Global Law to Kill Privacy, Security, Identity, Freedom, Fraternity, Sovereignty,Citizenship and Humanity!
Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - Four Hundred Ninety Five
Palash Biswas
http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/
Global Law to Kill Privacy, Security, Identity, Freedom, Fraternity, Sovereignity,Citizenship and Humanity! We have been writing and speaking on the Expantion of Free Market Democracy with Sovereign Market for so long. global Brahaminical zionsist system is trying its best to make Global Uniform Law to help the Kiler Money Machine and Expediate Economic Ethnic Cleansing. Thus, Citizenship Act and Immigration Act all over the world Modified accordingly as India amended its citizenship Act 1955. Natural Citizenship is abolished everywhere. Biometric Identity is another market frinedly endevour to Annihilate Aboriginal, Indigenous, Minority Balck utouchable Communities. In Bengal, Fifty Six lacs of New Voters applied to be enlisted. But Twenty Three lacs of them failed to prove their Citizenship or domicile credentials. During last Loksabha Elections, Twenty Three lac voters were identified as doubtful Citizens alone in Bengal. This is Horrible. Gloal laws are made by the United sates of america or european Community which have to be Replicated worldwide. This have become the established system. Labour and employement laws have been changed acoordingly. Financial reforms are under pipeline.Inetrnational Monetary Fund had emerged the Centre of Global Governance once again despite the Hype of Prozctive United nations which works only in the best interes of the US Weapon Industry and it is best proved in Gulf War without any doubt.
An empowered group of ministers headed by foreign minister, Pranab Mukherjee, approved the establishment of a unique identity authority. It will assign a unique identity number to individuals of the country that would remain a permanent identifier.INDIA WILL soon have a unique identity system for all residents of the country which will assign a unique identity (UID) number to each individual. As per the government plan, this number will be a permanent identifier right from birth to death of the individual.
An Obama administration plan to make wire tapping the Internet easier for law enforcement and national security agencies was met with silence by online companies Monday.It is expected that all countries folow suit. The Global governance has focused its attention to curb Knowledge and Information!
Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Yahoo and Research in Motion – never shy about issuing press releases – all declined to talk about what would be a major shift in privacy law.
Next year, the Obama administration intends to ask Congress for new regulations that it says are necessary as more people – and criminals – communicate online rather than the telephone. The rules would require Internet companies to create an easy way for law enforcement and security officials to monitor encrypted e-mails and messaging services like Skype, which allow users to talk "peer to peer."
The government would still need to get legal approval to intercept and decode messages.
Tembhli: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Congress President Sonia Gandhi handed out the first set of Unique Identification Number to tribals in Tembhli village of Maharashtra's Nandurbar district on Wednesday.
Ten tribals from Tembhli village got their Unique Identification Numbers (Aadhaar) from Singh and Sonia. They were randomly selected by the Nandan Nilekani-headed Unique Identification Authority of India.
"It is our ambitious project. Every Indian should get an identity. It will empower Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes and all under privileged sections. Aadhaar covers various rural development programmes. I congratulate Nandan Nilekani for this. He has achieved it in just 14 months," said Singh while launching the project.
"Aadhaar will help the unemployed poor. UID is a historical step to help the poor and Tembhli is the first Aadhaar village," said Sonia.
Unique Identification Authority of India Chairman Nandan Nilekani said that UID would help all the citizens of India who don't have any identity card.
"Many people in our country don't have their identity cards. UID will help them. UID will be recognised everywhere. One UID will be issued to one person," he said.
About 1400 villagers have been enrolled in the inaugural programme. The Unique Identification Number is a unique 12 digit number that will store information like an individual's name, face and biometric scans.
Nilekani plans to cover 60 per cent of the people in the country in the next three years. The project will be launched in Karnataka in October.
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pm-sonia-launch-unique-identity-number-project/131971-3.html?from=tn
Meanwhile,Residents of Tembli village in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra became the first recepients of the Unique Identification Numbers when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Congress president Sonia Gandhi handed these out Wednesday.The Vilagers do belong to the Tribal BHEEL communities, the direct descendents of Mohanjodoro Lothal Harappa Indus Saraswati Civilisation and this community has suffered most for thousnads of years in continuous displacement, exdus and holocaust.They are not recognised as Sceduled Tribe in every state, neither all descendents of Indus Saraswati valey civilisation like HO, Santhal, Munda or Gond are.All Tribal Villages are not registered as revenue Villages. More over, Indian aboriginal Humanscape from Hills to the Meadow down to the Seas are the Victims of Monopolistic aggression against Nature und er Corporate War. Thus, Corporate Goevrnment of India Incs led by Unconstitutional superslave have chosen the Bheels to send the message of Appeasement to abort whatever possible Resistance against the implementation of Draconian measure for which Parliamentary sanction was taken so late only recently as Infosis man nanadan Nilekani had been working quite Illegally since the Unique Identity authority was constituted without the endorsement of the parliament.
The decision was taken by an empowered group of ministers (EGOM) headed by foreign minister, Pranab Mukherjee. This group approved the establishment of a unique identity authority for all residents of the country and it will be set up under the Planning Commission.
The unique identity project seeks to assign a (UID) number to each individual in the country that would remain a permanent identifier.
UID will end the need for multiple documentary proofs required for various reasons such as government jobs, bank accounts, etc. It will also end the needless harassment that people have to face for availing of the basic government services like issuance of passports, driving licences, electoral identity cards, etc.
It would also serve as the basis for many e-governance services incorporating online verification of a person's identity. UID would also enable government to ensure that benefits under various welfare programmes reach the intended beneficiaries, prevent cornering of benefits by a few persons and minimise frauds.
The EGOM also approved the modalities of collation of the UID scheme with the National Population Register proposed to be created by the home ministry through the registrar general of the census of India concurrently with the census 2011 in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Citizenship Act.
As the gathering of villagers cheered and applauded, Ranjana Sonawane became the first in the country to receive the Unique Identification Number (UID) card at a ceremony.
Later, the prime minister and Sonia Gandhi handed over these cards - called 'Aadhar' - to Ranjana's son and a dozen other villagers from among a crowd that had gathered here for the historic occasion. The UID scheme, by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), will be implemented nationwide.
Chief Minister Ashok Chavan said it was a matter of pride for Nandurbar and Maharashtra that a prestigious national scheme was being first implemented there.
The UIDAI scheme was announced in July 2009 will provide an 'unique identity to each of the over one billion Indian citizens over the next five years'.
After a person is allotted an UID number, his/her identity linked to biometrics would be established to uniquely identify the person.
The UID number would authenticate the identity claim of a person and would have wide-ranging applications during the person's lifetime.
Earlier, several hundred villagers from this traditional Congress bastion accorded a rousing reception to Manmohan Singh and Gandhi with dances, songs and music in the presence of a huge media contingent.
Present on the occasion were Governor K. Sankaranarayanan, Deputy Chief Minister Chhagan Bhujbal, Planning Commission Deputy Chairman M.S. Ahluwalia and Nandan Nilekani, who heads the UIDAI.
Meanwhile,a report issued on last 20th September by the National Intelligence Council and the European Union's Institute for Security Studies turns its focus toward global governance–the collective management of international problems–and reaches some sobering conclusions.
"The growing number of issues on the international agenda, and their complexity, is outpacing the ability of international organizations and national governments to cope," the authors of Global Governance 2025: At a Critical Juncture write.
This critical turning point includes issues of climate change, ethnic and regional conflicts, new technology, and the managing of natural resources.
Using the insights of a host of experts from Brazil, Russia, India and China, among others, and fictionalized scenarios, the report illustrates what could happen over the next 25 years in terms of global governance.
The report also highlights the challenges proponents of effective global governance face.
On one hand, rapid globalization, economic and otherwise, has led to an intertwining of domestic politics and international issues and fueled the need for more cooperation and more effective leadership. But on the other, an increasingly multipolar world, often dominated by non-state actors, have put a snag in progress toward effectual global governance.
Global Governance 2025 is the first unclassified report by the National Intelligence Council developed with a non-U.S. organization. The NIC reports to the director of national intelligence.
Privacy advocates criticize the plan as a threat to free speech and open to abuse. However, major technology companies, which vociferously defend their privacy records, today declined to weigh in on the proposal – never mind that it could affect their users and require some technical gymnastics to implement.
Only Facebook would comment, if only generally, saying in a statement: "We will examine any proposal when and if it materializes but we can't comment on something we haven't seen. Generally, it's our policy to only comply with valid, legal requests for data."
Granted, the Obama administration has yet to offer many specifics, making it difficult for the companies to comment in detail. The silence may also be a case of the companies not wanting to antagonize government officials.
Under the proposal, the Internet companies will have to have systems in place that would allow law enforcement to intercept messages if asked to do so by law enforcement. Some companies already have such technology in place, but some do not and have to build such systems after being served.
Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy advocacy group, said that there are "obvious civil liberty and privacy issues" with the Obama administration plan. Existing law already allows law enforcement to get user information from Internet companies, although it may not get it as quickly as they want.
"The government has to bear the burden of proof for why we need this," Mr. Tien said. "But they tend to get a pass."
On Monday Google celebrated its 12th birthday. And what a twelve years it's been.
Despite occasional blunders, Google has taken over the world of search. But it wasn't a drama-free upbringing.
The single greatest issue facing Google is online privacy. It knows everything we search, email, chat, download, watch, etc. By tracing Internet behavior, it can predict our future actions and know how we think. And with new products and services, the company is only collecting more information about everyone who uses the Internet. Understandably, critics have condemned Google for probing way too far in personal affairs.
Google caused worldwide scandals when it released two products: Google Buzz and Google Street View. Google Buzz is a tool that allows you to share links, photos, videos and other information with contacts. The problem is that when it was first released, Google Buzz showed a list of users' most frequently emailed. If you were having an affair that involved email love letters, you would have been exposed.
Google Street view caused another problem. With its detailed panoramic views of streets, it revealed glimpses into private homes and intimate street centers. The Google Camera captured people leaving health care centers and professionals exiting strip clubs.
Google made big mistakes with these products. But the company's reaction on both occasions was decisive, swift and accommodating. Google revamped Google buzz privacy settings and launched a campaign to educate users on their choices. On Street View it blotched out faces, building interiors, and other revealing details and setup a system where users can request the removal of compromising pictures.
But perhaps even more impressive is the company's determination to stay one step ahead of issues, anticipating them before they even start. Google's active privacy center educates users about how it collects and uses personal information and provides advice to users on how they can stay safe online.
In light of controversy, Google has made smart PR decisions. Anticipating issues. Responding to users' concerns. Communicating with the public. These are the ingredients for a successful public relations campaign. And this one is integral to Google's success. As it continues to experiment with new services and products, including Google Me - a social network - that will be launched later in the year - the company is bound to face additional challenges. But so far, they've cleaned up some pretty big messes with ease. Not bad for a just-turned pre-teen company.
PM issues first numbers in nationwide UID scheme
Manmohan Singh, accompanied by the ruling Congress party chief Sonia Gandhi, issued ten UID to cards to tribals in the village of Tembhli, Maharahstra
Also Read: UID explained
Give the UID project a chance
E-governance assumes key role in UID implementation
A new kind of welfare state
The project is hailed as the world's first ID scheme using biometric-based data on a national scale and is overseen by Nandan M. Nilekani, the former co-chairman of India's second-largest software exporters Infosys Technologies.
Announcing the launch on Wednesday, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) said the scheme would provide "a cost-effective, ubiquitous authentification infrastructure to easily verify... identities online and in real-time".
Click hereClick here to listen to our correspondent Surabhi Agarwal report from Tembhli
"Today there are a large number of residents, especially the poorest and the most marginalised, who face challenges in accessing various public benefit programmes due to the lack of possessing a clear identity proof," it added.
"The 'Aadhaar' (base) number will ease these difficulties in identification, by providing a nationally valid and verifiable single source of identity proof."
Fingerprints and iris recognition "will help agencies and service providers across India clean out duplicates and fakes from their databases", the agency added.
Mint quoted an unnamed UIDAI official as saying: "We have been enrolling around 300 to 350 people every day since 20 September and until now around 1,500 people's biometric data has been recorded."
Speaking to our Mint reporter after the launch, Nilekani emphasized on the pressure of expectations to deliver the UID platform. His focus right now is to increase volumes of enrollment, since as he highlights this was only the launch and the task of enrolling a billion people is still pending.
Click Click here to listen to Nandan Nilekani's complete interview
Supporters of the scheme say the 12-digit number will be a one-stop proof to establish identity, eliminating the current need to produce multiple personal documents even for something as simple as getting a pre-paid mobile phone.
Much official business in India is still carried out using triplicate, hand-written forms rather than computers, causing frustration, confusion, errors and delays.
Critics have questioned whether the government will be able to compile an accurate, updated record of India's growing 1.2 billion population and fear the misuse of personal information by officials and individuals.
http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/29130230/PM-issues-first-numbers-in-nat.html?d=1
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Historical Reasons Against UID//Aadhar Project
By Gopal Krishna & Prakash Ray
27 September, 2010
Countercurrents.org
To
Mrs Sonia Gandhi
Chairperson
& Members
National Advisory Council
New Delhi
Madam/Sir,
This is to place on record our deep sense of appreciation for National Advisory Council (NAC) which has reportedly disapproved the structural basis being laid out for future authoritarianism. Unmindful of massive opposition by citizens, the Union Cabinet cleared the introduction of the National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010 in Parliament on 24th September. This happened in a tearing hurry even as the NAC was examining the UID proposal. This was uncalled for and it provides robust grounds for scrutiny.
Not only that fearing the outcome of the NAC deliberations and its inferences, Nandan Nilekani avoided NAC to escape having to answer the questions about UID on 30th August, 2010. It appears that the chairperson of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has roped in Prime Minister to help him wriggle out by launching UID on 29th September in Maharashtra in order to present a fait accompli of sort to the NAC.
In such circumstances, it is indeed a relief to know that the NAC is opposed to UID//Aadhar project.
It is quite sad that both the Cabinet Committee on UIDAI Authority and PM's Council are in such a great awe of a regressive idea that so far it has failed to examine the reasons of governments of US, Australia and UK to scrap similar projects. So much so that even as the Bill will be introduced in the Indian Parliament, the British Parliament will be scrapping it because the democratic mandate of UK citizens and all the democracies is against such an invasive project.
One Nobel Prize winner too has underlined how it raises questions of personal liberty. Other world renowned social scientists have termed it as akin to allotting "prisoner numbers" to citizens. This is quite worrisome that in such a context our political leaders in general are so frozen in their passivity that they are not reaching out to sincerely address and respond to the gnawing concerns about a project that have fascist roots.
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) reminds one of what happened from the period preceding Adolf Hitler's arrival to January 1933 when he occupied power, to Second World War and since then and International Business Machines (IBM)'s role with its punch card and card sorting technology. The way UID project is being bulldozed in the name of PDS, Education, Public Health, NREGA and now migrant workers is highly dubious.
Unique Identity (UID) Number is a rare project which has unleashed the concept of massively organised information as means of social control, a weapon of war, and for the victimisation of ethnic groups, minorities and political adversaries. It appears that Nilekani, the co-founder and former chief executive of Infosys Technologies Ltd, India's second largest software company, has misled the key functionaries of Government of India into believing that he is deeply concerned about reaching the poorest of the poor with a 16-digit card (4 numbers are hidden?) to liberate them from poverty.
This proposed UID legislation authorizes the creation of a centralized database of unique identification numbers that will be issued to every resident of India but has failed to provide for provisions that precludes abuse of such a database for invading citizens' rights to privacy and freedom of choice by national and transnational corporations like Vedanta and IBM. The legislation poses one of gravest threat imaginable as far as citizens' right is concerned. It will damage citizens' sovereignty beyond repair and has the potential to cause holocaust like situation in future through profiling of minorities, political opponents and ethnic groups.
UID/Aadhar project gives a sense of déjà vu. It is the same path which IBM (International Business Machines), the world's largest technology company and the second most valuable global brand traversed with the Nazi Germany for targeted asset confiscation, ghettoisation, deportation, and ultimately extermination with its punch card and card sorting system -- a precursor to the computer – that made the automation of human destruction possible. This is a matter of historical fact and not an opinion. Indeed in the words of historian Benedetto Croce, "All history is contemporary history" and the lessons from history present a compelling reason against the UID/Aadhar project.
Therefore, we urge you to recommend and encourage our government to abandon the UID/Aadhar project like the governments of UK, Australia and US have done to safeguard and honour the non-negotiable rights of citizens.
Yours Sincerely
Gopal Krishna
Member
Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties (CFCL)
New Delhi
Mb: 9818089660
E-mail: krishna2777@gmail.com
Prakash Ray
Convener
Jawaharlal Nehru University Researchers Association (JNURA)
New Delhi
Mb:9873313315
E-mail- pkray11@gmail.com
Press invite- The UID Project
Venue: Press Club, New Delhi
Date: 28 September, 2010 Time: 12 noon
You are sincerely invited to the press conference on the UID Project, which will be addressed by Justice A.P.Shah, Upendra Baxi, Nikhil Dey, Uma Chakravarthi, Shohini Ghosh, Prof. Jagdeep S. Chhokar, Amar Kanwar, Reetika Khera, Praful Bidwai and Bezwada Wilson to discuss a project that has the potential to transform the state-citizen
relationship and will affect every resident.
The UID project, to give every resident a Unique Identity Number, has been initiated without any prelude: there is no project document; there is no feasibility study; there has been no cost: benefit analysis; there are serious concerns about data and identity theft. The UID project has proceeded so far without any legal authorization, on the basis of an executive order, that could change the status of the people in this country, with effects on our security and constitutional rights, and a consideration of all aspects of the
project should be undertaken with this in mind.
Concerned citizens have raised questions about the
- Undemocratic process
- Privacy (It is only now that the DoPT is said to be working on a draft of a privacy law, but nothing is out for discussion even
yet)
- Surveillance: where this technology, and the existence of the UID number, and its working, could result in increasing the potential for surveillance
- Profiling
- Tracking
- Convergence, including by companies, which may be expected to collate information about each individual with the help of the UID number.
National IDs have been abandoned in the US, Australia and the newly-elected British government. The reasons have predominantly been: costs and privacy. In the UK, the Home Secretary explained that they were abandoning the project because it would otherwise be `intrusive bullying' by the state, and that the government intended to be the
`servant' of the people, and not their `master'. In the late nineties, the Supreme Court of Philippines struck down a biometric based national ID system as unconstitutional on two grounds – the overreach of the executive over the legislative powers of the congress and invasion of privacy. The same is applicable in India – UIDAI has been constituted on the basis of a GoI notification and there is a fundamental risk to civil liberties with the convergence of UID, NATGRID and the National Population Register.
Seventeen eminent signatories, Justice VR Krishna Iyer, Retired Judge, Supreme Court of India, Prof Romila Thapar, Historian, K.G.Kannabiran, Senior Civil Liberties Lawyer, Kavita Srivastava, PUCL and Right to Food Campaign, Aruna Roy, MKKS, Rajasthan, Nikhil Dey, MKKS, Rajasthan, S.R.Sankaran, Retired Secretary, Government of India, Deep Joshi, Independent Consultant, Upendra Baxi, Jurist and ex-Vice Chancellor of Universities of Surat and Delhi, Uma Chakravarthi, Historian, Shohini Ghosh, Teacher and Film Maker, Amar Kanwar, Film Maker, Bezwada Wilson, Safai Karamchari Andolan, Trilochan Sastry, IIMB, and Association for Democratic Reforms, Prof. Jagdeep S. Chhokar , ex- IIMA, and Association for Democratic Reforms, Shabnam Hashmi, ANHAD, Justice A.P.Shah, Retired Chief Justice of High Court of Delhi,
ask that:
- The project be halted
- A feasibility study be done covering all aspects of this issue
- Experts be tasked with studying its constitutionality
- The law on privacy be urgently worked on (this will affect matters way beyond the UID project)
- A cost : benefit analysis be done
- A public, informed debate be conducted before any such major change be brought in.
Warm Regards,
Usha Ramanathan
Anil Chaudhary
Shree Prakash
On behalf of Campaign for No UID
A 124/6 First Floor, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016
Gaps in privacy law raise data, cloud computing issues
Stephen Bell
28.09.2010 kl 00:01 | Computerworld New Zealand
A A A
A recent amendment to privacy law -- the Privacy (Cross-Border Information) Amendment Act - aims at meeting conditions set by the European Union on the privacy of personal information sent to or through New Zealand. However, the Privacy Commissioner's office acknowledges there are still holes in the protection of personal information that is originated here and leaves our shores.
A recent amendment to privacy law -- the Privacy (Cross-Border Information) Amendment Act - aims at meeting conditions set by the European Union on the privacy of personal information sent to or through New Zealand. However, the Privacy Commissioner's office acknowledges there are still holes in the protection of personal information that is originated here and leaves our shores.
This not only poses a problem with data sent to an identifiable overseas country; there is a potentially larger challenge for data processed in the cloud. Here it is often not possible to identify the jurisdiction in which the computers that process the data are situated.
Recommendations for laws to cover such protection are still being deliberated by the Law Commission as part of its ongoing study of privacy.
Section 10 of the Privacy Act in its present form covers some of the situations. For example, where a company in New Zealand sends data to an affiliated company overseas, it is still protected by the principles of the Act covering misuse, availability to the subject and opportunity for correction; but where data is sent overseas to an unrelated third party or into the cloud there is no guaranteed protection under the Act, says assistant privacy commissioner Blair Stewart.
For data travelling out of the country one possible solution is for New Zealand to impose a similar condition on destination countries, to that imposed by Europe on us, Stewart says.
Alternatively or additionally, we could pass laws to make New Zealand companies more accountable for misuse of data in their care while it is overseas or in the cloud, he says. This is the solution adopted, for example, by Canada.
A third approach is to rely not on the law but on industry standards and contractual agreements to protect privacy, Stewart says. This, for example, is the rule in India that processes a good deal of data from other countries, but has no privacy law to cover the situation, he says.
In considering a solution, any nation has to be careful not to unduly compromise the trading and business efficiency advantages of sending its data overseas, says Stewart.
Passage of the Privacy (Cross-Border Information) Amendment Act, which came into operation earlier this month, will ensure adequate privacy protection for personal information sent from overseas to New Zealand for processing; but the law change has still to prove itself "adequate" in the context of European law.
New Zealand has applied for a finding of adequacy; the outcome has yet to be determined but the application is "working its way through European Union processes", says a statement from the Privacy Commissioner's office.
"Ensuring that European business and regulators see New Zealand as a safe place for information processing is important for New Zealand's reputation," Commissioner Marie Shroff says.
Justice Minister Simon Power goes further, saying the tightening of the law will "remove a major barrier for businesses operating internationally.
"The Government recognises that in today's difficult economic environment we need to do everything possible to improve the international competitiveness of our businesses," Power says.
"Until now, the Privacy Act 1993 has been silent on cross-border enforcement of privacy laws."
To prevent information being transferred into this country with the intention of moving it on to another country with inadequate privacy protection, the Privacy Commissioner is empowered under the new amendment to issue a "transfer prohibition notice" to prevent the information being moved out.
However, the power to issue such a notice only applies to information that was imported into New Zealand in the first place, not to information collected here.
Ironically, the Search and Surveillance Bill, currently at Select Committee stage, aims to allow online search of remote computers -- which might otherwise be considered a breach of privacy -- if authorised by a search warrant for a local computer system connected to them.
The advanced stage of that law is due to the Law Commission having delivered its analysis of search and surveillance in 2007.
http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=58140CD0-1A64-6A71-CE29C59CD3714823
National identity card (United Kingdom) - Wikipedia, the free ...
National Identity Cards for UK nationals became available to people ..... be the tampering or superficial forging of the actual biometric identity cards. ...
en.wikipedia.org/.../National_identity_card_(United_Kingdom) - Cached - Similar
UK Border Agency | Enrolling your biometric information
If you are applying from inside the UK to extend your stay, you must apply for a biometric residence permit (formerly known as an identity card for foreign ...
www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/.../adult.../biometrics-id-cards/ - Cached - Similar
BBC NEWS | UK | 'I've got a biometric ID card'
12 Aug 2004 ... As the pilot tests collecting biometric data continue across the UK, BBC News Online volunteers to take part.
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3556720.stm - Cached - Similar
BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Q&A: Identity cards
2 Jul 2009 ... Opponents say the lack of widespread biometric scanners will lead to a black market in fake ID cards but the Home Office insists anti-fraud ...
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3127696.stm - Cached - Similar
Show more results from news.bbc.co.uk
UK biometric ID card morphs into £30 'passport lite' • The Register
8 Jul 2005 ... The information on UK ID cards is going to be essentially the same as on UK biometric passports, with the initial variation that the first ...
www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/08/id_card_as_passport/ - Cached - Similar
German gov pooh-poohs biometric ID card hack • The Register
3 Sep 2010 ... The biometric ID cards store a scan of a user's fingerprints along with a six-digit PIN that can be used to digitally sign official forms. ...
www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/03/german_id_card_hack/ - Cached
Show more results from www.theregister.co.uk
U.K. biometric ID cards bill shelved before election - Computerworld
6 Apr 2005 ... A UK bill to create a national ID card program using biometric technology has been abandoned until after the next election on May 5.
www.computerworld.com/.../U.K._biometric_ID_cards_bill_shelved_before_election - Cached
Issues Facing a Biometric ID Card System in the UK
16 Apr 2010 ... A summary of the various practical problems facing the proposed identification card system in the UK, from the technological to the ...
www.suite101.com/.../issues-facing-a-biometric-id-card-system-in-the-uk-a226359 - Cached
Government reveals first identity cards | Politics | guardian.co.uk
25 Sep 2008 ... Jacqui Smith unveils identity card Jacqui Smith unveils the first ... The UK Border Agency will begin issuing the biometric cards to the two ...
www.guardian.co.uk/politics/.../idcards.immigrationpolicy - Cached - Similar
India to issue all 1.2 billion citizens with biometric ID cards ...
15 Jul 2009 ... It is surely the biggest Big Brother project yet conceived.
www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6710764.ece - Similar
Biometric national IDsIt is official: U.K. national ID cards scrapped within 100 days
Published 28 May 2010
The new U.K. government made it official; within 100 days, the biometric national ID scheme would scrapped, and the National Identity Register, the database that contains the biographic and biometric fingerprint data of card holders, would also be destroyed
A prototype biometric identity card // Source: ceoworld.biz
The new U.K. government announced yesterday that it is to scrap plans for identity cards for British citizens within 100 days. The National Identity Register, the database that contains the biographic and biometric fingerprint data of card holders, would also be destroyed.
Home secretary Theresa May said: "This bill is a first step of many that this government is taking to reduce the control of the state over decent, law-abiding people and hand power back to them. With swift parliamentary approval, we aim to consign identity cards and the intrusive ID-card scheme to history within 100 days."
Deputy prime minister Nick Clegg said: "The wasteful, bureaucratic and intrusive ID-card scheme represents everything that has been wrong with government in recent years. By taking swift action to scrap it, we are making it clear that this government won't sacrifice people's liberty for the sake of ministers' pet projects."
The Identity Documents Bill is part of a first wave of priority legislation set out in the Queen's speech on 25 May. The bill invalidates the identity card, meaning that holders will no longer be able to use them to prove their identity or as a travel document in Europe.
The government aims to have the bill passed through parliament and enacted by the parliamentary recess in August, in a move that will save the taxpayer around £86 million over the next four years, once all cancellation costs are taken into account. It would also avoid around £800 million of ongoing costs over the next ten years, which were to be recovered through fees.
The role of the identity commissioner would also be terminated. The public panels, designed to scrutinize the identity-cards scheme, have already been disbanded.
http://homelandsecuritynewswire.com/it-official-uk-national-id-cards-scrapped-within-100-days
Unique Identity Number: A mammoth project
The government at the center expects to give every Indian a Unique Identification number in the next five years. The project will ensure that the underprivileged get their fair share of social welfare and government schemes.
CJ: Dipika Dasgupta
THE UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (UID) project for all Indian citizens is a mammoth project led by Nandan Nilekani, the former co-Chairman of Infosys and the present Chairperson of UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India), along with his team. As per the project, the government expects to give a unique identification number to every Indian citizen within the next five years.
According to Nilekani, this pilot project would have multiple benefits and utility; that is from tracing terrorists to preventing corruption in the NREGS in future as it diminishes the risk of impersonation and duplication.
The proposed project is perhaps one of the greatest challenges faced by the government as it demands networking at several levels to acquire the massive data required to initiate the project. According to various statements and interviews given by Nilekani, the unique identification number will not be an identity card. The number will be included in important documents like election cards, PAN cards and bank accounts. Quoting Nilekani, "There is the technological challenge, there is a challenge of the scale of work, and there is a complex governance challenge, working with so many governments and states."
The Unique Identity number will be supported by biometric authentication which means that fingerprints and photographs of more than a billion people will be taken and saved ,when they are registered for the number. In fact, the online information will be the biggest such national database in the world. The numbers will be saved online and assist in instant online authentication of the identity of every Indian.
According to reports, UIDAI office will have to scrutinize the documents of nearly 80 million income tax payers, who possess Permanent Account Number (PAN); some 200 million account holders in private and public banks; some 500 million mobile phone users and over 600 million Indians, who have election cards. There is a considerable overlap in this information since many of them might possess all or many of these identifications. UIDAI office will also look at the database of Indian passport holders, Public Distribution System cards, and list of cooking gas consumers in the country.
Since large numbers of underprivileged people do not have any form of identification, it becomes all the more difficult for them to avail the benefits of social welfare schemes. Nandan Nilekani said, "The project is pro-poor and inclusivly targeted mainly towards the poor. People on the margins are lost because they lack identity." This initiative will ensure that the marginalized get their fair share of the social welfare and government schemes.
Nilekani's office will be working with the state administrations, state governments, centre government, more than 20-25 agencies like the Election Commission, Income Tax department and others to roll out the identity numbers. This project will become operational in phases and if successfully implemented, it will be hailed as a landmark venture.
Fri, Oct 16, 2009 14:43:29 IST
The Unique Identity number — putting all eggs in one basket?
Jul 8, 2009 04:08 EDT
abhishek bachchan | bureaucracy | finance minister | government | Infosys | Nandan Nilekani | national identity card | security | social security number | technology | welfare schemes
There was a television ad some time back where a village leader played by Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachchan cutely decrees that feuding villagers would be known by their mobile numbers rather than names denoting caste or community.
It's an idea that no longer seems far-fetched.
This week, the finance minister allocated 1200 million rupees to the Unique Identification Authority of India, headed by former Infosys chief Nandan Nilekani.
The project provides a unique identity number, something like the U.S. social security number, to India's billion-plus citizens.
It involves setting up a database with the identification details of citizens.
"It also uses an advanced technology like biometrics on a scale which has not been used anywhere in the world," said Nilekani.
The biometric details will make identification foolproof.
Multi-purpose National Identity Cards have already been issued to a million citizens under a test scheme in some districts.
These will be combined with the unique identification number scheme.
Once implemented, the project is expected to help the government identify beneficiaries of various welfare schemes and help security agencies.
It will also link the database to the election commission and the income tax department.
"The Unique ID number, the number, not the card, is going to be the unifying attribute of all these cards. In other words, you may have four to five cards from different sources but all of them will have the same unique ID of yours that will act as a unifier," Nilekani said.
However, there are misgivings about the project.
Tavleen Singh, writing for the Indian Express says the project may just add "to the massive infrastructure of our bureaucracy."
"The BPL (below poverty line) folks that I know in Mumbai and Delhi do not have birth certificates, identity cards or any proof of nationality. Even if they did, they have no means of knowing how to access the benefits that accrue to them. Will a national identity card make their lives less difficult?"
"And, besides how will the card work in villages that do not have adequate supplies of electricity leave alone computers?" she asks.
Columnist Swaminathan Anklesaria Aiyar writes — "If the implementers have no interest in service delivery, can a smart card outsmart them?"
It's an appealing idea to be able to put down a number instead of filling details in a form on one's father, mother, locality and surname and be immediately slotted.
But having practically lived as a stateless citizen in my own country for a while (no voter id, no ration card, no permanent address, a bank account but on the office address) I am all for letting the state know that I exist, occasionally outside my office in my unofficial capacity as well.
But will everyone trust the government or the bureaucracy with all their details available at the click of a button?
Misuse of voters list to target communities during riots has been alleged. Data can leak.
Who for instance will or can have access to someone's fingerprints on a biometric database?
In a situation where the government in general has less information about people than more, this question seems a forced one.
But with the first set of numbers to be issued by late 2010, this issue would need to be resolved.
Is Nilekani by uniting "databases in disconnected silos", going to be our Harold Bluetooth, the eponymous Viking warrior after whose unifying efforts the wireless technology is named, or a Big Brother?
http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2009/07/08/the-unique-identity-number-putting-all-our-eggs-in-one-basket/
A National Identity Tool that can aid India's Experiments with the UID
Added 12th Mar 2010
Varsha Chidambaram
Article Highlights
The Mexican project will be created and managed by Unisys and will be based on the company's Library of E-ID Artifacts (LEIDA) software framework.
LEIDA combines the biometric data (iris, fingerprint, face) and matches it to arrive at one unique identity
The Mexican Ministry of Internal Affairs has recently initiated a citizen identification solution, using a biometric technology that is believed to be world's first national identity scheme to incorporate iris recognition. The project will create a database with iris, fingerprint and facial biometric data on up to 110 million Mexican citizens to be used as part of the Mexican government's larger national ID card project.
""LEIDA was built to handle large national level volumes. The Mexico citizen identification solution is the largest national level ID project ever to be implemented. "
Sounds familiar? The Indian government has been attempting to do something similar for sometime now. The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) was established in February 2009, with the Interim budget allocating Rs. 100 crore for it. The purpose of the UIDAI is to issue a unique identification number (UID) to all Indian residents to eliminate duplicate and fake identities and to ensure efficient delivery of government services and welfare programs like PDS and NREGA, and for national security.
Watch CIOs in conversation with business leaders
In India, an inability to prove identity is one of the biggest barriers preventing the poor from accessing benefits and subsidies. The problem of identity is directly linked to that of corruption leading to fake names and misappropriation of resources. Only a full biometric proof can help circumvent this problem.
The Mexican project will be created and managed by Unisys and will be based on the company's Library of E-ID Artifacts (LEIDA) software framework. Unisys describes LEIDA as "a service-oriented component-based, reusable framework, providing a flexible yet powerful platform for implementing people identity management solutions leveraging biometric technologies."
LEIDA enables implementation of best practices in citizen identity management, access control and secure border initiatives. The fundamental framework for this solution was developed by a team at the Unisys Global Sourcing Centre India (UGSI) in Bangalore and has already been used in national identity schemes in a number of countries globally, such as Australia, Africa and Mexico.
According to John Kendall, National Security Program Director, and Unisys Asia Pacific,"LEIDA brings together best of breed technologies to a platform that is technology-agnostic and interoperable." Kendal has been closely working with biometric identification systems in Australia, Malaysia, Philippines, South Africa, Costa Rica, Panama and Dominican Republic.
LEIDA combines the biometric data (iris, fingerprint, face) and matches it to arrive at one unique identity. Further it de-duplicates it to ensure only a single identity of that combination exists. Kendall explains, "Part of the de-duplication process is to ensure that all matches are accurate and I don't end up with a duplicate match."
LEIDA has fraud detection tools and other security measures built into it. When the system throws up an error the matter is taken up by a human investigation theme. Kendall says, "This is crucial because if the ID system is subject to fraud, it defeats the whole purpose of having one." The LEIDA platform boasts of a 95 percent accuracy level.
We are Hiring!
Kendall knows scalability is going to be the biggest challenge for them. "LEIDA was built to handle large national level volumes. The Mexico citizen identification solution is the largest national level ID project ever to be implemented. So we have the obvious advantage of domain expertise and experience," he says.
The Mexico project hopes to cover 100 million citizens within the timeframe of 5 months. That's one-tenth of the Indian population. Would it be realistic to expect the same platform to be viable in India? Unisys is currently engaged in talks with the Indian government to work on the UID. They wish to forge partnership with the leading Indian service providers and begin work on proof-of-concept with small sample groups.
http://www.cio.in/article/national-identity-tool-can-aid-indias-experiments-uid
Biometrics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the academic journal of statistics in biology, see Biometrics (journal). For the application of statistics to topics in biology, see Biostatistics.
*This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
It may contain original research or unverifiable claims. Tagged since August 2010.
It is incomplete and may require expansion or cleanup. Tagged since July 2010.
At Walt Disney World biometric measurements are taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the person's ticket is used by the same person from day to day
Biometrics comprises methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. In computer science, in particular, biometrics is used as a form of identity access management and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance.
Biometric characteristics can be divided in two main classes[citation needed]:
Physiological are related to the shape of the body. Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, Palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, which has largely replaced retina, and odour/scent.
Behavioral are related to the behavior of a person. Examples include, but are not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers[1] have coined the term behaviometrics for this class of biometrics.
Strictly speaking, voice is also a physiological trait because every person has a different vocal tract, but voice recognition is mainly based on the study of the way a person speaks, commonly classified as behavioral.
Contents
[hide]
1 Introduction
2 Performance
3 Current, Emerging and Future Applications of Biometrics
3.1 Proposal calls for biometric authentication to access certain public networks
4 Issues and concerns
4.1 Privacy and discrimination
4.2 Danger to owners of secured items
4.3 Cancelable biometrics
4.4 International Trading of Biometric Data
4.5 Governments are unlikely to disclose full capabilities of biometric deployments
5 Countries applying biometrics
5.1 United States
5.2 Germany
5.3 Brazil
5.4 Iraq
5.5 India
5.6 Italy
5.7 United Kingdom
5.8 Australia
5.9 Canada
5.10 Israel
5.11 Netherlands
5.11.1 Recent requirements for passport photographs
5.12 New Zealand
6 Biometrics in popular culture
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
[edit] Introduction
The basic block diagram of a biometric system
It is possible to understand if a human characteristic can be used for biometrics in terms of the following parameters:[2]
Universality – each person should have the characteristic.
Uniqueness – is how well the biometric separates individuals from another.
Permanence – measures how well a biometric resists aging and other variance over time.
Collectability – ease of acquisition for measurement.
Performance – accuracy, speed, and robustness of technology used.
Acceptability – degree of approval of a technology.
Circumvention – ease of use of a substitute.
A biometric system can operate in the following two modes[citation needed]:
Verification – A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. Can be done in conjunction with a smart card, username or ID number.
Identification – A one to many comparison of the captured biometric against a biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual. The identification only succeeds in identifying the individual if the comparison of the biometric sample to a template in the database falls within a previously set threshold.
The first time an individual uses a biometric system is called an enrollment. During the enrollment, biometric information from an individual is stored. In subsequent uses, biometric information is detected and compared with the information stored at the time of enrollment. Note that it is crucial that storage and retrieval of such systems themselves be secure if the biometric system is to be robust. The first block (sensor) is the interface between the real world and the system; it has to acquire all the necessary data. Most of the times it is an image acquisition system, but it can change according to the characteristics desired. The second block performs all the necessary pre-processing: it has to remove artifacts from the sensor, to enhance the input (e.g. removing background noise), to use some kind of normalization, etc. In the third block necessary features are extracted. This step is an important step as the correct features need to be extracted in the optimal way. A vector of numbers or an image with particular properties is used to create a template. A template is a synthesis of the relevant characteristics extracted from the source. Elements of the biometric measurement that are not used in the comparison algorithm are discarded in the template to reduce the filesize and to protect the identity of the enrollee[citation needed].
If enrollment is being performed, the template is simply stored somewhere (on a card or within a database or both). If a matching phase is being performed, the obtained template is passed to a matcher that compares it with other existing templates, estimating the distance between them using any algorithm (e.g. Hamming distance). The matching program will analyze the template with the input. This will then be output for any specified use or purpose (e.g. entrance in a restricted area)[citation needed].
[edit] Performance
The following are used as performance metrics for biometric systems:[3]
false accept rate or false match rate (FAR or FMR) – the probability that the system incorrectly matches the input pattern to a non-matching template in the database. It measures the percent of invalid inputs which are incorrectly accepted.
false reject rate or false non-match rate (FRR or FNMR) – the probability that the system fails to detect a match between the input pattern and a matching template in the database. It measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected.
receiver operating characteristic or relative operating characteristic (ROC) – The ROC plot is a visual characterization of the trade-off between the FAR and the FRR. In general, the matching algorithm performs a decision based on a threshold which determines how close to a template the input needs to be for it to be considered a match. If the threshold is reduced, there will be less false non-matches but more false accepts. Correspondingly, a higher threshold will reduce the FAR but increase the FRR. A common variation is the Detection error trade-off (DET), which is obtained using normal deviate scales on both axes. This more linear graph illuminates the differences for higher performances (rarer errors).
equal error rate or crossover error rate (EER or CER) – the rate at which both accept and reject errors are equal. The value of the EER can be easily obtained from the ROC curve. The EER is a quick way to compare the accuarcy of devices with different ROC curves. In general, the device with the lowest EER is most accurate. Obtained from the ROC plot by taking the point where FAR and FRR have the same value. The lower the EER, the more accurate the system is considered to be.
failure to enroll rate (FTE or FER) – the rate at which attempts to create a template from an input is unsuccessful. This is most commonly caused by low quality inputs.
failure to capture rate (FTC) – Within automatic systems, the probability that the system fails to detect a biometric input when presented correctly.
template capacity – the maximum number of sets of data which can be stored in the system..
[edit] Current, Emerging and Future Applications of Biometrics
[edit] Proposal calls for biometric authentication to access certain public networks
John Michael (Mike) McConnell, a former vice admiral in the United States Navy, a former Director of US National Intelligence, and Senior Vice President of Booz Allen Hamilton promoted the development of a future capability to require biometric authentication to access certain public networks in his Keynote Speech[4] at the 2009 Biometric Consortium Conference.
A basic premise in the above proposal is that the person that has uniquely authenticated themselves using biometrics with the computer is in fact also the agent performing potentially malicious actions from that computer. However, if control of the computer has been subverted, for example in which the computer is part of a botnet controlled by a hacker, then knowledge of the identity of the user at the terminal does not materially improve network security or aid law enforcement activities.
[edit] Issues and concerns
*This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)
[edit] Privacy and discrimination
Data obtained during biometric enrollment could be used in ways the enrolled individual does not consent to.
[edit] Danger to owners of secured items
When thieves cannot get access to secure properties, there is a chance that the thieves will stalk and assault the property owner to gain access. If the item is secured with a biometric device, the damage to the owner could be irreversible, and potentially cost more than the secured property. For example, in 2005, Malaysian car thieves cut off the finger of a Mercedes-Benz S-Class owner when attempting to steal the car.[5]
[edit] Cancelable biometrics
One advantage of passwords over biometrics is that they can be re-issued. If a token or a password is lost or stolen, it can be cancelled and replaced by a newer version. This is not naturally available in biometrics. If someone's face is compromised from a database, they cannot cancel or reissue it. Cancelable biometrics is a way in which to incorporate protection and the replacement features into biometrics. It was first proposed by Ratha et al.[6]
Several methods for generating cancelable biometrics have been proposed. The first fingerprint based cancelable biometric system was designed and developed by Tulyakov et al.[7] Essentially, cancelable biometrics perform a distortion of the biometric image or features before matching. The variability in the distortion parameters provides the cancelable nature of the scheme. Some of the proposed techniques operate using their own recognition engines, such as Teoh et al.[8] and Savvides et al.,[9] whereas other methods, such as Dabbah et al.,[10] take the advantage of the advancement of the well-established biometric research for their recognition front-end to conduct recognition. Although this increases the restrictions on the protection system, it makes the cancellable templates more accessible for available biometric technologies.
[edit] International Trading of Biometric Data
Many countries, including the United States, already trade biometric data. To quote a 2009 testimony made before the US House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Homeland Security on "biometric identification" by Kathleen Kraninger and Robert A Mocny [11] According to article written by S. Magnuson in the National Defense Magazine, the United States Defense Department is under pressure to share biometric data.[12] To quote that article:
"Miller, (a consultant to the Office of Homeland Defense and America's security affairs) said the United States has bi-lateral agreements to share biometric data with about 25 countries. Every time a foreign leader has visited Washington during the last few years, the State Department has made sure they sign such an agreement."
[edit] Governments are unlikely to disclose full capabilities of biometric deployments
Certain members of the civilian community are worried about how biometric data is used. Unfortunately, full disclosure may not be forth coming to the civilian community. To quote the Report of the (United States) Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Biometrics [13]:
[edit] Countries applying biometrics
[edit] United States
The United States government has become a strong advocate of biometrics with the increase in fear of terrorism since September 11, 2001.
The FBI is currently spending $1 billion to create a new biometric database, which will store DNA, fingerprints, and other biometric data. The computers running the database will be contained in an underground facility about the size of a football field.[14]
Both the Department of Homeland Security and DARPA are heavily funding research into facial recognition systems.[15] The Information Processing Technology Office, ran a program known as Human Identification at a Distance which developed technologies that are capable of identifying a person at up to 500 ft by their facial features.
President Bush issued a presidential directive (NSPD 59, HSPD 24)[16] in 2008 which requires increased capability for sharing and interoperability in "collection, storage, use, analysis, and sharing of biometric and associated biographic and contextual information of individuals" among the departments and agencies of the executive branch of the U.S. federal government.[16][17]
Starting in 2005, US passports with facial (image-based) biometric data were scheduled to be produced. Privacy activists in many countries have criticized the technology's use for the potential harm to civil liberties, privacy, and the risk of identity theft. Currently, there is some apprehension in the United States (and the European Union) that the information can be "skimmed" and identify people's citizenship remotely for criminal intent, such as kidnapping.[citation needed]
The US Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card, is an ID card issued to all US Service personnel and contractors on US Military sites. This card contains biometric data and digitized photographs. It also has laser-etched photographs and holograms to add security and reduce the risk of falsification. There have been over 10 million of these cards issued.[citation needed]
According to Jim Wayman, director of the National Biometric Test Center at San Jose State University, Walt Disney World is the nation's largest single commercial application of biometrics.[18] However, the US-VISIT program will very soon surpass Walt Disney World for biometrics deployment.
The United States (US) and European Union (EU) are proposing new methods for border crossing procedures utilizing biometrics. Employing biometrically enabled travel documents will increase security and expedite travel for legitimate travelers.[citation needed]
[edit] Germany
The biometrics market in Germany will experience enormous growth until 2009. "The market size will increase from approximately 12 million € (2004) to 377 million €" (2009). "The federal government will be a major contributor to this development".[19] In particular, the biometric procedures of fingerprint and facial recognition can profit from the government project.[19] In May 2005 the German Upper House of Parliament approved the implementation of the ePass, a passport issued to all German citizens which contain biometric technology. The ePass has been in circulation since November 2005, and contains a chip that holds a digital photograph and one fingerprint from each hand, usually of the index fingers, though others may be used if these fingers are missing or have extremely distorted prints. "A third biometric identifier – iris scans – could be added at a later stage".[20] An increase in the prevalence of biometric technology in Germany is an effort to not only keep citizens safe within German borders but also to comply with the current US deadline for visa-waiver countries to introduce biometric passports.[20] In addition to producing biometric passports for German citizens, the German government has put in place new requirements for visitors to apply for visas within the country. "Only applicants for long-term visas, which allow more than three months' residence, will be affected by the planned biometric registration program. The new work visas will also include fingerprinting, iris scanning, and digital photos".[21]
Germany is also one of the first countries to implement biometric technology at the Olympic Games to protect German athletes. "The Olympic Games is always a diplomatically tense affair and previous events have been rocked by terrorist attacks - most notably when Germany last held the Games in Munich in 1972 and 11 Israeli athletes were killed".[22]
Biometric technology was first used at the Olympic Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 2004. "On registering with the scheme, accredited visitors will receive an ID card containing their fingerprint biometrics data that will enable them to access the 'German House'. Accredited visitors will include athletes, coaching staff, team management and members of the media".[22]
As a protest against the increasing use of biometric data, the influential hacker group Chaos Computer Club published a fingerprint of German Minister of the Interior Wolfgang Schäuble in the March 2008 edition of its magazine Datenschleuder. The magazine also included the fingerprint on a film that readers could use to fool fingerprint readers.[23]
[edit] Brazil
*This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Brazilian citizens have had user ID cards. The decision by the Brazilian government to adopt fingerprint-based biometrics was spearheaded by Dr. Felix Pacheco at Rio de Janeiro, at that time capital of the Federative Republic. Dr. Pacheco was a friend of Dr. Juan Vucetich, who invented one of the most complete tenprint classification systems in existence. The Vucetich system was adopted not only in Brazil, but also by most of the other South American countries. The oldest and most traditional ID Institute in Brazil (Instituto de Identificação Félix Pacheco) was integrated at DETRAN[24] (Brazilian equivalent to DMV) into the civil and criminal AFIS system in 1999.
Each state in Brazil is allowed to print its own ID card, but the layout and data are the same for all of them. The ID cards printed in Rio de Janeiro are fully digitized using a 2D bar code with information which can be matched against its owner off-line. The 2D bar code encodes a color photo, a signature, two fingerprints, and other citizen data. This technology was developed in 2000 in order to enhance the safety of the Brazilian ID cards.[citation needed]
By the end of 2005, the Brazilian government started the development of its new passport. The new documents started to be released by the beginning of 2007, in Brasilia. The new passport included several security features, like Laser perforation, UV hidden symbols, security layer over variable data and etc. Brazilian citizens will have their signature, photo, and 10 rolled fingerprints collected during passport requests. All of the data is planned to be stored in ICAO E-passport standard. This allows for contactless electronic reading of the passport content and Citizens ID verification since fingerprint templates and token facial images will be available for automatic recognition.[citation needed]
[edit] Iraq
Biometrics are being used extensively in Iraq to catalogue as many Iraqis as possible providing Iraqis with a verifiable identification card, immune to forgery. During account creation, the collected biometrics information is logged into a central database which then allows a user profile to be created. Even if an Iraqi has lost their ID card, their identification can be found and verified by using their unique biometric information. Additional information can also be added to each account record, such as individual personal history.[citation needed]
[edit] India
India is undertaking an ambitious mega project (the Multipurpose National Identity Card) to provide a unique identification number to each of its 1.25 billion people. The Identification number will be stored in a central databases. consisting the biometric information of the individual. If implemented, this would be the biggest implementation of the Biometrics in the world. India's Home Minister, P Chidambaram, described the process as "the biggest exercise... since humankind came into existence". The government will then use the information to issue identity cards. Officials in India will spend one year classifying India's population according to demographics indicators. The physical count will begin on February 2011.[25]
[edit] Italy
Italy has standardized protocols in use to police forces. Specialist and University Faculty *Enrico Manfredi d'Angrogna Luserna v. Staufen Rome University Tor Vergata - Siena University[citation needed]
[edit] United Kingdom
Fingerprint scanners used in some schools to facilitate the subtraction of funds from an account financed by parents for the payment of school dinners. By using such a system nutritional reports can be produced for parents to surveil a child's intake. This has raised questions from liberty groups as taking away the liberty of choice from the youth of society. Other concerns arise from the possibility of data leaking from the providers of school meals to interest groups that provide health services such as the NHS and insurance groups that may end up having a detrimental effect on the ability of individuals to enjoy equality of access to services.[citation needed]
[edit] Australia
Visitors intending to visit Australia may soon have to submit to biometric authentication as part of the Smartgate system, linking individuals to their visas and passports. Biometric data are already collected from some visa applicants by Immigration. Australia is the first country to introduce a Biometrics Privacy Code, which is established and administered by the Biometrics Institute. The Biometrics Institute Privacy Code Biometrics Institute forms part of Australian privacy legislation. The Code includes privacy standards that are at least equivalent to the Australian National Privacy Principles (NPPs) in the Privacy Act and also incorporates higher standards of privacy protection in relation to certain acts and practices. Only members of the Biometrics Institute are eligible to subscribe to this Code. Biometrics Institute membership, and thus subscription to this Code, is voluntary.[citation needed]
[edit] Canada
Canada has begun research into the use of biometric technology in the area of border security and immigration (Center for Security Sciences, Public Security Technical Program, Biometrics Community of Practice). Citizenship and Immigration Canada and the Canada Border Services Agency will probably be the first government institutions to fully implement the technology in Canada.[citation needed]
[edit] Israel
Main article: Biometric Database Law (Israel)
The Israeli government has passed a bill calling for the creation of a biometric database of all Israeli residents; the database will contain their fingerprints and facial contours. Upon enrolling, a resident would be issued a new form of an identification card containing these biometrics. The law is currently in its trial period, during which enrollment is optional; pending on successful trial, enrollment would be mandatory for all residents.[26]
Opponents of the proposed law, including prominent Israeli scientists and security experts, warned that the existence of such a database could damage both civil liberties and state security, because any leaks could be used by criminals or hostile individuals against Israeli residents.[27][28]
[edit] Netherlands
Starting 21 September 2009, all new Dutch passports and ID cards must include the holder's fingerprints. Since 26 August 2006, Dutch passports have included an electronic chip containing the personal details of the holder and a digitised passport photograph.[29] The chip holds following data: your name (first name(s) and surname); the document number; your nationality, date of birth and sex; the expiry date; the country of issue; and your personal ID number (Dutch tax and social security (SoFi) number).[30]
[edit] Recent requirements for passport photographs
Since 28 August 2006, under EU regulation '2252/2004' all EU member states have been obliged to include a digital image of the holder's passport photograph.[31] Criteria for accepting passport photos in Dutch travel documents Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Fotomatrix English" (PDF). http://www.paspoortinformatie.nl/dsresource?objectid=4653&type=pdf. Retrieved 6 July 2010. .
[edit] New Zealand
*This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) Find sources: "Biometrics" – news · books · scholar · images
SmartGate was launched by the New Zealand government at Auckland International Airport on Thursday 3 December 2009. It will begin operating in Wellington and Christchurch from next year.
The kiosk and gate system will allow all New Zealand and Australian electronic passport holders over 18 to clear passport control without needing to have their identity checked by a Customs officer.
Deputy comptroller of customs John Secker said SmartGate represented probably the biggest single development in border processing in New Zealand in the past two decades. People will have a choice whether they want to use the system or go through normal passport control.[32]
[edit] Biometrics in popular culture
*This "In popular culture" section may contain minor or trivial references. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances, and remove trivial references. (August 2010)
The 2002 film Minority Report features extensive use of casual Iris/Retina scanning techniques for both personal Identification and Point Of Sale transaction purposes. The main character changes his official Identity by having his eyes transplanted, and another character accesses a security system using one of the removed eyes[citation needed].
The movie Gattaca portrays a society in which there are two classes of people: those genetically engineered to be superior (termed "Valid") and the inferior natural humans ("Invalid"). People considered "Valid" have greater privileges, and access to areas restricted to such persons is controlled by automated biometric scanners similar in appearance to fingerprint scanners, but which prick the finger and sample DNA from the resulting blood droplet[citation needed].
The television program MythBusters attempted to break into a commercial security door[specify] equipped with biometric authentication as well as a personal laptop so equipped.[33][unreliable source?] While the laptop's system proved more difficult to bypass, the advanced commercial security door with "live" sensing was fooled with a printed scan of a fingerprint after it had been licked.
In Demolition Man the character Simon Phoenix cuts out a living victim's eye in order to open a locked door which is fitted with iris scanning[citation needed].
[edit] See also
Access control
AFIS
BioAPI
Biometric passport
Biometrics in schools
British biometric national identity card
Facial recognition system
Fingerprint recognition
Government databases
International Identity Federation
Iris recognition
Private biometrics
Retinal scan
Speaker recognition
Surveillance
[edit] References
^ http://www.cilab.upf.edu/biosecure1/public_docs_deli/BioSecure_Deliverable_D10-2-3_b3.pdf[dead link]
^ Jain, A. K.; Ross, Arun; Prabhakar, Salil (January 2004). "An introduction to biometric recognition". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 14th (1): 4–20. doi:10.1109/TCSVT.2003.818349
^ "CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS". Cernet. http://www.ccert.edu.cn/education/cissp/hism/039-041.html.
^ McConnell, Mike (January 2009). "KeyNote Address.". Biometric Consortium Conference. Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida,. http://www.boozallen.com/consulting-services/services_article/42861927. Retrieved 20 February 2010
^ BBC News: Malaysia car thieves steal finger
^ N. K. Ratha, J. H. Connell, and R. M. Bolle, "Enhancing security and privacy in biometrics-based authentication systems," IBM systems Journal, vol. 40, pp. 614-634, 2001.
^ S. Tulyakov, F. Farooq, and V. Govindaraju, "Symmetric Hash Functions for Fingerprint Minutiae," Proc. Int'l Workshop Pattern Recognition for Crime Prevention, Security, and Surveillance, pp. 30-38, 2005
^ A. B. J. Teoh, A. Goh, and D. C. L. Ngo, "Random Multispace Quantization as an Analytic Mechanism for BioHashing of Biometric and Random Identity Inputs," Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 28, pp. 1892-1901, 2006.
^ M. Savvides, B. V. K. V. Kumar, and P. K. Khosla, ""Corefaces"- Robust Shift Invariant PCA based Correlation Filter for Illumination Tolerant Face Recognition," presented at IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'04), 2004.
^ M. A. Dabbah, W. L. Woo, and S. S. Dlay, "Secure Authentication for Face Recognition," presented at Computational Intelligence in Image and Signal Processing, 2007. CIISP 2007. IEEE Symposium on, 2007.
^ Kraniger, K; Mocny, R. A. (March 2009). "Testimony of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy Kathleen Kraninger, Screening Coordination, and Director Robert A. Mocny, US-VISIT, National Protection and Programs Directorate, before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, "Biometric Identification"". US Department of Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/ynews/testimony/testimony_1237563811984.shtm. Retrieved 20 February 2010
^ Magnuson, S (January 2009). "Defense department under pressure to share biometric data.". NationalDefenseMagazine.org. http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/ARCHIVE/2009/JANUARY/Pages/DefenseDepartmentUnderPressuretoShareBiometricData.aspx. Retrieved 20 February 2010
^ Defense Science Board (DSB) (September 2006). "On Defense Biometrics". Unclassified Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force. Washington, D.C. 20301-3140: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense For Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA465930.pdf. Retrieved 20 February 2010
^ Arena, Kelly; Carol Cratty (4 February 2008). "FBI wants palm prints, eye scans, tattoo mapping". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/02/04/fbi.biometrics/. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
^ Frank, Thomas (10 May 2007). "Face recognition next in terror fight". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-05-10-facial-recognition-terrorism_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
^ a b Office of the Press Secretary, The White House (5 June 2008). "National Security Presidential Directive and Homeland Security Presidential Directive". Press release. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/06/20080605-8.html. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
^ Bain, Ben (6 June 2008). "Bush pushes biometrics for national security". Federal Computer Week (Media, Inc.). http://www.fcw.com/online/news/152750-1.html. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
^ Article describing Disney's 2006 biometric initiative replacing hand geometric scanners with fingerprint readers
^ a b The Biometrics Market in Germany 2004-2009: Anti-terrorism Laws Drive Growth - Market Research Reports - Research and Markets
^ a b IDABC - DE: Germany to phase-in biometric passports from November 2005
^ Migration Information Source - Germany Weighs Biometric Registration Options for Visa Applicants
^ a b Biometrics used to keep German Olympians safe - Software - Breaking Business and Technology News at silicon.com
^ Kleinz, Torsten (2008-03-31). "CCC publishes fingerprints of German Home Secretary". The H. Heise Media UK Ltd.. http://www.h-online.com/newsticker/news/item/CCC-publishes-fingerprints-of-German-Home-Secretary-734713.html. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
^ http://www.detran.rj.gov.br/_documento.asp?cod=1438
^ "India launches biometric census". BBC News. 1 April 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8598159.stm.
^ The Jerusalem Post: Knesset approves controversial Biometric Database Law
^ Digital World: Getting to know all about you and me
^ YNET: Biometric Database - A Danger to State Security
^ http://www.minbuza.nl/en/Services/Consular_Services/Dutch_passport_ID_card/Biometric_passports
^ http://www.paspoortinformatie.nl/english/Travel_documents/Reading_the_chip
^ Ministry of Home Affairs and kingdom relations. "Biometric passports". http://www.minbuza.nl/en/Services/Consular_Services/Dutch_passport_ID_card/Biometric_passports. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/compute/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501832&objectid=10613348
^[unreliable source?]Video of the Mythbusters episode on how to hack fingerprint scanners
[edit] Further reading
White Paper - Identification Flats: A Revolution in Fingerprint Biometrics. Published by Aware, Inc., March 2009.
Delac, K., Grgic, M. (2004). A Survey of Biometric Recognition Methods.
NBSP Biometric Technology Application Manual. Published by the National Biometric Security Project (NBSP), the BTAM is a comprehensive reference manual on biometric technology applications.
"Fingerprints Pay For School Lunch." (2001). Retrieved 2008-03-02. [1]
"Germany to phase-in biometric passports from November 2005". (2005). E-Government News. Retrieved 2006-06-11. [2]
Oezcan, V. (2003). "Germany Weighs Biometric Registration Options for Visa Applicants", Humboldt University Berlin. Retrieved 2006-06-11.
Voice recognition – benefits and challenges of this biometric application for access control
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics"
Categories: Biometrics | Surveillance
Home
Tembhli dials 'Peepli [Live]' ahead of Aadhaar launch
In the past fortnight, Tembhli has received a complete makeover: the roads are new; every hut in the village of 261 households has been fitted with an electric light; women here brag about handpumps that have started working
Tembhli (Nandurbar), Maharashtra: Ministers, politicians, bureaucrats and the media are all making a beeline for this nondescript village, populated by tribals, in one corner of Maharashtra, much like they do to a fictional village that resembles this one in Peepli [Live], a movie released not so long ago.
If, on Tuesday, Tembhli had as many policemen as residents, and also the nation's eyes on it, blame it on the village's distinction as the place from where Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and Congress and National Advisory Council chief Sonia Gandhi will launch, on Wednesday, Aadhaar, India's ambitious unique identity programme that seeks to give every resident of the country a unique ID number.
Loading video...
In the past fortnight, Tembhli has received a complete makeover: the roads are new; every hut in the village of 261 households has been fitted with an electric light; women here brag about handpumps that have started working.
Yet, the talk of the town (er, village) are the gadgets on which fingerprints are recorded, irises scanned, photographs taken, and all details displayed. Everyone in Tembhli is part of the database of Aadhaar and while they have willingly shared their personal information with UID officials who have been here for days, they do not really seem to know what they stand to gain by doing so. "We are told that it will solve all our problems and help in development of the village," said Shabribai, the sarpanch of the gram panchayat. Just how she can't tell.
"We have been enrolling around 300-350 people every day since 20 September and until now around 1,500 people's biometric data has been recorded," said a UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) official. "When the Prime Minister and Mrs Gandhi come for the launch, 10 people will be allotted numbers; the rest will be given (theirs) later," he added, asking, strangely enough for a man in his position, not to be identified.
Most residents of Tembhli migrate to Gujarat, just across the border, for between six and eight months every year seeking work; they own no land. "The entire village is empty during those times," said villager Sujabai.
"Since most people migrate to Gujarat, the unique ID will help them avail various benefits under government schemes, which they cannot avail right now as they lack a proper identity," said the UID official. The Aadhaar project aims to link various government schemes such as MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and the Rural Health Mission to ensure that their targeted beneficiaries actually benefit from them.
The policemen here have another take: they believe the number will help them track down criminals and establish identity of dead in case of accidents.
The possibility that the data will be used to do that, to target minorities or simply be misused, has resulted in some opposition to Aadhaar from activists concerned that a scheme of this magnitude is being introduced without debate. These activists held a meeting in New Delhi on Tuesday and one of them, justice A.P. Shah, a former chief justice of the Delhi high court, said that "three countries, the US, the UK, and Australia explored the possibilities of national ID cards and then abandoned the project on issues related to cost and privacy".
Aadhaar's chief Nandan Nilekani has always maintained that the unique ID is more like the social security number issued to all residents in the US and not a national identity number. He has also previously said that UIDAI would merely issue the number and that the card itself would be issued by one of its partners. India is also working on a privacy law that will address some of the concerns raised by the activists, as reported by Mint on 21 June.
In Tembhli, such concerns are far from Phool Singh Tar Singh Takrey's mind. His house collapsed during the rains and he wants to ask the Prime Minister for a new one. His family doesn't have a ration card, which will entitle them to subsidized or free foodgrain, and he is hoping the unique ID will help him get one. Mint reported on 12 August that India's food ministry was exploring the option of linking the public distribution system with Aadhaar.
Takrey and his fellow residents at Tembhli can also look forward to other goodies: Gandhi will allot plots of land to tribals and State Bank of India, the country's largest lender, will likely launch its nationwide scheme of smart cards to enable banking for the poor on the occasion.
The villagers are hoping the changes rung in by Wednesday's launch will remain.
Pramod Chitte, a policeman stationed here, isn't sure. What he knows is that the village will be remembered in some way. "I am sure Tembhli's name will come up in quizzes as the place where Aadhaar was started from."
Tembhli (Nandurbar), Maharashtra: Ministers, politicians, bureaucrats and the media are all making a beeline for this nondescript village, populated by tribals, in one corner of Maharashtra, much like they do to a fictional village that resembles this one in Peepli [Live], a movie released not so long ago.
If, on Tuesday, Tembhli had as many policemen as residents, and also the nation's eyes on it, blame it on the village's distinction as the place from where Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and Congress and National Advisory Council chief Sonia Gandhi will launch, on Wednesday, Aadhaar, India's ambitious unique identity programme that seeks to give every resident of the country a unique ID number.
Loading video...
In the past fortnight, Tembhli has received a complete makeover: the roads are new; every hut in the village of 261 households has been fitted with an electric light; women here brag about handpumps that have started working.
Yet, the talk of the town (er, village) are the gadgets on which fingerprints are recorded, irises scanned, photographs taken, and all details displayed. Everyone in Tembhli is part of the database of Aadhaar and while they have willingly shared their personal information with UID officials who have been here for days, they do not really seem to know what they stand to gain by doing so. "We are told that it will solve all our problems and help in development of the village," said Shabribai, the sarpanch of the gram panchayat. Just how she can't tell.
"We have been enrolling around 300-350 people every day since 20 September and until now around 1,500 people's biometric data has been recorded," said a UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) official. "When the Prime Minister and Mrs Gandhi come for the launch, 10 people will be allotted numbers; the rest will be given (theirs) later," he added, asking, strangely enough for a man in his position, not to be identified.
Most residents of Tembhli migrate to Gujarat, just across the border, for between six and eight months every year seeking work; they own no land. "The entire village is empty during those times," said villager Sujabai.
"Since most people migrate to Gujarat, the unique ID will help them avail various benefits under government schemes, which they cannot avail right now as they lack a proper identity," said the UID official. The Aadhaar project aims to link various government schemes such as MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and the Rural Health Mission to ensure that their targeted beneficiaries actually benefit from them.
The policemen here have another take: they believe the number will help them track down criminals and establish identity of dead in case of accidents.
The possibility that the data will be used to do that, to target minorities or simply be misused, has resulted in some opposition to Aadhaar from activists concerned that a scheme of this magnitude is being introduced without debate. These activists held a meeting in New Delhi on Tuesday and one of them, justice A.P. Shah, a former chief justice of the Delhi high court, said that "three countries, the US, the UK, and Australia explored the possibilities of national ID cards and then abandoned the project on issues related to cost and privacy".
Aadhaar's chief Nandan Nilekani has always maintained that the unique ID is more like the social security number issued to all residents in the US and not a national identity number. He has also previously said that UIDAI would merely issue the number and that the card itself would be issued by one of its partners. India is also working on a privacy law that will address some of the concerns raised by the activists, as reported by Mint on 21 June.
In Tembhli, such concerns are far from Phool Singh Tar Singh Takrey's mind. His house collapsed during the rains and he wants to ask the Prime Minister for a new one. His family doesn't have a ration card, which will entitle them to subsidized or free foodgrain, and he is hoping the unique ID will help him get one. Mint reported on 12 August that India's food ministry was exploring the option of linking the public distribution system with Aadhaar.
Takrey and his fellow residents at Tembhli can also look forward to other goodies: Gandhi will allot plots of land to tribals and State Bank of India, the country's largest lender, will likely launch its nationwide scheme of smart cards to enable banking for the poor on the occasion.
The villagers are hoping the changes rung in by Wednesday's launch will remain.
Pramod Chitte, a policeman stationed here, isn't sure. What he knows is that the village will be remembered in some way. "I am sure Tembhli's name will come up in quizzes as the place where Aadhaar was started from."
Elizabeth Roche in New Delhi contributed to this story.
http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/29002304/Tembhli-dials-8216Peepli-L.html
Building institutions through identity
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PM, Sonia launch 'Aadhaar', the Unique ID project
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<div class="video-thumb thumbnail"><a class="js-link thumbnail-toggle" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="return false;"><img src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LBYIesQVV1E/default.jpg" alt="" class="thumbnail" width="120" height="90"> <div class="icon play-icon"></div></a></div> <div class="video-details"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBYIesQVV1E">PM, Sonia launch 'Aadhaar', the Unique ID project</a> <span class="source">NewsX</span> - 6 hours ago <div class="icon video-icon"></div> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBYIesQVV1E">Watch video</a></div>
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