in the Mahabharata as the Telinga Kingdom[citation needed] which said to be inhabited by the tribe known as Telavana and said to have fought on the Pandava side in the great war of Mahabharata. It is also evident from the fact that there is Pandavula Guhalu in Warangal district (where the Pandavas spent their life in exile (Lakkha Gruham).[citation needed]
And, in Treta yuga, it is believed that Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, spent their life in exile at Parnashala on the banks of Godavari river which is about 25 km from Bhadrachalam in Khammam District which falls in the Telangana region.
Telangana region has been heartland for many great dynasties like Sathavahanas, Kakatiyas. Kotilingala in Karimnagar was the first capital of the Sathavahanas before Dharanikota. Excavations at Kotilingala revealed coinage of Simukha, a Satavahana emperor.
The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiyas, a great Telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323. Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Cholas in the year 1210 who accepted his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion that stretched from the Godavari delta and Anakapalle in the east to Raichur (in modern day Karnataka) in the west and from Karimnagar & Bastar (in modern day Chattisgarh) in the north to Srisailam & Tripurantakam, near Ongole in the south. It was also during his reign that the Golkonda fort was first constructed by the Kakatiyas.
Telangana, then came under Muslim rule in 14th century for the first time by Delhi Sultanate followed by Bahmanis, Qutb Shahis and Mughals. As the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate in the early 18th century, the Muslim Asafjahi dynasty established a separate state known as Hyderabad. Later Hyderabad entered into a treaty of subsidiary alliance with the British Empire, and was the largest and most populous princely state in India. Telangana was never under direct British rule, unlike Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of British India's Madras Presidency.
[edit] Post-independence history
When India became independent from the British Empire, the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence, but the Government of India amalgamated his state by force on September 17, 1948; after executing Operation Polo by the Indian Army. When India became independent, the Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts; 9 of them in the Telangana region of Nizam's Dominions (Hyderabad State), 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra region) and one in French-controlled Yanam. A Communist led peasant revolt started in 1946, lasted until 1951.
The central government appointed a civil servant, Keralite, Vellodi Narayana Menon K as Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26 January, 1950. He administered the state with the help of beaurocrats from Madras state and Bombay state. In 1952, Telangana had tasted democracy for the first time when it participated in general elections and elected Dr.Burgula Ramakrishna Rao as the Chief minister of Hyderabad State. The Telugu speaking people in Madras state(Andhra region), which was part of British India), enjoyed some form of democracy since 1920. During this time there was violent mulki agitation by Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state and to implement Mulki rules strictly.[3]
Meanwhile, Telugu speaking areas (Andhra region), were carved out of an erstwhile Madras state by popular agitation by legendary leaders like Potti Sri Ramulu to create the separate and unified Andhra State in 1953.[1][4][5]
[edit] Merger of Telangana and Andhra
| | This article may be inaccurate in or unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2009) |
In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. The States Reorganization Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state, despite the common language between the two.
Para 382 of States Reorganization Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly in favour of the larger unit, public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of Telangana to take a decision about their future". Telanganas had several concerns. The region had a less developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which Telanganas feared might be diverted for use in Andhra. They also feared that planned dam projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately even though Telanganas controlled the headwaters of the rivers. Telanganas feared too that the people of Andhra who had access to higher education, would have the advantage in government and educational jobs.
The commission proposed that the Telangana region be constituted as a separate state with a provision for unification with Andhra state, after the 1961 general elections, if a resolution could be passed in the Telangana state assembly with two-third majority.
Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao strongly believed majority of Telangana people were against the merger.[6]
Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially ridiculed the idea of merging Telangana with the Andhra State, fearing a "tint of expansionist imperialism" in it. Later, he compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having "provisions for divorce" if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.[7]
However, following the "Gentlemen's agreement, the central government, established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956 [2][8][9]. The agreement provided reassurances to both parties in terms of power sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.
[edit] Separate Telangana state movement
[edit] 1969 Movement
In the following years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, however, Telangana people had a number of complaints about how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent with the 1956 Gentleman's agreement intensified in January 1969 when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Osmania University in Hyderabad and spread to other parts of the region. Government employees and opposition members of the state legislative assembly swiftly threatened "direct action" in support of the students. This movement, also known as Telangana movement, led to widespread violence and deaths of hundreds of people including 360 students. [10]
Although the Congress faced some dissension within its ranks, its leadership stood against additional linguistic states, which were regarded as "anti-national." As a result, defectors from the Congress, led by M. Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana People's Association (Telangana Praja Samithi). Despite electoral successes, however, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation in September 1971 and, much to the disgust of many separatists, rejoined the safer political haven of the Congress ranks. Still some of the extremist leaders who were not the Congress men remained in the cause. The non Congress men formed the STPS (Samyukta Telangana Praja Samiti) Leader include, Badri Vishal Pitti, Sada Laxmi, Konda Laxman etc. under leadership of Sridhar Reddy, student leader.
In the year 1972, all candidates belonging to STPS under the leadership of M Sridhar Reddy contested the assembly elections, however, only Mr Thakkalapalli Purushotham Rao got elected from Wardhannapet constituency of Warangal District and rest were defeated. In 1969, Mr Purushotham Rao unveiled Telangana map in the state assembly.[11]
In 1969, when the Hindi blockbuster Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke was released, Telangana people could be seen carrying posters with the slogan "Aya Telangana Jhoom Ke [Telangana has come up]" with great fanfare.
[edit] Movement in 1990-2004
The emotions and forces generated by the movement were not strong enough, however, for a continuing drive for a separate state until 1990s when Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), promised a separate Telangana state if they came to power. BJP created Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarkhand states in year 2000 as promised. But the BJP could not create a separate Telangana state because of the opposition from its coalition partner, Telugu Desam Party. These developments brought new life into the separatist Telangana movement by year 2000. Congress party MLAs from the Telangana region, supported a separate Telangana state and formed the Telangana Congress Legislators Forum.[12][13][14][15][16] In another development, a new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (or TRS) was formed with the single point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state, with Hyderabad as its capital lead by Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao popularly known as KCR.[17][18][19]
Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel all the agreements, accords, formulas, plans and assurances on the floor of legislature and Lok Sabha, in last 50+ years, could not be honoured and Telangana was forced to remain neglected, exploited and backward. The experiment to remain as one state proved to be a futile exercise and therefore, separation is found to be the best solution.[20][21][22]
[edit] 2004 and later
In 2004, for Assembly and Parliament elections, the Congress party and the TRS had an electoral alliance in the Telangana region with the promise of a separate Telangana State.[23] Congress came to power in the state and formed a coalition government at the centre. TRS joined the coalition government in 2004 and was successful in making a separate Telangana state a part of the common minimum program (CMP) of the coalition government.[24] In September 2006 TRS withdrew support for the Congress led coalition government at the centre on the grounds of indecision by the government over the delivery of its electoral promise to create Telangana.[25][26][27]
In December 2006, the TRS won the by-election to the Karimnagar parliamentary constituency with a record margin.[28]
There was pressure on the Congress party to create a Telangana state in 2008.[29][30][31]
All TRS legislators in Parliament and in State (4MPs, 16MLAs, 3MLCs) resigned in the 1st week of March 2008 and forced by-elections to increase the pressure on Congress party, and to intensify the movement.[32][33]
By-elections for the 16 MLA seats, 4 MP seats were held May 29, 2008. During the election campaign, the TRS party said it is a referendum on a Telangana state but both Congress and TDP parties said it is not a referendum on Telangana and also said that they are not opposed to the formation of Telangana state.[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] To the disappointment of Telangana proponents, the TRS retained only 7 out of 16 MLA seats and 2 out of 4 MP seats after the by-elections.[44]
In June 2008, Devender Goud, who is considered number two in the TDP, a politbureau member and Deputy Leader of the Telugu Desam Legislature Party, resigned from the party saying he would devote his time and energy to the formation of a separate Teelangana state.[45] In July 2008, Mr Goud along with some other leaders like Mr. E Peddi Reddy formed a new party called Nava Telangana Praja Party.[46]
On 9 October 2008, in a historical turnaround from its 26-year history TDP announced its support for the creation of Telengana.[47]
[edit] Symbolic declaration of statehood
The Nava Telangana Party, led by the former home minister of Andhra Pradesh, T Devender Goud, declared Telangana as a separate province within India on November 2, 2008. Konda Laxman Bapuji announced that "We solemnly declare statehood for Telangana on November 2, 2008." Goud released ten pigeons in the air symbolising the ten districts of the region, while he also unfurled the national flag on the occasion. Along with his party activists he was later arrested when they tried to barge into the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat to change the name plate from Andhra Pradesh to Telangana. A scuffle then followed between the police and the NTP workers before the party workers were taken to the Chikkadapalli police station. Other NTP workers soon descended on the scene and staged a dharna to protest against the arrest.[48]
[edit] 2009 and later
In February 2009, state government declared that it had no objection, in principle, to the formation of separate Telangana and that the time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolve issues related to it the government constituted joint house committee.[49]
Ahead of the 2009 General Elections in India all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported the formation of Telangana.[50] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) again announced their policy of having smaller states and would create two states, Telangana and Gorkhaland, if they won the election.[51]. The Congress Party still says it is committed to Telangana statehood,[52] but claims Muslim minorities are opposed to creation of separate state along with majority of people. Some analysts, however, feel that the "Muslim reluctance card" has been very smartly played by Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, who is staunchly opposed to the formation of the new state.[53][54]
The Telugu Desam Party(TDP) has promised to work for Telangana statehood. Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) joined a Mahakutami (or grand alliance) with TDP and left parties to defeat the Congress party for denying statehood for Telangana.[55][56][57]
The Praja Rajyam Party (PRP), newly founded by film star Chiranjeevi, supported Telangana statehood prior to elections, but later changed its stance.[58] Nava Telangana Party merged with PRP after it realized that there is not enough political space for two sub-regional Telangana parties with Telananga statehood as main agenda.[59][60]
Several political parties, including some Telangana congress leaders, criticized Chief Minister, Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR), when he changed his stand from pro-Telangana and gave anti-Telangana statements after the polls.[61][62][63]
Congress returned to power both at center and state.
In September 2009, Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR) died in a chopper crash while flying in bad weather.[64]
In the first week of Dec 2009, the TRS president, K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) started a fast-unto-death demanding that the Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in the Parliament.[65][66][67][68][69] Student organizations, employee unions and various organizations joined the movement. Over 40 people committed suicide in support of Telangana state.[70][71] [72] Telangana strikes shut down Telangana on Dec 6th and 7th.[73] Student organizations planned a massive rally at the state Assembly on Dec 10th. Government warned that the rally did not have permission and deployed police troops though out Telangana. [74] The apparent decline in KCR's health led to a sense of urgency to take a decision on the issue of Telangana statehood. [75] [76]
[edit] Proposed Telangana State Formation Process
On Dec 9th 2009, 11:30 PM, Mr. P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs announced that Indian government will start the process of forming a separate Telangana state upon introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly.[77] KCR ending his 11 day fast said from his hospital bed that this a true victory of the people of Telangana. Constitution does not require Assembly resolutions to create a new state.[78]. Article 3 of constitution says "..the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired."[79] Telangana celebrated the central government decision while non-Telangana regions of Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions (Andhra region) protested.[80][81]
A majority of Andhra Pradesh's legislature submitted their resignations protest the separation of Telangana.[82] As of 16 December, at least 147 legislators (including Praja Rajyam Founder Chiranjeevi[83]) and many Members of Parliament had resigned in protest of the Government's decision to carve out a new state of Telangana. 22 Ministers form the State Cabinet have submitted their resignation.[84] All of the Legislators/MPs' resigned belong to Andhra (Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema) region.[85] [86]
On Dec 16, media reports confirmed that there is split in Praja Rajyam Party (PRP) over Telangana issue, with its leader Chiranjeevi as well as 16/18 party MLAs opposing the division of Andhra Pradesh, while Telangana leaders in the party are unhappy with the shift in the party's views.[87][88][89]
However on December 23rd 2009, the Government of India announced that no action on Telangana will be taken until a consensus is reached by all parties. The band call given by TRS for 24th Dec '09 stalled the economy in the region. A JAC (Joint Action Committee)has been formed with pro-Telangana separation members of major political parties. There have been reports that the JAC lacks unity and that there is infighting within the organization.[90][91][92] All Andhra (Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema) region MLAs started withdrawing resignations, while all of the Telangana MLAs and ministers started resignations demanding immediate steps to be taken by the Centre to initiate the process of Telangana formation. [93] [94]
[edit] Geography
Of the 4 regions of the state, Telangana has the largest area, with 1,14,800 km2, yet much of the land is arid and rocky, lacks access to fresh water, and is not nearly as fertile as the agriculturally rich coastal region. The Telangana plateau is drained by two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. The entire region is divided into two main regions namely ghats and peneplains. The surface is dotted with low depressions.
[edit] Irrigation
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Telangana region Andhra Pradesh is situated in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. The river Godavari is flowing on the North and the river Krishna is flowing on the South. Apart from the major rivers, there are other small rivers such as Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.
[edit] Demography
9 out of 10 districts in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh are recogized by the Government of India as Backward [95]. According to the Backword Regions Grant Fund 2009-10, 13 districts are located in Andhra Pradesh, 9 are from Telangana and the rest from other regions[96].
[edit] Culture and Identity
Telangana has its own distinctive culture and identity. Most prominent is the Hyderabadi Culture also called Deccan Culture.[97] [98] Telugu language spoken here has evolved into a new dialect with a liberal mixture of words from Urdu. Telugu language is the major language spoken while Hindi is spoken by people from other states of North India and Central India like Gujarat and Maharashtra. Telugu language and English language are official languages of the region.
Festivals: Diwali, Dassera, Eid-ul-Fitr and Ugadi are prominent festivals in Telangana. The region celebrates distinctive festivals like Bathukamma, and Bonalu. The other festivals of Hindu and Muslims such as Holi, Rakhi and Moharram are also celebrated with equal enthusiasm as in northern India. The national festival Sankranti is also celebrated in the beginning of harvest season on 14 January every year.
[edit] Places of interest
- Hyderabad
- Hyderabad *Icon
- Charminar - the iconic 400 year-old landmark of Hyderabad, featuring four graceful minarets.
- Falaknuma Palace - Built by Nawab Viqar al-Umra', a beautiful and stunning piece of architecture.
- Golconda Fort - located on the outskirts of the city, Golconda Fort is one of the most magnificent fortress complexes in India.
- Salar Jung Museum - houses the largest one-man collection of antiques in the world.
- Makkah Masjid - a stone-built mosque, one of the largest in India, located next to the Charminar.
- Birla Mandir - An elaborate white marble temple with majestic views of the city and the Husain Sagar (lake).
- Birla Planetarium - located in the heart of the city on the panoramic hillock of Nawbat Pahad.
- Husain Sagar - man-made lake that separates the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
- Durgam Cheruvu - A beautiful lake near HI-TEC city.
- Chilkur Balaji Temple, also known as Visa Balaji Temple
- Osman Sagar, also known as Gandipet, is a lake near the city.
- Purani Haveli - The former official residence of the Nizam.
- Sanghi Temple - A temple dedicated to Venkateshwara which graces a promontory overlooking Sanghi Nagar.
- Mahankali Temple - A temple located near Secunderabad Railway station, Famous for Bonalu Fest in Hyderabad.
- Snow World - An amusement park which enables citizens of this tropical city to experience very low temperatures and snow
- Madhapur - Home to the IT world of Hyderabad.
- Nagarjuna sagar on krishna river in Nalgonda district
- Sreeramsagar project on Godavari river in Nizamabad district
- Beechupally (Sri Anjaneya Swamy Temple)
- Alampoor (one of the eighteen shaktipeetams)
- Warangal, capital city of Kakatiyas
- Warangal Fort, Built by Kakatiyas between 11-12th centuries
- Warangal - Bhadrakali Temple, and Thousand Pillared Temples, These two temples built by Kakatiyas are visited by People from all over AP
- Warangal - Ramappa Temple, Famous for its brilliant Kakatiya art
- Warangal - Pakhal Lake, A man-made lake built in 1213 by the Kakatiya king, Ganapathideva, by harnessing a small tributary of the Krishna River. It is located 50 km from Warangal and spreads over an area of 30 km.
- Basara Saraswathi Temple, a temple of Saraswati, one of the two temples in India, which is located in Adilabad Dist Temple Web site
- National forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pakhala, Eturunagaram, Pranahitha, Kinnerasani, kawal, Pocharam
- Anathagiri Forest - Famous for Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy located on Ananthagiri Hills Temple website (Vikarabad - 70 km from Hyderabad)
- Medak: Famous for out standing church & Medak khila
- Pillala Marri: A big tree which is spread across 5 acres in Mahaboob Nagar district
- Bhadrachalam: Famous for Lord Rama Temple
- Bhongir fort:Famous single stone hill with fort , 45 km from Hyderabad (Wgl-Hyd highway)
- Yadagirigutta: Famous Laxmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, 50 km from Hyderabad (Wgl-Hyd highway)
- Kaleshwaram : 130 km from Karimnagar
- Dharmapuri : On the banks of River Godavari, 78 km from Karimnagar, is the 15th century temple town of Dharmapuri.
- Nagunur Fort : The village of Nagunur is just about 8 km from Karimnagar Town.
- Dhulikatta : 20 km from Karimnagar is Dhulikatta an important Buddhist spot visited by monks from all over the world.
- Kondagattu :About 35 km from Karimnagar is this breathtaking temple of Lord Anjaneya Swamy. Apart from the temple, the fort of Kondalaraya & Bojjapotana caves are worth seeing at Kondagattu.
- Molangoor Quilla : 30 km from Karimnagar, strategically located on summit of a big isolated granite hill, this fort was built by the Kakathiyas.
- Manthani : is an extremely ancient center for Vedic teachings. It is located on the banks of River Godavari, and at a distance of 70 kilometers from Karimnagar.
- Vemulawada - Rajarajeshawara Temple: Located 38 km from Karimnagar
- Uma Maheshwaram - About 120 km from Hyderabad on Srisailam highway. It is the North Entrance for Sri Sailam Mallikarjuna swamy temple. It is famous for its shiva temple.
- Gadwal Fort, Gadwal is built around a fort built by the Gadwal ruler somanadri
- Priyadarshini Jurala Project,near to Gadwal built on river Krishna.
- Gudem, The famous temple of Shri Satyanarayana swamy which is on the bank of Godavari river in Adilabad dist. Near about 35-40 KM from Mancherial Town.
- Karemari guttalu, A famous Unknown and un developed hills which need a lime light to attract tourists.Located in adilabad dist.
- kuntala water falls located in adilabad dist
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/13/stories/2009121359870800.htm
- ^ No consensus, so no Telangana now: Centre
- ^ Mulki agitation in Hyderabad state
- ^ Fasting Sriramulu passes away
- ^ Andhra State formed
- ^ Hyderabad CM's Views on merger
- ^ Reorganisation, then and now
- ^ Andhra Pradesh to be formed with safeguards to Telangana
- ^ Andhra Pradesh formed
- ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2318/stories/20060922003303400.htm
- ^ "India - Regionalism - Telangana". US Library of Congress. September 1995. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0075). Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Sonia urged to back demand for separate Telangana". The Hindu. 2000-08-12. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/08/12/stories/0412201q.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "MLAs not to meet PM, Advani on Telangana". The Hindu. 2000-09-21. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/09/21/stories/02210008.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Cong. Forum warns of 'direct action'". The Hindu. 2001-05-15. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/15/stories/04152013.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "'Only Cong. can get separate Telangana'". The Hindu. 2001-05-20. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/20/stories/0420201h.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "'25 Cong. MLAs pledge support for Telangana'". The Hindu. 2001-06-05. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/05/stories/04052011.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ^ Amin Jafri, Syed (2001-05-17). "Massive rally demands Telangana state". rediff.com. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2001/may/17ap1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana finds a new man and moment". The Hindu. 2001-05-19. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/19/stories/0419201x.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Chandrakanth, W (2002-12-15). "Statehood for Telangana on Cong. agenda: TCLF". Sothern States (The Hindu). http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/15/stories/2002121502710400.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ http://www.telangana.org/Papers.asp
- ^ Still seeking justice(30min video)
- ^ http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/std_pattrnAP.pdf
- ^ "Controversy over SRC blows over". Andhra Pradesh (The Hindu). 2004-03-05. http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/05/stories/2004030505830600.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Common Minimum Programme of the Congress led United Progressive Alliance". Indian National Congress. May 2004. http://www.aicc.org.in/common-minimum-programme.php. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Sub-committee to look into demand for Telangana". The Hindu. 2004-11-27. http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/27/stories/2004112706820101.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Amin Jafri, Syed (2006-09-09). "'Take steps for separate Telangana'". rediff.com. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/09telang.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "TRS withdraws support to UPA govt". rediff.com. 2006-09-23. http://ia.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/23trs1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Chandrakanth, W (2006-12-08). "TRS chief retains Karimnagar seat". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/08/stories/2006120818270100.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Congress leaders to visit Delhi". The Hindu. 2008-01-07. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010763900100.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "TRS sets deadline till March 6". Andhra Pradesh (The Hindu). 2008-01-17. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/17/stories/2008011753280600.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Telangana Congress leaders talk tough". The Hindu. 2008-01-19. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/19/stories/2008011956750400.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ 4 TRS members quit Lok Sabha
- ^ 16 TRS MLAs, 3 MLCs resign
- ^ Cong, TDP say Jai Telangana
- ^ PCC chief confident about Congress win
- ^ TRS will lose in all 16 constituencies: Srinivas
- ^ Sentiment won't be diluted if TRS seats decline: YSR
- ^ Party's stand on Telangana clear: YSR
- ^ Teach the betrayers a fitting lesson, says Naidu
- ^ Naidu launches campaign in Karimnagar
- ^ CPI differs with CPI(M) on forging of alliances
- ^ Congress not against Telangana: Nirmal MLA
- ^ Bypolls not related to Telangana: Jeevan Reddy
- ^ Telangana result: Congress upbeat
- ^ Devender Goud quits Telugu Desam Party
- ^ Devendra Goud's outfit is Nava Telangana Praja Party
- ^ TDP announces support to creation of Telangana state
- ^ http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Goud-declares-Telangana-separate-state/380654/
- ^ Telangana: YSR moots joint panel
- ^ Why it is Telangana that holds the key?
- ^ The Hindu article on BJP's policy of creating more states
- ^ Congress: Grand Alliance has no credibility on Telangana
- ^ Minorities opposed to creation of Telangana: YSR
- ^ YSR using minority card to stop Telangana
- ^ TDP promise T-State
- ^ CPI for T-State
- ^ Vote out Congress: KCR
- ^ BBC News
- ^ NTP merges with PRP
- ^ PRP for T-state
- ^ YSR provoking rayalaseema people against Telangana after first phase of elections'09(youtube video in telugu)
- ^ YSR asks voters to be wary of TRS
- ^ YSR's remarks on Telangana touch off political row
- ^ Andhra Pradesh CM YSR Reddy dead in chopper crash
- ^ KCR to launch fast on Nov. 29
- ^ KCR arrest ahead of his proposed indefinite hunger strike
- ^ TRS activist attempts self- immolation, critical
- ^ Government forcibly administers saline to end KCR's fast
- ^ KCR protest confuses miners
- ^ OU turns hotspot of students' angst
- ^ Colleges in Telangana closed for 15 days
- ^ Constable shoots himself, dies
- ^ Telangana bandh total on first day
- ^ Thousands of Indian police deployed for Hyderabad rally
- ^ BJP forces Rajya Sabha adjournment on Telangana issue
- ^ Parliament concerned over KCR health
- ^ "Centre agrees to form Telangana state". Business Standard. 10 December 2009. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/centre-agrees-to-form-telangana-state/379142/. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ Constitution of India
- ^ Assembly views not binding
- ^ It is freedom at midnight
- ^ AP: Non-Telangana areas erupt in protests
- ^ Press Trust of India (December 10, 2009). "60 AP MLAs submit resignation to protest Telangana creation". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/60-ap-mlas-submit-resignation-to-protest-telangana-creation/80453/on. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/chiranjeevi-to-quit-assembly-for-united-andhra_100290485.html
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126088048083191981.html
- ^ Chaos engulfs Andhra, MLAs continue to quit
- ^ Protests and resignations in Andhra
- ^ Chiranjeevi quits as MLA for united Andhra Pradesh
- ^ Chiranjeevi faces student wrath
- ^ Chiranjeevi's party heading for split over Telangana
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/27/stories/2009122759910800.htm
- ^ http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/no-consensus-yettelangana-issue-chidambaram_432383.html
- ^ TDP joins JAC
- ^ Telangana crisis: 13 AP ministers resign, send letter to Sonia
- ^ MLAs from Telangana resign
- ^ http://brgf.gov.in/brgfdistricts.html
- ^ http://brgf.gov.in/brgfdistricts.asp
- ^ Hyderabadi Culture
- ^ Hyderabadi Cultural Spirit
[edit] External links
- Telanaga movement article in US Library of Congress
- Official history of AP on AP government website
- Plannnig Commission Document: Regional Balances in AP
- Video(30 minutes): Still Seeking Justice - A documentary on Telangana(need of separate Telangana)
- Information about Telangana
- Some research papers by Telangana proponents
- Separate Telangana Movement: Territorial Versus Democratic
- State reorganization committee reports at wiki
- Telangana rebellion and lessons from it by Puchhalapally Sundara Raamaiah.
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Telangana agitation intensifies, thousands protest on streets ...
29 Dec 2009 ... Hyderabad, Dec 29 (IANS) The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified Tuesday as thousands of people ...
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Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Osmania .... declared Telangana as a separate province within India on November 2, 2008. ...
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The Telangana agitation started in the first week of January 1969 in Khammam when students demanded the implementation of the Telangana safeguards ...
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Thaindian.comTelangana agitation intensifies, thousands protest on streets - 28 minutes ago
The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified on Tuesday as thousands of people from all walks of life came on to the ...Hindustan Times - 148 related articles »
Telangana ministers in Delhi, Pranab asks them to withdraw ... - Hindustan Times - 319 related articles »Telangana leaders discuss ways to step up agitation - Daily News & Analysis - 372 related articles » -
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29 Dec 2009 ... Telangana agitation intensifies, thousands protest on streets ... The ongoing agitation for Statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region ...
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Telangana agitation intensifies – Sulekha News
Telangana agitation intensifies News - Hyderabad, Dec 29 (IANS) The ongoing agitation for statehood to Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region intensified Tuesday ...
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30 Dec 2009 ... Investments hit due to Telangana agitation, says Rosaiah ... The ongoing agitation for the Telangana Statehood has had major impact on the ...
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Student groups to continue Telangana agitation
5 Dec 2009 ... Student groups supporting the Telangana statehood movement say they will continue the agitation. "Students will continue the agitation. ...
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29 Dec 2009 ... Plaese support the Telangana Supporters. It is a silent agitation from 1956. In North India there are about three states were formed in ...
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Telangana agitation intensifies, thousands protest on streets (Lead)
29 Dec 2009 ... Telangana agitation intensifies, thousan...Protests, road blockades, rallies, processions, me...Tension continued at Osmania University, ...
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