US Offers Weapon System for Brahaminical Zionist India as Hindus appeal the world to do more for uprooted and stateless as More Weapns needed for Economic Ethnic Cleansing in the divided bleeding South Asian Geopolitics!

US Offers Weapon System for Brahaminical Zionist India as Hindus appeal the world to do more for uprooted and stateless as More Weapns needed for Economic Ethnic Cleansing in the divided bleeding South Asian Geopolitics!

Centre to write to parties on caste category in census: Pranab

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - Four Hundred Nine

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

Centre to write to parties on caste category in census: Pranab

US Offers Weapon System for Brahaminical Zionist India as Hindus appeal the world to do more for uprooted and stateless as More Weapns needed for Economic Ethnic Cleansing in the divided bleeding South Asian Geopolitics!As India inches closer to finalising the purchase of 126 fighter aircraft, the US has offered India top of the line defence weapon systems.

Hindus have appealed to the various nations of the world to do more for refugees, displaced persons, asylum seekers and stateless people.Meanwhile,a new terminal was inaugurated at the busy New Delhi airport on Saturday just 37 months after work began, providing a much needed boost to India's faltering infrastructure ambitions.In a bid to ease traffic congestion in the national capital region (NCR) before the Commonwealth Games in Delhi, all major connecting roads, including highways, will be widened, an official said Saturday.

In a bid to bring about consensus on inclusion of caste in census, the Centre will write to all political parties seeking their views on the issue, Union finance minister Pranab Mukherjee said on Saturday.

Emerging out of a meeting with Tamil Nadu chief minister M Karunanidhi at his residence here, Mukherjee told reporters that he had apprised the DMK leader of the deliberations of the Group of Ministers (GoM) meeting on the caste in census issue.

The Centre decided to seek the views of political parties as there was no consensus among the GoM. "Different opinions were expressed by the ministers. The Group of Ministers will meet further to take a decision on the issue," Mukherjee, who heads the GoM, said.

At its meeting on July 1, the GoM had failed to come to a conclusion on the politically-sensitive issue of including caste category in the census following which it decided to seek views of political parties.

The GoM was set up last month after consensus eluded two meetings of the Union Cabinet.

Parties such as SP, RJD and JD(U) have strongly pitched for including caste category in the exercise.

On direct taxes reforms, he said all the states had been informed about tax reforms, goods and services tax and direct tax code. The states have to work in close coordination with the Centre in finalising and implementing the reforms.

He also apprised Karunanidhi on the direct tax code, and about goods and service tax.

The Pentagon has said that three agreements that are currently being negotiated between India and the US would allow the country to share key American technologies. "Pentagon is working with India to put three foundational agreements in place with New Delhi that would allow American frontline technologies to be shared with the country," top Pentagon official Michele Flournoy was quoted as saying.

Her comments come as India is in the final stages of finalising the $10 billion deal to buy 126 fighter aircrafts. US companies Boeing with its F-18 super hornet and Lockheed Martin with its F-16 fighting Falcons are among the bidders for the contract. Making a strong pitch for awarding of the contract to the US companies, Pentagon official Michele Flournoy pushed for US solutions for India's defence needs" and said India should opt for American fighter jets as it would pave the way for "more effective protection of mutual security interest in the future" .

"Today, two American companies are among the leading competitors for the $10 billion sale of 126 advanced fighter aircraft to the Indian Air Force, currently the world's biggest defence tender. And we are also looking at future defence sales of the C-17 , as another example of near-term defence cooperation," she said. The Pentagon official also emphasised that the US looked at defence sales as strategic decisions . "I want to underscore though that we in the Department of Defence do not view defence sales as mere commercial transactions... We understand that India is making a strategic as well as an economic choice when it makes defence acquisitions," she said.

"Obviously the commercial benefits of defence sales to the US economy can't be denied. But from a DOD perspective , these sales are even more important in building a strategic partnership that will allow both countries to cooperate more effectively, to protect their mutual security interests in the future," Ms Flournoy said.

The Pentagon official not only held out the promise of top of the line technology but also revealed that the US is making export control reforms a key priority. `` We see streamlining and modernising of export control system as a national security priority and one that directly affects our ability to build and sustain these key partnerships" .

She further said that US would continue to work with India on countering the spread of WMD, maritime cooperation and identifying new technologies to combat the threat. She noted that US arms sales to India were increasing and pointed out the recent purchase by New Delhi of C-130 J Hercules Transport Aircraft, P-81 Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft and the proposed sale of heavy-lift C-17 Aircraft.
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Vol. 29	July 1st - 15th 2010	No. 13
Editorial
MUSLIMS KICK OUT MARXISTS BUT GET FOOLED BY A FEMALE MONSTER - Blood-thirsty "Calcutta Kali" gets ready to take over Bengal : Big victory for Bhadralok
Reports
Brahminism also kills football China learns danger of Jews Editor's London visit
Articles
Zionist Israel rules the world Closing down DV — A Debate DV's "closing down" warning melts a Dalit student living abroad Brahmins in US decide not to give up Brahminism & their "caste identity Brahmins love their caste Brahmin leadership of Dalit Maoists DV committed mistake on Obama COMMUNICATION : "Christians services to be written in letters of gold": DV on church

   

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Protests in Anantnag after curfew relaxed

Srinagar Police fired warning shots and lobbed teargas shells to disperse stone-pelting protestors during two-hour curfew relaxation in old Anantnag town this on Saturday morning even as authorities imposed curfew in two more areas of Trehgam and Kupwara towns after agitation by locals.
Barring uptown areas of Srinagar, curfew restrictions continued to be in place in Baramulla, Mattan, Bijbehara, Dooru, Kokernag, Achhabal in Anantnag, Qaimoh in Kulgam and Pulwama districts.
Curfew imposed in Anantnag town on June 29 following killing of three persons was relaxed for two hours from 7 AM this morning in old town areas. However, the relaxation was withdrawn as people took to the streets in Lal Chowk and Sherpora areas and pelted stones on law enforcing agencies, police said.
As the protests intensified, police lobbed tear gas shells and fired in the air to disperse the protestors, police said, adding no one was injured.
Authorities imposed curfew in Trehgam and Kupwara towns in Kupwara district on Saturday which witnessed protests on Friday in which three persons were injured.
In Srinagar, authorities lifted curfew from civil lines area but the restrictions continued in the four police station areas of Nowhatta, Khanyar, Maharajgun and Safakadal areas in view of the tense situation in the wake of protests by residents last night, police said.
Restrictions were also in place in Maisuma in the heart of the city.
Curfew was imposed in seven police station areas of old city on June 28 following violent protests over the killing of youths in alleged firing by security forces.
Additional contingents of police and paramilitary forces continued to patrol the deserted streets of the valley, where life remained crippled for the eighth successive day due to the curfew restrictions and strike.
Government offices, educational institutions, banks, semi-government offices, shops and business markets remained closed and transport, both public and private, was off the roads.
Meanwhile, Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission postponed exams scheduled on Saturday and Sunday.
"The examinations and screening tests scheduled for 3rd July and 4th July 2010 have been postponed", the commission said.

US interested in India's emergence as regional power

WASHINGTON: The United States is interested in India's emergence as a regional power, a senior defence policy official has said, describing India an increasingly important partner to the US. "The Obama administration is committed to strengthening regional partnerships, to build an international system capable of addressing the challenges that have no respect for borders," Michele Flournoy, undersecretary of defence for policy, told members of the Asia Society Thursday. "In Asia, this means it no longer makes sense to discuss this increasingly interconnected region in terms of East Asian security, or South Asian security," she said. Noting that the cooperation and collaboration between the United States and India grows out of shared values and shared interests, Flournoy said the relationship between the two nations is maturing Defence cooperation between the nations served as a catalyst for the increasingly close relationship, and Defence Department officials are working to expand military-to-military ties, she said. India has become an important economic, political and security partner, and that partnership spans a range of interests, Flournoy told the group. "Some critics in Washington and New Delhi have suggested the Obama administration is not as committed to US-India relations as its predecessors were," she said. "Other critics assert that this administration sees India solely through the lens of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Still others think that the absence of high-profile, headline-grabbing deals and accomplishments over the last 18 months suggests that we don't view this relationship as important." The critics are wrong, she said underlining "The US-India relationship is not built on, and cannot be sustained on, grand gestures or brief moments of crisis." "This bond is grounded in common democratic values and converging interests that make India and US natural partners. The US and India have an overarching shared interest in promoting global stability and security." The two nations are maritime countries that depend on free passage of the seas, and India and the United States work together to ensure maritime security, Flournoy said. Both countries also have an abiding interest in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and other dangerous high technologies, she added. US-Indian defence relations have evolved from solely military-to-military links into a more comprehensive fabric, Flournoy said, in a relationship that encompasses dialogues, exercises, defence sales and practical cooperation. "The growth and comprehensiveness of this relationship is nothing short of remarkable, she said. "Now the two countries must sustain and expand upon the gains made to date."

Bhopal gas tragedy: What happened on the night of death?
8 Jun 2010, 1712 hrs IST
ET Bureau

9.00 pm: Water cleaning of pipes starts

10.00 pm: Water enters tank 610, reaction starts

10.30 pm: Gases are emitted from vent gas scrubber tower
Next
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowpics/6024222.cms

Bhopal gas tragedy: Dow's double standards exposed

3 Jul 2010, 1610 hrs IST,Subodh Varma,TNN
Here is something for legal eagles of the government of India to chew on: while Dow Chemical Company denies any responsibility for damages caused by Union Carbide in Bhopal, it has taken over all liability of Carbide for fighting out over 75,000 asbestos related law suits in the US. Dow/Carbide expects to incur liability costs of $839 million in the coming years. They have already spent a whopping $687 million in litigation costs, besides paying out $1,480 million to an unspecified number of claimants till date. Carbide became a subsidiary of Dow through a merger in 2001.

These facts, gleaned from the mandatory annual filing (Form 10-k ) for 2009 submitted by Dow to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the US on February 19, 2010, clearly establish that Dow has taken over Union Carbide liabilities for bodily damages caused by the latter's commercial activities. In the case of Bhopal, Dow has consistently claimed that it had nothing to do with the massive gas leak disaster of December 3, 1984 in the pesticide plant run by Union Carbide.

In 1994, Union Carbide (USA) sold off its interest of 50.9% in Union Carbide (India) to Macleod Russel (India) which renamed it as Eveready Industries India. According to Dow, its connection with UCIL doesn't exist because it took over the parent company only in 2001. But, according to N D Jaiprakash, one of the petitioners in the lawsuits on Bhopal, Union Carbide (USA) had already been declared an absconder in 1992 and it is named in the chargesheet filed by the Union government. ''All criminal liability, as also liability for clean up of contamination caused by Carbide prior to disaster naturally passes to Dow,'' he explains.

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In the US asbestosis cases, Dow is defending or settling the suits on behalf of Union Carbide as well as Carbide's subsidiary Amchem Products Limited, which Carbide took over in 1977. In India, Dow is distancing itself from Union Carbide (USA), which in turn is washing its hands off its own subsidiary Union Carbide India Limited.

According to the latest Form 10-k filing by Dow, there were 75,030 unresolved asbestosis related claims at the end of 2009, including 24,146 claims against both Union Carbide and Amchem. There are over 50,000 individual claimants. Dow/Carbide settled 9,131 claims in 2009.

Of the $839 million estimated future liability reported in the 10-k filing, about 23% is for existing pending claims and 77% is for future claims. Asbestosis claims have arisen from thousands of people who were exposed to asbestos used by companies in the 1940s and 50s. Inhalation of asbestos fibres causes four categories of compensable diseases: mesothelioma; lung cancer; certain other cancers (colon-rectal, throat, intestines and stomach); and nonmalignant conditions like lung damage. Claimants are seeking compensation for a variety of causes including negligent failure to warn, strict liability, breach of express and implied warranty, negligent infliction of emotional distress, enhanced risk of disease, medical monitoring, and civil conspiracy. A Supreme Court appointed committee said in 1991 that by 2015, about 265,000 people would have suffered damage from asbestos.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/Bhopal-gas-tragedy-Dows-double-standards-exposed/articleshow/6124488.cms

Global worries hit Indian market

Mumbai Global economic apprehensions of a slowdown in manufacturing growth in the coming months on debt crisis in Europe pulled down the BSE benchmark Sensex by 114 points during the week.
Metal shares slid sharply on heavy selling. The BSE-Metal index fell 500.58 points or 3.36 per cent, after the Conference Board, a US-based research group, corrected its April 2010 gauge to assess the outlook of China's economy.
IT shares dropped on profit-taking in view of dismal US economic data, while banking stocks moved down on rate hike worries (RBI raised key rates after market closed on Friday).
However, capital goods, small-cap, mid-cap and oil & gas sectors firmed up on good support as exports rose for the seventh straight month in May 2010, growing at a rate of 35 per cent per annum to USD 16.1 billion

US stocks sink after mixed jobs report

New York US stocks posted modest losses as investors digested a mixed June employment report showing the economy shed more jobs than expected and a surprise dip in the unemployment rate.
Paring earlier losses, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 46.05 points (0.47 per cent) to 9,686.48 in closing trades.
The tech-rich Nasdaq composite index slid 9.57 points (0.46 per cent) to 2,091.79 and the S&P 500 index, a broader measure of the markets, shed 4.79 points (0.47 per cent) at 1,022.58.
"The jobs report showed the unemployment rate and the drop in jobs were better than expected, while private-sector job growth and average hourly earnings were below expectations," Charles Schwab & Co analysts said in a client note.

RBI hikes short-term interest rates

Mumbai The Reserve Bank of India raised key short-term policy rates by 25 basis points in an unscheduled announcement to tame doubled-digit inflation, but bankers said this won't lead to any hike in interest rates for now.
Welcoming the steps taken by RBI, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said, "(they) are desirable given that core inflation has risen and credit situation is tight."
The increase in rates comes ahead of the July 27 policy review by the apex bank, which feels that money supply in the system has started easing in contrast to the crunch felt just a fortnight ago, when corporate demand for funds shot up.
RBI's decision to increase the short-term rates at which it lends (repo) and borrows (reverse repo) money from commercial banks, however, may not have any immediate impact on the interest rates which home and car loan seekers and corporate borrowers pay, say bankers.
Mukherjee also expressed satisfaction over the decision of the RBI to not raise the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), the amount of deposits that banks are required to keep with the central bank. "It is good that RBI has not raised CRR," he added.
The hike in repo and reverse repo by 25 basis points to 5.50 per cent and 4 per cent, respectively, "should contain inflation and anchor inflationary expectations going forward, while not hurting the recovery process," said the RBI.
Wholesale prices-based inflation crossed double digits (10.16 per cent provisionally) in May, but as per final figures, the rate of price rise has been 11 per cent or more since February. Food inflation eased to 12.92 per cent in the third week of June from above 16 per cent.
Justifying its mid-course action, the RBI said, "The developments on the inflation front, however, raise several concerns... Food price inflation and consumer price inflation remain at elevated levels. There has been some moderation in food price inflation, but the price index of food articles continues to increase."
RBI had earlier increased the repo and reverse-repo rates by 25 basis points in April.

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Military Budget

The Finance Division of the Ministry of Defence is headed by the Secretary (Defence Finance)/Financial Adviser (Defence Services). The SDF/FADS is tasked with the exercising of financial control over the proposals involving expenditure from the Defence Budget and the Ministry of Defence (Civil) estimates, and with the responsibility for internal audit and accounting of the Defense Expenditure and expenditure from the Civil Estimates. In the task of internal audit and accounting, the Controller General of Defence Accounts (CGDA) assists the SDF/FADS.

Defense planners face the task of reviewing programmes in the light of changes, which have taken place at the global level, as well as in the context of specific threats in the region. The endeavor of the defence planners is to balance the minimum requirements of Defence Forces and the need to modernize them, without unduly straining the national economy.

The rules provide that no expenditure which has not been provided for in the Budget or which having been provided, has not been sanctioned shall be authorized without the concurrence of the Finance Division. The strict observance of this rule is automatically ensured as the Controllers of Defence Accounts will not make any disbursement in respect of charges not covered by regulations or Government orders.

Until 1962 defense spending was deliberately limited. In the wake of the war with China, defense spending rose from 2.1 percent of the gross national product in fiscal year 1962 to 4.5 percent in FY 1964. In FY 1994, defense spending was slightly less than 5 percent of gross domestic product. In terms of dollars, FY 1994 total defense services expenditures were projected at US$7.2 billion (but are likely to have been close to US$7.8 billion). Proportionately, based on figures provided by the government, 48.4 percent of expenditures were for the army, 15.7 percent for the air force, 5.9 percent for the navy, and 30 percent for capital outlays for defense services and defense ordnance factories. The latter provide matériel to the armed forces through some thirty-nine ordnance factories and eight public-sector enterprises that build ships, aircraft, and major defense items.

The defense budget for FY 1994 was 6.5 percent higher than the revised estimate for FY 1993. The allocation increased to 14.9 percent of the total central government budget, up from 13 percent in the previous two fiscal years. Nuclear energy and space research are not fully accounted for in the defense budget, but most paramilitary forces fall within the purview of the Ministry of Defence.

After the Kargil war in 1999, the defence forces were spending less than the allocation. During 1999-2000, the defence forces spent Rs 48,504 crore - nearly Rs 3,000 crore more than the allotted sum of Rs 45, 694 crore. In 2000-01, they spent Rs 54,461 crore as against the allocation of Rs 58,587 crore – less than Rs 4,000 crore. In 2001-02, the defence forces are estimated to have spent Rs 57, 000 crore as against the revised allocation of Rs 65, 000 crore – a big gap of Rs 8,000 crore.

(Rs. In crores)

FINANCIAL YEAR	ACTUALS / ALLOCATION	PERCENTAGE INCREASE OVER EARLIER YEAR
1996-1997	29505.08	9.86
1997-1998	35277.99	19.57
1998-1999	39897.58	13.10
1999-2000	47070.63	17.98
2000-2001 (RE)	54460.91	15.70
2001-2002 (BE)	62000.00	13.84

The increase in defence allocation for 2002-03 over 2001-02 was modest. The Finance Minister, Mr Yashwant Sinha, proposed a defence budget of Rs 65,000 crore against Rs 62, 000 crore allocated in the fiscal which is coming to an end. A significant development in the current fiscal is that the Defence Ministry will be spending only Rs 57,000 crore out of the allotted Rs 62,000 crore, leaving a shortfall of Rs 5000 crore. Thus, compared with the actual expenditure during the current fiscal, the budget proposes an increase of Rs 8,000 crore. The allocation for the Army has been fixed at Rs 35,368.72 crore, marking an increase of 6.69 per cent. It, in fact, gets reduced to 2.59 per cent while making allowance for inflation. The increase covers a number of sectors ranging from other equipment like tanks, artillery and electronic hardware such as weapon-locating radars, welfare and housing and stores (upgradation of existing assets). The increase on account of other equipment is a huge Rs 1,400 crore, revealing the government's plan to provide the Army with the modern tools of war. The Air Force gets Rs 15, 589 crore, an increase of 30 per cent over the revised estimates. The allocation is expected to take care of the upgrading of the fighter aircraft (MiG-21 BiS), licence payment for manufacturing of SU-30 fighter aircraft and purchase of Jaguars from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

			(Rs. in crores)
Year	Budget Estimates	Revised Estimates	Actual Expenditure
2002-2003	65,000	56,000	55,661.83
2003-2004	65,300	60,300	60,065.80
2004-2005	77,000	77,000	75,835.14*
*Provisional, accounts not yet closed.

In July 2004, in order to catch up with the backlog of expenditure that had not been provided for, the Government increased the allocation for Defence to Rs.77,000 crore. After a gap, defence expenditure in 2004-05 has matched the Budget Estimates. It was proposed to increase the allocation for Defence in 2005-06 to Rs.83,000 crore, which included an allocation of Rs.34,375 crore for capital expenditure.

The Defence and Defence related Expenditure is about Rs.95,922 crores (2004-05), including the Civil Estimates of around Rs.16,000 crores comprising about Rs.11,000 crores towards Defense Pensions. The outlay for defence services in the Budget 2004-05 is Rs 77000 Cr. This consists of Rs 43,517.15 Cr for revenue expenditure and Rs 33.482.85 Cr for capital expenditure. The allocation is 17.92 per cent more compared to 2003-04 Budget. The increased outlay, particularly for capital expenditure, is a reflection of the Government's keenness to ensure speedy modernisation of the Armed Forces.

Service-wise allocation for 2004-05 vis-a-vis Budget 2003-04 is as follows:

	2003-04 Budget	2004-05 Budget
Army	34202.53	36277.50
Navy	11980.66	13149.97
Air Force	15419.32	23270.53
DGOF	(-)366.41	(-)139.58
R&D	3647.60	4000.94
DGQA	416.30	440.64
Total	65,300.00	77,000.00
Total $US	$14.74 billion	$17.38 billion

The budget estimates 2004-05 cater to increased allocation for each of the services and research and development activities. An attempt is made to provide funds to meet the Service commitments both for meeting their maintenance requirements and modernisation. In addition to the above, one new feature in this year's Budget is exempting from income tax the family pension received by widows, children and nominated heirs of members of the Armed Forces and the para military forces killed in the course of operational duties.

:Non-Plan Expenditure for Defence Services: (net of recoveries and revenue receipts in Rs. Crores)

Head	2004-05 Budget	2004-05 Revised	2005-06 Budget	% Change Budget 2005-06 over budget of 2004-05
(A) Revenue (B) Capital	43517 33483	43517 33483	48625 34375	11.74 2.66
Total	77000	77000	83000	7.79

The Union Budget for 2005-06 was presented to the parliament by the Finance Minister, Mr. P. Chidambaram on the 28th of February, 2005. In this, the allocation for Defence has been increased by about eight per cent over that of the last year from Rs.77,000 crore to Rs. 83,000 crore, or about $18.5 billion at current exchange rates.

Purchasing Power Parity [PPP] is an indicator of the real conversion factor that should be used when comparing dollar and rupee costs. Prior to the the switchover to a flexible exchange rate arrangement in India in 1993, by one estimate the PPP ratio was about three. In the period after the float, by this analysis the market rate was close to the PPP value. [SOURCE] Another observer suggested that by 2003 the PPP was around six, that is, a salary of Rs 6 lakh in India is equivalent to a salary of one lakh dollars in the US. By 2004 the PPP was estimated at about five, or perhaps somewhere between six and eight. The precise PPP would depend on the basket of good --- that is, in principle there is a PPP that is specific to military spending, which would be different from that for the economy in general. Factoring in PPP, India's military budget might thus be estimated as the equivalent of about $100 billion.

The allocation for defence for the year 2005-06 is well in tune with the policy of the government to give this core sector its due. The defence expenditure pegged at Rs 83,000 crore for the year amounts to an increase of Rs 6,000 crore or 7.79 per cent over the current year (2004-05). The revised estimate for the new fiscal has been kept at the level of Rs 77,000 crore, the same as in the budgetary estimate (BE) of the current one. The provision for revenue expenditure in the forthcoming fiscal is Rs 48,624.86 crore. The allocation for capital is Rs 34,375.14 crore which includes Rs 2,541.86 crore for research and development and Rs 1,364 crore for married accommodation project.

The proposed increase in defence expenditure should take care of the normal growth in pay and allowances, inflation and other specific requirements. The bulk of the capital outlay goes to meet the requirements for the ongoing acquisition projects. The allocation for capital will be providing over Rs 7,000 crore for new projects for modernisation of the forces.

India has to make up for what has been known as the lost decade of defence modernisation. In 2002-03 alone, it surrendered Rs 9,000 crore (Rs 90 billion). In view of this, last year the Budget had Rs 33,483 crore earmarked for capital purchases. But that was hardly sufficient for the whole purpose. The government decided to buy Mirage jets as well as Hawk trainer fighters. For the Navy, India had decided to go in for the aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov along with its MiG-29 fighters. Payments had to be made to honour contracts for airborne warning and control system (AWACS). The previous Government had signed these contracts but made no allocation for the same. Besides, New Delhi has had plans to purchase submarines, more multi-role fighter aircraft, multiple-rocket launchers, plane-based radar systems, light helicopters and artillery guns and many other sophisticated equipment for the three Services. The multi-role fighters and submarines alone are estimated to cost over Rs 20,000 crore. In other words, the last year's capital outlay left little for any fresh defence acquisition. No wonder, immediately after the Budget was presented last year, Defence Minister indicated that the amount earmarked for capital purchases might not be enough for other necessary fresh contracts and he might have to seek additional funds from the Union Finance Ministry. The proposed capital expenditure has to be assessed in this context.

It is, however, expected that the new allocation would enable the Services to move forward in the direction of their fresh acquisitions. Pertinently, in the new budget the revised estimate (RE) of the defence expenditure (DE) is the same as the budgeted estimate (BE). It means that the amount allocated at the beginning of the current fiscal has been fully spent. One can hope the trend to use the capital outlay would continue. The capital outlay for research and development has been increased from Rs 1,657.78 crore in the current fiscal to Rs 2,541.86 crore in the new one. This should help the DRDO in giving a momentum to some of its ongoing programmes. India has already started deploying its short range 700 kms Agni-I and intermediate range 2,000 kms plus Agni II surface-to-surface missiles. The DRDO is all set to carry forward the process of missile research and development programme so crucial for the country's doctrine of 'credible nuclear deterrence' and triad. There has ,of late, been an increasing interface between the designer engineers and user agencies so as to determine what exactly is needed by the Services.

The DRDO is developing a contemporary weapon locating radar for the Army. It is speeding up the manufacture of the main battle tank (MBT) Arjun to ensure its supply to the Army by due date. It has also been working on several naval projects. There are some analysts who argue that there is no fair increase in capital allocation this year. According to them, the provision for Defence Services Estimates in the Budget Estimates-2004-05 was Rs 77,000 crore. This had Rs 43,517.15 crore for Revenue Expenditure and Rs 33,482.85 crore for Capital Expenditure. The allocation of Rs 77,000 crore was an increase of 17.92 per cent over the provision of Rs 65,300 crore made in Budget Estimates of 2003-04. The capital outlay of the DE in 2004-05 increased by an almost 100 per cent from Rs 16,863 crore to Rs 33,483 crore. In contrast, in the fiscal year 2005-06, the capital outlay has increased marginally by 2.66 per cent from Rs 33,483 crore to Rs 34,375 crore.

In the Interim Budget 2009-10, the allocation for Defence was increased to Rs.1,41,703 crore (US $29 billion), about 35 percent increase in current prices from the previous year's revised estimates. The total revised expenditure for 2008-09 was Rs.1,14,600 crore. The Plan expenditure will be to the tune of Rs.86,879 crore against Rs.73,600 crore and will include Rs. 54,824 crore for capital expenditure as against Rs.41,000 crore in the RE for 2008-09. The raise has been made "to strengthen the security in view of the recent terror attacks." The Interim Budget 2009-2010 was presented to the Parliament on Feb 16, 2009 by Shri. Pranab Mukherjee, Hon. Min. of Finance and External Affairs, Govt. of India.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/budget.htm

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The new cockpit...         28-Jun-2010                                             *Babcock completes trials of SSBN communications buoy                   Babcock Integrated Technology has completed towing tank trials of a new Very Low Frequency (VLF) submarine communications buoy (SCB) shape in support of the ...         28-Jun-2010                                             *EPS debuts new vehicles                   Two new vehicles were debuted by Enhanced Protection Systems UK (EPS) at the Defence Vehicles Dynamics (DVD) 2010 exhibition. The Dingo and single-seat Whippet ...         28-Jun-2010                                             *END in sight for mine countermeasures device                   The NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) in La Spezia, Italy is undertaking a series of trials on its prototype Expendable Neutralisation Device (END) mine countermeasures...         28-Jun-2010                                             US KC-10s ready for civil clearance                   Boeing will upgrade the US Air Force's fleet of 59 KC-10 Extender aerial refuelling aircraft with new avionics under a USD216 million contract. The...         25-Jun-2010                                             *Boeing airs single-screen 'glass' cockpit for Super Hornet                   Boeing is developing a single-screen 'glass' cockpit for the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet that it hopes to offer to the US and international markets for ...         25-Jun-2010                                             New ammunition in development for UK forces                   BAE Systems Global Combat Systems Munitions is investing in the design and development of new ammunition to meet the potential requirements of the British ...         25-Jun-2010                                             MBDA bids new MMP for MILAN replacement                   MBDA is offering the Missile Moyenne Portée (MMP) anti-tank missile to the French government as an alternative to the Lockheed Martin-Raytheon Javelin and Rafael Spike,...         25-Jun-2010                                             US armed forces still have much to do in realm of cyber war                   The US Department of Defense (DoD) recently stood up its new Cyber Command (CYBERCOM) and each military service is in the process of establishing its...         23-Jun-2010                                             *Raytheon plans to roll out RT3 to US units                   This is an updated version of an article published on 19 June 2010. Raytheon is looking to field its Reconfigurabe Table Top Trainer (RT3) ...         23-Jun-2010                                             *Navistar and Tatra unveil new jointly-developed trucks                   Navistar and Tatra used the Eurosatory 2010 exhibition in Paris to display the fruit of the strategic partnership that they announced in October 2009, ...         23-Jun-2010                                             BRIEF: Schiebel S-100 tests near completion                   Schiebel has confirmed the completion of three out of four experimental flight trials of its Camcopter S-100 unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The trials involved...         23-Jun-2010                                             Mercedes-Benz offers trio of lightweight vehicles                   Mercedes-Benz's four world premieres at Eurosatory 2010 featured three vehicles from the lower end of the company's gross vehicle weight (GVW) spectrum. Among 11...         22-Jun-2010                                             *BAE Systems' RG41 WACV prototype goes on show                   BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa has developed a new wheeled armoured combat vehicle (WACV) that combines high levels of ballistic and mine protection with...         22-Jun-2010                                             *AvantGuard shown with IDF systems fit                   G-NIUS displayed an AvantGuard unmanned ground combat vehicle (UGCV), in the configuration delivered to the Israel Defence Force (IDF), at Eurosatory 2010 in Paris. ...         22-Jun-2010                                             *Changing their spots: anti-tank missiles tackle wider target sets                   When the current crop of man pack anti-tank guided weapons (ATGW) was being developed they were clearly focused on defeating enemy armoured vehicles. It ...         21-Jun-2010                                             *Raytheon plans to roll out RT3 to US units                   Raytheon is looking to field its Reconfigurabe Table Top Trainer (RT3) to US Army Patriot tactical units in the next 18 months to two ...         21-Jun-2010                                             *New MMS consoles digitise Patriot system's control interface                   Raytheon's Modern Man Station (MMS) consoles will be fitted to the Patriot air- and missile-defence systems of three members of the user community. ...         21-Jun-2010

http://idr.janes.com/public/idr/index.shtml
Acclaimed Hindu statesman Rajan Zed, in a statement in Nevada (USA) today, said that world should find lasting solutions to this problem and in the meantime work harder to protect, assist, safeguard rights, and resettle/integrate the uprooted. Countries needed to provide more humanitarian space to meet the needs of these brothers/sisters.

According to an estimate, number of forcibly displaced people rose to over 43 million last year, which was the highest level since mid-1990s. There are reportedly between six to 12 million stateless persons in the world.

Zed, who is President of Universal Society of Hinduism, pointed out that many persistent conflicts in various parts of the world were continuing without any signs of near future resolution. We, who lived in comfort and peace, should feel for the horrifying experiences of suffering, loss, and struggle these people endured and come forward to provide them welcome, hope, care, human dignity, fundamental rights and compassion.

Rajan Zed argued that it was a real and huge humanitarian crisis and urged world religious leaders and organizations also to come forward to help these affected people as religions told us to help the helpless.

US to remain a magnet for the best and brightest from India: Obama

WASHINGTON: President Barack Obama has pledged to fix America's "broken" immigration system to ensure that the US will remain a magnet for the best and the brightest from countries like India.

In his first major policy speech on the thorny issue of immigration, Obama revealed the broad contours of his vision of reform, which if implemented would be helpful to hundreds and thousands of people from countries like India, who are professionals and law abiding and add value to the American society.

"We should make it easier for the best and the brightest to come to start businesses and develop products and create jobs. Our laws should respect families following the rules, instead of splitting them apart," he said on his third major domestic agenda after health care and financial reforms.

He said the presence of about 11 million illegal immigrants makes a mockery of all those who are going through the process of immigrating legally.

"Indeed, after years of patchwork fixes and ill-conceived revisions, the legal immigration system is as broken as the borders. Backlogs and bureaucracy means the process can take years," he observed.

He said the steady stream of talented people has made America the engine of the global economy and a beacon of hope around the world.

"It has allowed us to adapt and thrive in the face of technological and societal change. To this day, America reaps incredible economic rewards because we remain a magnet for the best and brightest from across the globe," Obama said.

He said the system should stop penalising innocent young people for the actions of their parents, by denying them the chance to stay and contribute to build the country.

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He noted that immigration reform has been held hostage to political posturing and special interest wrangling and to the pervasive sentiment in Washington that tackling such a thorny and emotional issue is inherently bad politics.

Obama said besides addressing the issue of illegal immigrants, a reformed system also needs to address the need for talented people to stay and contribute to the country.

"While we provide students from around the world visas to get engineering and computer science degrees at our top universities, our laws discourage them from using those skills to start a business or power a new industry right here in the United States," Obama said.

"It is this constant flow of immigrants that helped to make America what it is: the scientific breakthroughs of Albert Einstein, the inventions of Nikola Tesla, the great ventures of Andrew Carnegie's US Steel and Sergey Brin's Google Link. All this was possible because of immigrants," he argued.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Politics/Nation/US-to-remain-a-magnet-for-the-best-and-brightest-from-India-Obama/articleshow/6119918.cms

Govt set to ink record $2.2bn arms deal with US

Rajat Pandit, TNN, Jan 9, 2010, 04.13am IST
NEW DELHI: The stage is being set for what will be the largest-ever Indo-US defence deal till now. New Delhi has now formally approached Washington for a direct government-to-government deal for acquiring 10 C-17 Globemaster-III giant strategic airlift aircraft, each of which comes for over a whopping $220 million.

This would well supplant the $2.1 billion contract for eight Boeing P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft inked last year and the $962 million one for six C-130J `Super Hercules' planes clinched in 2007.

With US aggressively muscling into the lucrative Indian market, often bagging deals under its direct Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programme instead of vying in global tenders, the Europeans are getting increasingly upset.

Some of them even see "American influence'' at work behind the Indian defence ministry's scrapping of the almost-finalised deals like the $1 billion contract for 197 Eurocopter light utility helicopters and $1.5 billion project for six Airbus-330 MRTT mid-air refuelling aircraft.

Defence ministry officials, however, dismiss such `fanciful' claims. The biggest prize, of course, is still to be awarded: the $10.4 billion project to acquire 126 medium multi-role combat aircraft for IAF.

Two American fighters, F/A-18 `Super Hornet' and F-16 `Falcon', are competing with French Rafale, Russian MiG-35, Swedish Gripen and Eurofighter Typhoon in this hotly-contested race.

As for the Globemaster project, India sent `a letter of request' for the acquisition of 10 C-17s to the US government last week after getting the nod from the Defence Acquisitions Council headed by defence minister A K Antony. "Under FMS, we will get C-17s at the same price the US government buys them from Boeing, plus some service charges,'' said an MoD official.

IAF certainly needs to augment its strategic airlift capability to swiftly move large combat systems and troops over large national and international distances, given that it has barely a dozen Russian-origin IL-76 `Gajraj' aircraft. IAF's medium-lift fleet, in turn, includes 104 Russian AN-32 aircraft.

The massive four-engine C-17 dwarfs them all. Capable of carrying a payload of up to 170,000 pounds, it can transport tanks and troops over 2,400 nautical miles.

With mid-air refuelling, the C-17 can go even longer distances. Rugged as it is, a C-17 can even land at a small forward airbase on a semi-prepared runway or airdrop over 100 combat-ready paratroopers directly into a battlezone. "It can take-off and land in 3,000 feet or less,'' said an official.

There are 212 C-17s in service around the globe at present, with the major chunk of them deployed with US Air Force. Other customers include UK, Qatar, Canada, Australia and Nato.

Incidentally, India and US have already finalised the End-Use Monitoring Agreement (EUMA), and the inking of the Communication Interoperability and Security Memorandum of Agreement (CISMOA) is now on the cards, to smoothen defence deals. The two pacts are required under US domestic laws to ensure compliance with sensitive technology control requirements.

Indo-US defence deals

* 2002: $190 million for 12 AN/TPQ-37 firefinder weapon-locating radars

* 2006: $53.5 million for amphibious transport vessel USS Trenton, with another $39 million for six UH-3H helicopters to operate from it

* 2007: $962 million for 6 C-130J `Super Hercules' aircraft

* 2009: $2.1 billion for 8 P-8I maritime reconnaissance aircraft

* And now, stage set for $2.2 billion acquisition of 10 C-17 Globemaster-III aircraft

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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-set-to-ink-record-22bn-arms-deal-with-US/articleshow/5425123.cms

1. Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear agreement - Wikipedia, the free ...

2. The reason for this is to restrict development of nuclear weapons and to ..... There was speculation the Indo-US deal would be signed on October 4, ...

3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-U.S._civilian_nuclear_agreement - Cached

4. End-user hurdle in Indo-US arms deals may soon be cleared

5. 11 Feb 2009 ... Latest news, breaking news - End-user hurdle in Indo-US arms deals may soon be cleared.

6. www.indianexpress.com/...in-indous...deals.../421832/ - United States - Cached

7. US offers top weapon systems to India

8. 2 Jul 2010 ... Latest news, breaking news - US offers top weapon systems to India. ... She said Indo-US ties should not be seen a threat;what for a ...

9. www.indianexpress.com/news/us-offers...weapon.../641403/ - United States

10. Govt set to ink record $2.2bn arms deal with US - India - The ...

11. 9 Jan 2010 ... The stage is being set for the largest-ever Indo-US defence deal ... 2002: $190 million for 12 AN/TPQ-37 firefinder weapon-locating radars ...

12. timesofindia.indiatimes.com › India - Cached - Similar

13. Indo-US Nuclear Deal: A Curtain Raiser -III

14. India US Relation,Indo US Nuke Deal,Indo-US Nuclear Deal,Indo US Nuclear Deal ... for us to sign safeguards akin to those applicable to non-nuclear weapon ...

15. www.merinews.com › World - Cached - Similar

16. The truth behind the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal

17. 29 Jul 2005 ... The truth behind the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal .... The development of deadly new nuclear weapons by the U.S. should be a matter of great ...

18. www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=756 - Cached - Similar

19. Indo-US Strategic Dialogues & Regional Stability

20. 7 Jun 2010 ... Indo-US strategic Dialogue has been held in Washington to discuss ... have forgotten that Indian Chief distrusted over US-Indo Weapons Deal. ...

21. www.markthetruth.com/.../531-indo-us-strategic-dialogues-a-regional-stability.html - Pakistan - Cached

22. indo-us nuclear deal

23. Indo US Nuclear deal. Introduction. In August 2007, India and the United States ... India agrees to continue its moratorium on nuclear weapons testing. ...

24. hubpages.com/hub/indo-us-nuclear-deal - Cached - Similar

25. Indo-U.S. Nuclear Deal Is A High-Stakes Gamble - Carnegie ...

26. 16 Jul 2007 ... Indo-U.S. Nuclear Deal Is A High-Stakes Gamble ... formally speaking, a non-nuclear weapons state that happens to have nuclear weapons." ...

27. www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view... - Similar

28. Dangers Of Misplaced Opposition: Indo-US Nuclear Deal And The ...

29. 20 Aug 2008 ... Weakened by the continuing denial of the original nuclear weapon states ..... The Left's protest against the Indo-Us nuclear deal from the ...

30. www.countercurrents.org/sundaram200808.htm - Cached - Similar

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                Petraeus Arrives in Afghanistan as Taliban Attack Kills 5                                            

           
Hours earlier, Taliban suicide bombers launched a daring raid on compound of a USAID contractor in Kunduz
            Full story »                                                     
                   

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•                                     Taliban Attacks Air Base as US Attorney General Visits Afghanistan                                                                                                        
•                                     Petraeus Calls for United Effort in Afghanistan                                                                                                        

           
               
           

   

Afghan Civilians Killed During NATO Operation

   
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Inauguration comes just days after country overwhelmingly approved new constitution
   
           

   

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Petraeus says both civilian, military efforts must work as team to end nearly 9-year war
   
           

   

Pakistan Tightens Security After Shrine Suicide Bombing

   
At least 42 people are dead after a double suicide attack on a Sufi shrine in Lahore
   
           

   

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A top election official says over 90 percent of voters backed the new charter in last week's referendum
   
           

   

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Burlington School District to consult Hindus regarding possibility of Diwali holiday

Burlington School District (Vermont, USA) will reportedly consult with Hindu community leaders in the area regarding the possibility of declaring Diwali as a school holiday.

In a reply to the communique of Bhavna Shinde of Forum for Hindu Awakening, District Superintendent Jeanne Collins said that they would consult with Hindu community leaders in the area but added: "I cannot answer as to when Diwali may be added as a school holiday".

Burlington School Board has reportedly declared Yom Kippur and Eid al-Fitr as school holidays recently.

Acclaimed Hindu statesman Rajan Zed, in a statement in Nevada (USA) today, while congratulating the Board for additional school holidays Yom Kippur and Eid-al-Fitr, urged it to also add Diwali, the most important Hindu holy day, to the holiday calendar.

Zed, who is President of Universal Society of Hinduism, called it "a step in the right direction". Awareness about other religions thus created by these holidays would make the Burlington pupils well-nurtured, well-balanced, and enlightened citizens of tomorrow, Zed said and added that it would make District look good also besides bringing cohesion and unity in the community. It would also go well with the District "mission", which is "to ensure that all students achieve their highest intellectual and personal potential, and are prepared to contribute as global citizens in the 21st century".

Rajan Zed further said that since it was important for Hindu families to celebrate Diwali day together at home with their children, we did not want our children to be deprived of any privileges at the school because of thus resulting absences on this day. Diwali, the festival of lights, which falls on November five this year, aims at dispelling the darkness and lighting up the lives and symbolizes the victory of good over evil. (ANI)

World must expect more oil spills, says scientist

The world should expect more disasters like the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as the days of easy oil are over, a scientist says.

"BP and other oil companies have tried to portray this spill as an accident or an aberration, but in fact there are spills on off-shore and on-shore sites around the world, increasingly," says Bret Gustafson from Washington University in St. Louis.

A rig sank off the coast of Venezuela in May. Last October, a rig spilled oil for two months into the Timor Sea off of Australia. There are recurring spills in virtually every oil region, such as the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon and Nigeria.

"These environmental and public health catastrophes are almost always accompanied by corruption and violence tied to oil activities," Gustafson says.

In the United States, which is more of a consumer than producer of oil, we are generally ignorant about this reality of oil until something like this comes home to roost."

"Oil has always been destructive, but it is worsening because the days of easy oil are over," says Gustafson.

"In combination with weak regulation and intensifying competition, which explains why companies are willing to cut so many corners, oil is in more difficult places, both environmentally, politically and socially.

"The point is that it is only going to get worse, and that the message by some commentators and the oil companies that we should just get on with business as usual is, quite frankly, almost criminal," Gustafson says.(ANI)

US wants Indian docs in date rape drug racket extradited

Perhaps saving people's lives had lost its sheen. Maybe thats why Dr Brij Bansal took to minting money by operating an illegal Internet pharmacy, selling contraband drugs to American customers.

The Agra-based doctor, helped by his children and accomplices, sold in bulk "controlled" medicines - or drugs which could be acquired in the US only through medical prescription - to his customers through the internet.Ethics had clearly been tossed out of the window because the list of drugs sold by him included the date rape drug, Ketamine.

The US government is now pressing for the extradition of Bansal, his Jaipur-based daughter Julie Agarwal, her husband Yatindra Agarwal and Agra resident Himanshu Kulshrestha, to prosecute them for selling the drugs to its citizens.

American investigators have told the Indian government that Bansal's Philadelphia-based doctor son, Akhil, and another associate Sanjeev Srivastva, were in 2006 tried and convicted in the US in the same case.

Sources said US agencies also handed over to the Indian ministry of external affairs a dossier of evidence containing statements and court documents. The ministry has now initiated procedures to extradite the four Indians.

The US has alleged that Bansal and his associates had been operating together under 'Bansal Organisation' for years, selling controlled drugs by taking orders over the e-mail.

American investigators claim India-based Bansal used to buy in bulk several drugs, which were available in the US only on a licensed doctor's prescription. Julie and her husband Yatindra, along with their other associates, would advertise the availability of these drugs in chatrooms and bulletin boards on the Internet. Upon receiving an order, the drugs would be shipped to the US, where Akhil would act as the point man.

Payments would be made to Akhil, who would then transfer the money through the wire to the accounts controlled by the Bansal Organisation. It was in April-May 2004 that American investigators smelt a rat and began checking the shipments that came from the Bansal Organisation, according to the statement of Frank Costello, the prosecutor in the case.

Most of the packages were found to contain controlled prescription drugs. Akhil was also seen at the place where one of these packages had been stored.

Later, American officers acquired search warrants and went through the contents of the father- son's e-mail accounts - drakhil@hotmail.com and drbrijbansal@hotmail.com

The accounts revealed that hundreds of customers had ordered contraband. All orders were acknowledged by e-mail.

Julie (who used the title of 'sales manager') and Yatindra ('marketing manager') sent mails to Internet pharmacies in the US, advertising their products.

Kulshrestha handled the day-to-day operations. He also tried to streamline the process of selling medicines through the website, www.orderspanel.com

Pak Govt.'s support to JuD and the like much to blame for spate of terror attacks

Thursday's ghastly terror attack on Hazrat Data Gunj Bukhsh shrine in Lahore in which 42 people were killed and over 175 injured has raised various issues concerning the sudden increase in sectarian violence in the country, but the prominent concern is about the government's apparent support to terror organisations like the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and many other proscribed terror groups like it.

A day after the twin suicide attack in Lahore, hundreds of people took to streets protesting against government's inability to protect people, and raised concern about an increasingly sectarian cast to the country's violence.

Protestors underlined that the problem was with the government's hypocritical policies, as on the one hand it talks of cracking down on extremist organisations and on the other it provides them with both financial and strategic support.

"They pay the salaries of Jamat-ud-Dawa but fail to protect us," The Christian Science Monitor quoted Muhammad Saleem, a businessman who also took part in the protest, as saying.

"This is all the fault of the Deobandi extremists whom the government continues to support," Saleem added.

Demands of action against every terror organisation targeting various sects are also being raised.

"The government must crack down on all terror being committed against all sects," said Fazl-e-Kareem, a prominent Barelwi scholar, said.

However, some analysts believe that it would be a mistake to characterize the recent spate of attacks as sectarian, given the 'one-sided' nature of attacks.

"We don't see violent attacks coming from the other groups. They are coming from one community," says Rasul Baksh Rais, head of political science department at the Lahore University for Management Sciences.

"Punjabi militants are sectarian in origin, and when they find themselves unable to attack government or security targets, they will lash out at other sects," added Ashaar Rehman, editor of Lahore edition of Dawn. (ANI)

US Supplying Weapons to South Asian Rivals India and Pakistan                         

---

                                      
The U.S. has made billions of dollars in weapons deals with India, which is in the midst of a five-year, $50 billion push to modernize its military.

At the same time, American military aid to Pakistan stands to nearly double next year, allowing Islamabad to acquire more U.S.-made helicopters, night-vision goggles and other military equipment. The aid has made it easier for Pakistan to ramp up its fight against militants on the Afghan border, as the U.S. tries to convince Islamabad that its biggest security threat is within the country, not in India.

During a late January trip to Islamabad, Defense Secretary Robert Gates said the U.S. would for the first time give Pakistan a dozen surveillance drones, a longstanding Pakistani request.
------------
Washington's relationships with the two nations are very different. India, which is wealthier and larger than its neighbor, pays for weapons purchases with its own funds. Pakistan, by contrast, uses American grants to fund most of its arms purchases. A new U.S. counterinsurgency assistance fund for Pakistan is slated to increase from $700 million in fiscal year 2010 to $1.2 billion in fiscal year 2011.

"We do straight commercial deals with India, while Pakistan effectively uses the money we give them to buy our equipment," said a U.S. official who works with the two countries. "But we think that's ultimately in our national interest because it makes the Pakistanis more capable of dealing with their homegrown terrorists."

India is one of the largest buyers of foreign-made munitions, with a long shopping list which includes warships, fighter jets, tanks and other weapons. Its defense budget is $30 billion for the fiscal year ending March 31, a 70% increase from five years ago. The country is preparing its military to deal with multiple potential threats, including conflict with Pakistan. Tensions have recently flared between India and China over territorial claims along their border. China defeated India in a short war in 1962.

"For 2010 and 2011, India could well be the most important market in the world for defense contractors looking to make foreign military sales," said Tom Captain, the vice chairman of Deloitte LLP's aerospace and defense practice.

Russia has been India's main source of military hardware for decades, supplying about 70% of equipment now in use. Moscow is working to keep that position, with talks ongoing to sell India 29 MiG-29K carrier-borne jet fighters, according to an Indian Defense Ministry spokesman.

The Obama administration is trying to persuade New Delhi to buy American jet fighters instead, a shift White House officials say would lead to closer military and political relations between India and the U.S. It would also be a bonanza for U.S. defense contractors, and has dispatched senior officials such as Mr. Gates to New Delhi to deliver the message that Washington hopes India will choose American defense firms for major purchases in the years ahead.

Shortly after a late January visit by Mr. Gates—on the same tour that took him to Islamabad—In late January, the administration signed off on India's request to purchase 145 U.S.-made howitzers, a $647 million deal.Pentagon spokesman Geoff Morrell said Mr. Gates's visit didn't affect the substance or timing of the howitzer purchase.

That came days after India formally expressed its intent to purchase 10 cargo transport aircraft from Boeing Co. in a deal analysts say could be worth more than $2 billion. Last year, India spent $2.1 billion on eight Boeing long-range Poseidon reconnaissance aircraft for the Indian navy.

U.S. Sells Arms to South Asian Rivals - WSJ.com

Haq's Musings: FAQs on India's Massive 34% Defense Budget Hike

Haq's Musings: India's Arms Buildup: Guns Versus Bread        
http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-forum/48514-us-supplying-weapons-south-asian-rivals-india-pakistan.html

                                                                                   

South Asia in the Age of Nuclear Weapons and Space Security

                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                  
Just as the world seeks to generate momentum towards global nuclear disarmament, Pakistan and India continue to expand their nuclear arsenals and missile capabilities. Both officially base their doctrine on the concept of minimum deterrence but maintain that this is a dynamic concept and thus that expansion of their programs remains legitimate. The growth of Pakistan and India's nuclear programs has led many to fear a nuclear arms race in the South Asian region. The future also holds the possibility of an Indo-Pak rivalry in space. All this has direct impact on stability in the region.
On the twelfth anniversary of the Indian nuclear tests of 1998, USIP organized an event to discuss a new book addressing these issues. "South Asia at a Crossroads: Conflict or Cooperation in the Age of Nuclear Weapons, Missile Defense, and Space Rivalries" is an edited volume which introduces these topics to a broader audience with the hope that they will become a part of the public discourse in the future. The book is a collection of essays by influential academics, policy analysts, diplomats, and current and former government officials from Asia, Europe and America. The edited volume is part of a series called "Democracy, Security, Peace" published by Nomos.

Speakers

• Subrata Ghoshroy
• Research Associate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Co-Editor of "South Asia at a Crossroads: Conflict or Cooperation in the Age of Nuclear Weapons, Missile Defense, and Space Rivalries."
• Goetz Nueneck
• Deputy Director of the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy and Co-Editor of "South Asia at a Crossroads: Conflict or Cooperation in the Age of Nuclear Weapons, Missile Defense, and Space Rivalries."
• Michael Krepon
• Co-Founder, Stimson Center
• Daryl Kimball
• Executive Director, Arms Control Association
• Moeed Yusuf
• South Asia Adviser, U.S. Institute of Peace

Explore Further

• Listen to an audio recording of this event.

http://www.usip.org/events/south-asia-in-the-age-nuclear-weapons-and-space-security

NAC may push for national policy creating legal rights for homeless

TNN, Jul 3, 2010, 12.48am IST
CHENNAI: The National Advisory Council (NAC) may push to get orders from the Supreme Court on a national policy to create legal rights for the homeless, NAC member Harsh Mander said on Friday.

At a three-day national seminar on perspectives on mental illness in India organised by The Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health here, he said that though the policy had been drafted, state governments were reluctant to adopt it citing a paucity of resources. "However, I was able to find out that nearly Rs 50,000-60,000 crore under the JNNURM scheme was lying unused and demonstrated that it was possible [for governments] to do it [adopt the policy]. Though we are yet to get orders on it from the Supreme Court, hopefully we will be able to do it through the NAC," Mander said.

Pointing to a previous instance of state government doing a u-turn on its stance on availability of resources, he said the number of shelters in New Delhi had doubled overnight after an investigation by the office of the Supreme Court commissioners found that the state had cut down on its number of shelters for the homeless in the winter of 2009. "They were all accommodated in existing buildings that were converted into shelters. We had more shelters in two nights than in the whole period after Independence," he said.

He added that public policy would have to facilitate an allocation of resources such as land to create a range of specialised shelters to cater to the needs of the homeless starting with children. "Comprehensive care for children is non-negotiable. Contrary to popular perception, it is expensive for one to remain homeless as it could cost up to Rs 30 to spend a night on the winter streets of New Delhi. For the category of working single men, we need dignified shelters like a lodge that charges them between Rs 10 and 15 to use and provides a locker for them to store their savings, thereby giving them a sense of belonging. It will also give them a postal address to receive letters from their hometown as these men might earn Rs 100 a day to remit most of it for their families' survival in villages," Mander said. Able-bodied young men who used drugs could be rehabilitated in these shelters and be provided a employment with counselling support.

Shelters for homeless women complete with childcare facilities, psychological support and providing a means to earn livelihood were important while those who were homeless and had a severe mental health problem would need the protection of an institution but with the freedom and dignity of an open community, he added.

timeschennai@timesgroup.com
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/NAC-may-push-for-national-policy-creating-legal-rights-for-homeless/articleshow/6121826.cms




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Ahmadinejad: New sanctions 'pathetic' Jerusalem Post - Hilary Leila Krieger, Gil Hoffman - ‎31 minutes ago‎ By JPOST.COM STAFF Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called the latest US sanctions passed against the Islamic Republic "pathetic" on Saturday in his ... US will fail in 'bullying' Iran: ex-president AFP - ‎2 hours ago‎ TEHRAN — Iranian ex-president turned opposition backer Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani said Saturday the United States will fail with its policy of "bullying" the ... Ahmadinejad calls sanctions against Iran pathetic Reuters Africa - Ramin Mostafavi - ‎2 hours ago‎ TEHRAN (Reuters) - The latest sanctions against Iran are pathetic, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said on Saturday, warning world powers ... "They thought that by having meetings and talking to each other and signing papers they could stop a great nation's progress," Ahmadinejad said. more by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - 31 minutes ago - Jerusalem Post (18 occurrences) Days after sanctions, Iranian minister heads to India Sify - ‎4 hours ago‎ Days after the UN sanctions and the US imposing a new set of stiff sanctions on Tehran, India will keep its diplomatic and economic engagement on track when ... Nuclear Talks Should Be Restructured, Says Iranian MP Bernama - ‎8 hours ago‎ TEHRAN, July 3 (Bernama) -- Iran's Majlis(Parliament) National Security and Foreign Policy Committee Chairman Alaeddin Boroujerdi stressed that the ... Congress, Sanctions and Iran New York Times - ‎14 hours ago‎ The United States already bars nearly all trade with Iran. Congress tightened those restrictions even further last week when it voted to punish foreign ... US slaps Iran with toughest sanctions ever TODAYonline - ‎17 hours ago‎ WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama on Thursday signed into law the toughest United States sanctions ever on Iran, which he said would strike at Tehran's ... Settlements hurt US interests Daily Star - Lebanon - ‎17 hours ago‎ Two major events which just took place are deeply interwoven, and yet none of the major actors have voiced any awareness of the relationship between the two ... Obama emphasizes waiver in Iran sanctions statement Jewish Telegraphic Agency - Ron Kampeas - ‎18 hours ago‎ WASHINGTON (JTA) -- President Obama's signing statement on an enhanced Iran sanctions bill emphasized his ability to waive ... Iranian Officials Scoff at Impact of New US Economic Sanctions Voice of America - Edward Yeranian - ‎18 hours ago‎ Photo: AP Iranian officials are ridiculing the importance of new US economic sanctions against Tehran. Opinions of Iranians outside the country, however, ... All 299 related articles »

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Delhi's Terminal 3 has many firsts The Hindu - Vinay Kumar - ‎1 hour ago‎ A view Terminal 3, the swanky, world-class terminal of the Indira Gandhi International Airport, which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Saturday. Photo: VV Krishnan With all foreign carriers shifting their bases from the existing ... Delhi's Terminal 3: Right up there The Hindu - ‎3 hours ago‎ In 37 months, a nine-storey terminal, spread over four km, was built at a cost of Rs. 9000 crore. Civil Aviation Minister Praful Patel summed up the statistics in the phrase 'It's not just a building, but a statement'. Some images of the world class ... Delhi's new airport terminal gets first rush of visitors Sify - ‎2 hours ago‎ Delhiites may get a glimpse of the new international airport terminal only July 14 but its inauguration Saturday saw the city's invited political and bureaucratic elite explore the inside of the facility -- without any passport or flight ticket. ... While inaugurating the T3 building, Dr. Singh said that an airport "is often the first introduction to a country." more by Manmohan Singh - 1 hour ago - The Hindu (2 occurrences) New terminal at Delhi airport proves skeptics wrong: PM Sify - Rina Chandran - ‎2 hours ago‎ A new terminal was inaugurated at the busy New Delhi airport on Saturday just 37 months after work began, providing a much needed boost to India's faltering infrastructure ambitions. The T3 terminal, at just over 5 million sq. metres, can handle 34 ... Policy framework to be aligned with aviation industry needs: PM Times of India - ‎6 hours ago‎ NEW DELHI: Government's regulatory and policy framework should be aligned with the requirements of the civil aviation industry to encourage serious investment in the sector that can absorb up to $120 billion by 2020, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said ... Prime Minister inaugurates Delhi's swanky Terminal 3 NDTV.com - ‎4 hours ago‎ Prime Minister Manmohan Singh inaugurated the Terminal 3, the country's latest, most modern airport, in the capital on Saturday. Terminal 3 or T3 as the new airport building is called, will also be the 5th largest airport terminal in the world. ... New terminal at Ahmedabad airport to be inaugurated on Sunday NetIndian - ‎53 minutes ago‎ A day after the new terminal at the Delhi airport was opened today, the new terminal at the Ahmedabad airport will be inaugurated tomorrow. On July 10, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will lay the foundation stone for the Tirupati International Airport ... PM inaugurates IGI Terminal 3 Delhi Airport today, 5th largest in the world infocera - Swati Mahaseth - ‎2 hours ago‎ The IGI (Indira Gandhi International) Airport Terminal 3 was inaugurated today by Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh at 11:00 am. Also present at the occasion were Congress President Sonia Gandhi, Chief Minister Shiela Dikshit ... Delhi's darling: New Terminal 3 at the IGI Airport Economic Times - ‎Jun 30, 2010‎ It's one of those few Commonwealth Games-spurred projects that Indians — and Delhiwallas in particular — will welcome. Not because it's world class and huge, but hopefully because it works: the new Terminal 3 at the Indira Gandhi International Airport. ... Power cuts threaten to spoil IGI's T3 party Economic Times - ‎Jul 1, 2010‎ NEW DELHI: The capital's dreaded power cuts have cast their shadow on IGI Airport's new terminal T3. While Wednesday saw the lights going out thrice, the record so far has been 11 blackouts in one day recently. Though Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and ... All 85 related articles »

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Police admit journalist too was killed in Azad encounter Times of India - ‎3 hours ago‎ NEW DELHI: Hemchandra Pandey, a freelance journalist, was also killed in the encounter in which top Maoist leader and spokesperson Cherukuri Rajkumar alias Azad was killed in Andhra Pradesh on Friday. While admitting that Pandey too was killed in ... Journalist killed along with Maoist Leader Azad BreakingNewsOnline. - ‎35 minutes ago‎ Hyderabad: Breaking News! The Andhra Pradesh Police admitted that the "unidentified" person, who was killed along with Maoist leader Cherukuri Rajkumar alias "Azad", was a freelance journalist. The freelance journalist was identified as Hemchandra ... 'Unidentified Maoist' killed with journalist indiablooms - ‎1 hour ago‎ New Delhi, July 3 (IBNS) The 'unidentified Maoist' killed in an encounter with security forces along with top Maoist leader Cherukuri Rajkumar alias Azad in Andhra Pradesh on Friday was a freelance journalist. Police have identified the second person ... "If they have occasionally blocked the construction of roads, it is to prevent big companies from coming into drain the wealth from tribal areas," Varavara Rao says quoting Azad. more by Varavara Rao - 16 hours ago - Times of India (1 occurrences) Azad, a man with an adventurous streak Times of India - Arun Kumar - ‎16 hours ago‎ HYDERABAD: It is seldom that Maoists feel the need to communicate with the outside world. When they do, it invites a lot of flashbulbs, bytes and media hype. But Cherukuri Rajkumar alias Azad was different. Since he was party's official spokesperson, ... Azad killing a big blow to Maoists Times of India - Mohua Chatterjee, Vishwa Mohan - ‎18 hours ago‎ NEW DELHI: Inflicting a major blow on the Maoists at a time when the fight against Naxalism was proceeding very badly, the Andhra Pradesh police on Friday silenced the Maoists' voluble spokesman and senior politburo member Cherukuri Rajkumar, ... Maoist couple arrested in Andhra's Khammam NDTV.com - ‎8 hours ago‎ PTI, Updated: July 03, 2010 13:20 IST Hyderabad: A Maoist couple who entered Andhra Pradesh from neighbouring Chhattishgarh was arrested on Saturday from the state's Khammam district, police said. M Deva alias Devanna, an area committee member of Kunta ... No encounter, says sympathiser The Hindu - Harpal Singh, Srinivas Reddy - ‎20 hours ago‎ HYDERABAD: Revolutionary poet P. Varavara Rao, a known Maoist sympathiser and defender, on Friday rubbished the official version of the killing of naxalite leader Azad in an encounter, and said he was actually picked up by the Andhra Pradesh police at ... Azad could convince Maoists to join peace talks Times of India - Arun Kumar, Caesar Mandal - ‎18 hours ago‎ HYDERABAD/KOLKATA: It's seldom that Maoists feel the need to communicate with the outside world. When they do, it invites flashbulbs, bytes and media hype. It was left to Cherukuri Rajkumar aka Azad, to handle propaganda. Since Azad was CPI(Maoist)'s ... Azad killing to set off Dantewada-type attack? Times of India - Caesar Mandal, Manohar Lal - ‎19 hours ago‎ KOLKATA/RANCHI: The killing of Maoist spokesperson Azad Cherukuri alias Rajkumar — said to be the second in the rebel hierarchy — could trigger a Dantewada-type revenge attack in eastern India, say intelligence sources. Police feel Azad's death may be ... Top Maoist killed in AP The Hindu - Harpal Singh, Srinivas Reddy - ‎18 hours ago‎ THE END:Cherukuri Rajkumar, a top Naxalite, who was killed by police in Adilabad district on Friday. ADILABAD/HYDERABAD: The Andhra Pradesh police on Friday said it had shot dead top naxalite Cherukuri Rajkumar alias Azad, along with an unidentified ... All 61 related articles »

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Centre to write to parties on caste category in census: Pranab

Times of India - ‎6 hours ago‎
CHENNAI: In a bid to bring about consensus on inclusion of caste in census, the Centre will write to all political parties seeking their views on the issue, Union finance minister Pranab Mukherjee said on Saturday. Emerging out of a meeting with Tamil ...

Parties' views sought on caste census: Pranab

Hindustan Times - ‎38 minutes ago‎
Admitting to divergent views in the ministerial panel on caste-based census, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Saturday said the central government will write to different political parties to get their views on the issue. Speaking to reporters in ...

Pranab meets Karunanidhi

The Hindu - ‎9 hours ago‎
The Union government will write to various political parties to ascertain views on the issue of caste-based Census, Pranab Mukherjee, Union Finance Minister, said on Saturday. Emerging from a brief meeting with Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi here, ...

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"Different opinions were expressed by the ministers. The Group of Ministers will meet further to take a decision on the issue," Mukherjee, who heads the GoM, said. more by Pranab Mukherjee - 6 hours ago - Times of India (20 occurrences)

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Pranab briefs Karuna on caste census

indiablooms - ‎5 hours ago‎
Chennai, July 3 (IBNS): The Centre will write to all political parties, soliciting their views on caste-based census, Union Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee said here Saturday. Talking to reporters after meeting Tamil Nadu chief minister M Karunanidhi ...

Casting about

Indian Express - ‎18 hours ago‎
The meeting of the Group of Ministers on Thursday on how to carry out a caste headcount in the 2011 Census was predictably inconclusive. In fact, as this newspaper reported, there were differences amongst ministers even on the question of including ...

Centre to consult all on caste census

New Tiger (blog) - ‎6 hours ago‎
New Delhi : Finance Minister Pranab Mukerjee has said that the Centre would be writing to all political parties seeking their views on caste-based census after which a final decision will be taken. Speaking to newsmen after meeting the Tamil Nadu Chief ...
All 7 related articles »

India's Rising Military Expenditure

May 30, 2001
ndia continues to arm and expand her Armed Forces at an unprecedented scale and yet talk of peace and stability in South Asia. India already has the third largest Army in the world and is the biggest military power in the South Asian region, with no external threat whatsoever to her security.
This feverish expansion in her military's aggressive potential is most likely to upset the regional balance of power in South Asia, thereby, destabilizing the region and may be edging it closer to an armed conflict.
"... While it is true that China is modernizing its forces, the prospective improvements need to be set against the very low-technology starting point of China's armed forces."
"... While it is true that China is modernizing its forces, the prospective improvements need to be set against the very low-technology starting point of China's armed forces."
In the present budget presented to parliament for the financial year 2001-2002 defence has been allocated Rs 620,000.00 million. This amount shows an increase of Rs 75,000 million over last year's revised estimates of Rs 544,610 million, or an increase of about 14 percent in defence spending this year. Last year India increased its defence budget by a whopping 28.2 percent or Rs 130,000.00 million. (by $ 3 billion to a total defence spending of $ 13.5 billion) Three years earlier in 1997 India's defence budget was increased by 24.4 percent and in 1994 by 20 percent. In between these major escalations there have been yearly increases ranging from 10 to 12 percent.
These large-scale increases in India's defence spending are certainly well beyond her legitimate defence and security requirements and consequently a source of great concern for her small neighbours particularly Pakistan which is now the only truly independent country on the periphery of India. This increase in India's defence spending has also surprised the foreign donors particularly those from the west who are helping India to cope with the financial and other losses after the disastrous earthquake in the province of Gujarat. It amounts to India diverting her own financial resources for unnecessarily expanding her Armed Forces and leaving the rehabilitation of the poor people of Gujarat to foreign sympathy donors.
Pakistan's Foreign Office voiced the governments deep concern and said India had launched itself on a massive programme of expansion of its conventional military capabilities without regard to regional stability. It strongly felt that the increase would upset the military balance in South Asia. The Foreign Office spokesman went on to say that "the massive acquisition of armaments by India is a cause for concern for Pakistan because the bulk of India's army is deployed on the Pakistani border. Therefore, we cannot but be deeply concerned." He also referred to India's huge 28.2 percent defence spending hike last year and the recent multi-billion dollar arms purchase from Russia.
In Pakistan on the other hand defence expenditure has not been increased for many years now. In 1994 when India raised its defence expenditure by 20 percent, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had remarked at the time that even in view of India's 20 percent increase in its defence budget, Pakistan cannot watch it, because if it did it would not be able to meet the 5.4 percent budget deficit target agreed with the IMF by the Moeen Qureshi government. The same principle guided the Pakistan government thinking in 1997 when India raised her defence spending by 24.4 percent, from Rs 364.9 billion in 1996 to Rs 454.2 billion in 1997. Last year while India raised her defence spending by 28.2 percent, Pakistan did not react but in fact reduced her defence spending by 8 percent. The amount thus saved was diverted to the government's poverty alleviation programme.
"... Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. "
"... Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. "
This year the federal cabinet under the chairmanship of the Chief Executive General Pervez Musharraf has decided in principle not to increase the defence budget, as proposed by the debt Reduction and Management Committee. A few days later while addressing the Young Presidents Organization (YPO) at Lahore the federal finance minister Shaukat Aziz said that the defence budget was being reduced. He said it had already been brought down to 4.70 percent of the GDP from over 8 percent during the past several years. At present to country's defence budget constituted 20 percent of its annual budget. He went on to say that 50 percent of the budget went to debt servicing. Pakistan is keeping her defence spending within her financial constraints imposed on the nation by the self-destruct financial policies adopted by the elected and unelected caretaker governments during the past decade.
Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. Some amount is also used for updating her large indigenous weapons manufacturing base at home. Some additional induction of manpower for new weapons including guns and missiles of raising units and formation HQ in the Army, new aircraft in the Air Force and new surface ships, submarines, and an aircraft carrier for the Navy are also required. India's defence allocation in any case is not a true reflection of her defence spending as large amounts are shown under different heads in other ministries for security reasons, and often to bypass export regulations of other countries from where banned items may be imported.
India's recent negotiations and firm orders include 400 Bofors guns (used in Kargil) from Sweden, 310 modern T-90 tanks from Russia, mine-blast protection vehicles from Israel and ground and air surveillance devices for the army. The Indian Air Force was allocated a large amount for the purchase of 140 SU-30-MKI multirole fighter aircraft from Russia. 60 of the same aircraft were ordered earlier, 30 in 1966 and 30 in 1998, of these 18 aircraft have already reached India.
In addition to these India's Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis indicated at the 68th anniversary of the Indian Air Force that India was purchasing some more Mirage 2000 fighters from France, Jaguars from UK and M-17 helicopters from Russia. Negotiations are in progress for the purchase of a large number about 60-70 of advanced jet trainers (AJT) from UK.
"... India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov and 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. "
"... India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov and 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. "
For the Navy, India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the "Admiral Gorshkov". The carrier is a free gift but India has agreed to pay $ 650 million for a full refit of the ship. The Navy is also purchasing 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. Another 26 could be added later. India has ordered three Krivak class frigates from Russia at a cost of about $ 1 billion. India is also negotiating with Russia for the lease of a nuclear submarine. The previous one INS "Chakra" was returned to Russia (the USSR) in the late 1980s after a three year's lease. The Navy has also purchased five KA-31 marine AEW helicopters. These could be used from the Russian aircraft carrier.
The 'Hindustan Times' reported from New Delhi on February 2nd 2001 that Russia was preparing to sign the lease of four TU-22M3 (backfire) long-range bombers armed with deadly KH-22 cruise missiles having a range of 500 km. The supersonic TU-22M3 bomber has a maximum range of 2410 km when flying at subsonic speed, and carrying a 12-tonne payload of bombs and missiles.
The allocation for the ordinance factories and other defence production and research facilities has been increased four times for Rs 2,620 million to Rs 10,320 million this year. India's nuclear and missile programme are also being pursued with great vigour and a lavish allocation of financial resources. New Delhi is building a "Credible nuclear deterrent", which according to defence analysts could cost upto $ 500 million a year.
I asked the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Pakistan, HE Eduard S. Shevchenko during his trip to Karachi recently that India's purchase of large scale modern armaments from Russia was a source of great concern to Pakistan.
"... Increase in defence spending will keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces. "
"... Increase in defence spending will keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces. "
Particularly so when a clause in the present Indo-Russian contracts stipulates that the same items would not be sold to Pakistan. I reminded the ambassador that during the 1965 Indo-Pak war we outgunned the Indian artillery by only one regiment of 12 guns. After the war India purchased 400,130 mm long range guns from the USSR. But the USSR sold a 100 of the same guns to Pakistan as well. Thus keeping a ratio of 4 to 1 between the two armies. A four to one superiority by India is acceptable and can be handled by Pakistan. A balance was, therefore, maintained.
The Russian ambassador to Pakistan Mr Eduard Shevchenko is a charming career diplomat and said with the greatest of candour that if Russia did not sell arms to India, it could purchase the same from other countries. This is certainly true as other western countries are only too willing to oblige India. Russia is the fourth largest arms exporter of the world, way down after USA, UK and France. The ambassador went on to say that he was not aware if Pakistan had in fact shown a desire to purchase arms from Russia. He seemed to imply that Russia would certainly consider the offer.
The former Indian Defence Minister George Fernandes was adamant in maintaining that the increase in defence spending "will help us keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces".
He went to the extent of saying after the massive damage of over Rs 14,000 crore in the Gujarat earthquake that: "No matter what problems, economic or otherwise, the country may face, the national defence cannot be held hostage to it".
He did not care to clarify that he wanted a strong defence against whom, when India had only small neighbours to contend with. In any case most of the defence items being imported by India had strong offensive overtures. It was the offensive capability of the Armed forces that was being enhanced.
The Indian Prime Minister Mr Vajpayee was, however, worried about the fiscal deficit.
"... Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. "
"... Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. "
While defending the budget outlay he said that strong steps were needed to tackle India's fiscal deficit which is targeted for next year at 4.7 percent of the GDP against its present 5.1 percent. "The increasing fiscal deficit was becoming a cause for concern, which is why we have had to take some hard steps to control it". Vajpayee told reporters after Finance Minister Sinha's presentation. Mr Vajpayee who is a moderate and the future hope of peace in South Asia was certainly pressurized by the hawks, to raise the defence budget. Certainly a step in the wrong directions.
It must be appreciated by all that for peace in South Asia there must be peace and amity between India and Pakistan. By the induction of more lethal and destructive arms into the region the objective of peace cannot be achieved. Greater the quantum of arms, greater would be the mistrust between India and Pakistan and greater the tension between the two. When tension increases violent actions are bound to follow, shattering the desired political will for peace.
Instead of purchasing more arms and destabilizing the region, what is required urgently is to initiate some confidence building measures. The prospect of an armed conflict should be reduced to the minimum particularly in the present nuclear environment that exists in South Asia. Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. Measures adopted so far by India and Pakistan with regard to Kashmir have certainly borne fruit. There is less tension along the line of control in Kashmir as the guns are silent and should continue to be so.
The next logical step should be a dialogue between India and Pakistan to solve the long outstanding dispute on the status of Jammu and Kashmir. Solving the dispute in a spirit of some compromise on either side should bring peace to the region which seems to be the desire of the people.

Text source: LTG Sardar F. S. Lodi, Defence Journal, May 2001   

http://www.checkpoint-online.ch/CheckPoint/J2/J2-0004-IndiaMilitaryExpenditure.html

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India and weapons of mass destruction

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India Nuclear program start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 (Smiling Buddha) First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 (disputed) Last nuclear test 13 May 1998 Largest yield test Underground - 20-60 Kt total in Pokhran-II (yield is disputed)[1] (11 May 1998) Total tests 6 Peak stockpile 45-80 (2009 est.) Current stockpile 45-80 (2009 est.) Maximum missile range 2,500km (Agni-II) NPT signatory No [show] v • d • e Indian missiles Anti-ballistic Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) · Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Ballistic missiles Agni I · II · III · V Prithvi I · II · III · Dhanush SRBM Shaurya SLBM Sagarika K-15 Cruise missiles BrahMos*  · Nirbhay Surface-to-air Akash · Trishul · Barak-8*  · Maitri*   Air-to-air missiles Astra BVRAAM · Novator K-100* Anti-tank missiles Nag · CLGM * Joint Venture List of Indian missiles   Weapons of mass destruction By type Biological Chemical Nuclear Radiological By country Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Brazil Bulgaria Burma Canada PR China France Germany India Iran Iraq Israel Japan Netherlands North Korea Pakistan Poland Romania Russia Saudi Arabia South Africa Sweden Syria Taiwan (ROC) Ukraine United Kingdom United States List of treaties v • d • e India possesses nuclear weapons and maintains short- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles, nuclear-capable aircraft, surface ships, and submarines under development as possible delivery systems and platforms. Although it lacks an operational ballistic missile submarines India has ambitions of possessing a nuclear triad in the near future when INS Arihant the lead ship of India's Arihant class of nuclear-powered submarines formally joins the Indian Navy in 2012 after undergoing extensive sea-trials. Though India has not made any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal, estimates suggest that India has between 40 and 95 nuclear weapons,[2][3] consistent with estimates that it has produced enough weapons-grade plutonium for up to 75-110 nuclear weapons.[4] Production of weapons-grade plutonium production is believed to be taking place at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, which is home to the CIRUS reactor acquired from Canada, to the indigenous Dhruva reactor, and to a plutonium separation facility. India is not a signatory to the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which India argues entrenches the status quo of the existing nuclear weapons states whilst preventing general nuclear disarmament.[5] India tested a nuclear device in 1974 (code-named "Smiling Buddha"), which it called a "peaceful nuclear explosive." The test used plutonium produced in the Canadian-supplied CIRUS reactor, and raised concerns that nuclear technology supplied for peaceful purposes could be diverted to weapons purposes. This also stimulated the early work of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.[6] India performed further nuclear tests in 1998 (code-named "Operation Shakti"). Contents [hide] 1 Brief historical overview 2 Current arsenal and estimates of inventory 3 Doctrine 4 Command and control 5 International treaties 6 Delivery systems 6.1 Ballistic missiles 7 Astra 7.1 Prithvi 7.2 Dhanush 7.3 Agni 7.4 Surya 7.5 Shaurya 7.6 Sagarika 7.7 Cruise missiles 7.8 Surface to air missile 8 Delivery mechanisms 8.1 Nuclear submarines 8.2 Frigates, destroyers and aircraft carriers 8.3 Nuclear-capable aircraft 9 Ballistic missile defense 10 Chemical weapons 11 Biological warfare 12 See also 13 References 14 External links [edit] Brief historical overview Agni II was India's first long range missile As early as 26 June 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, soon to be India's first Prime Minister, announced: " As long as the world is constituted as it is, every country will have to devise and use the latest devices for its protection. I have no doubt India will develop her scientific researches and I hope Indian scientists will use the atomic force for constructive purposes. But if India is threatened, she will inevitably try to defend herself by all means at her disposal.[7] " India's first nuclear test occurred on 18 May 1974. Since then India has conducted another series of tests at the Pokhran test range in the state of Rajasthan in 1998. India has an extensive civil and military nuclear program, which includes at least 10 nuclear reactors, uranium mining and milling sites, heavy water production facilities, a uranium enrichment plant, fuel fabrication facilities, and extensive nuclear research capabilities. In 1998, as a response to the continuing tests, the United States and Japan imposed temporary economic sanctions on India. [edit] Current arsenal and estimates of inventory In 2005, it was estimated that India had between 40 and 50 warheads.[2] In November 2008, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists estimated that India has about 70 assembled nuclear warheads, with about 50 of them fully operational.[8] A report by David Albright, published by the Institute for Science and International Security in 2000, estimated that India at end of 1999 had 310 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium, enough for 65 nuclear weapons. He also estimated that India had 4,200 kg of reactor grade plutonium which is enough to build 1,000 nuclear weapons.[3][9] By the end of 2004, he estimates India had 445 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium which is enough for around 85 nuclear weapons considering 5 kg of plutonium required for each weapon[10]. Former R&AW official J.K. Sinha, claimed that India is capable of producing 130 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium from six "unsafeguarded" reactors not included in the nuclear deal between India and the United States.[11] [edit] Doctrine India has a declared nuclear no-first-use policy and is in the process of developing a nuclear doctrine based on "credible minimum deterrence." In August 1999, the Indian government released a draft of the doctrine[12] which asserts that nuclear weapons are solely for deterrence and that India will pursue a policy of "retaliation only". The document also maintains that India "will not be the first to initiate a nuclear first strike, but will respond with punitive retaliation should deterrence fail" and that decisions to authorize the use of nuclear weapons would be made by the Prime Minister or his 'designated successor(s).'"[12] According to the NRDC, despite the escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan in 2001-2002, India remains committed to its nuclear no-first-use policy. [edit] Command and control India's Strategic Nuclear Command was formally established in 2003, with an Air Force officer, Air Marshal Asthana, as the Commander-in-Chief. The joint services SNC is the custodian of all of India's nuclear weapons, missiles and assets. It is also responsible for executing all aspects of India's nuclear policy. However, the civil leadership, in the form of the CCS (Cabinet Committee on Security) is the only body authorized to order a nuclear strike against another offending strike: In effect, it is the Prime Minister who has his finger "on the button." [edit] International treaties Thermonuclear device used in the Pokhran Test India is not a signatory to either the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), but did accede to the Partial Test Ban Treaty in October 1963. India is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and four of its 17 nuclear reactors are subject to IAEA safeguards. India announced its lack of intention to accede to the NPT as late as 1997 by voting against the paragraph of a General Assembly Resolution[13] which urged all non-signatories of the treaty to accede to it at the earliest possible date.[14] India voted against the UN General Assembly resolution endorsing the CTBT, which was adopted on 10 September 1996. India objected to the lack of provision for universal nuclear disarmament "within a time-bound framework." India also demanded that the treaty ban laboratory simulations. In addition, India opposed the provision in Article XIV of the CTBT that requires India's ratification for the treaty to enter into force, which India argued was a violation of its sovereign right to choose whether it would sign the treaty. In early February 1997, Foreign Minister Gujral reiterated India's opposition to the treaty, saying that "India favors any step aimed at destroying nuclear weapons, but considers that the treaty in its current form is not comprehensive and bans only certain types of tests." In August 2008, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) approved safeguards agreement with India under which the former will gradually gain access to India's civilian nuclear reactors.[15] In September 2008, the Nuclear Suppliers Group granted India a waiver allowing it to access civilian nuclear technology and fuel from other countries.[16] The implementation of this waiver makes India the only known country with nuclear weapons which is not a party to the NPT but is still allowed to carry out nuclear commerce with the rest of the world.[17] Since the implementation of NSG waiver, India has signed nuclear deals with several countries including France,[18] United States,[19], Mongolia, Namibia[20], and Kazakhstan[21] while the framework for similar deals with Canada and United Kingdom are also being prepared.[22][23] [edit] Delivery systems Below is the list of missiles currently in India's inventory or under development that can carry Nuclear Warheads. Information on the missiles is given below. Agni missile range. India's Nuclear Capable Missiles Name Class Range Payload Status Agni-I SRBM 850 km 1,000 kg Operational Agni-II MRBM 2,500 km 500 kg - 1,000 kg Operational Agni-III IRBM 3,500 km - 5,500 km 2,490 kg Not Operational Agni-V ICBM 5,000 km - 6,000 km 3,000 kg+ Under Development Agni 3SL ICBM 5,200 km - 11,600 km 700 kg - 1,400 kg Under Development Dhanush SRBM 350 km 500 kg Operational Nirbhay Subsonic Cruise Missile 1,000 km  ? Under Development Brahmos Supersonic Cruise Missile 290 km 300 kg Operational P-70 Ametist Anti-shipping Missile 65 km 530 kg Operational P-270 Moskit Supersonic Cruise Missile 120 km 320 kg Operational Popeye ASM 78 km 340 kg Operational Prithvi-I SRBM 150 km 1000 kg Operational Prithvi-II SRBM 250 km 500 kg Operational Prithvi-III SRBM 350 km 500 kg Operational Sagarika SLBM 700 km - 2,200 km 150 kg - 1000 kg Not Operational Shaurya TBM 700 km - 2,200 km 150 kg - 1,000 kg Not Operational Surya-I ICBM 9,000 km - 12,000 km 3,000 kg+ Under Development Surya-II ICBM >12,000 km  ? Under Development [edit] Ballistic missiles Prithvi I [edit] Astra Under former president Dr. Abdul Kalam India pursued the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) which was an Indian Ministry of Defense program for the development of a comprehensive range of missiles, including the intermediate range Agni missile (Surface to Surface), and short range missiles such as the Prithvi ballistic missile (Surface to Surface), Akash missile (Surface to Air), Trishul missile (Surface to Air) and Nag Missile (Anti Tank). Other projects such Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program have derived from the IGMDP. In 2005, India became only the fourth country to have Anti Ballistic capability when India tested two systems the AAD and PAD.[24] India has methodically built an indigenous missile production capability, using its commercial space-launch program to develop the skills and infrastructure needed to support an offensive ballistic missile program. For example, during the 1980s, India conducted a series of space launches using the solid-fueled SLV-3 booster. Most of these launches put light satellites into near-earth orbit. Elements of the SLV-3 were subsequently incorporated into two new programs. In the first, the new polar-space launch vehicle (PSLV) was equipped with six SLV-3 motors strapped to the PSLV's first stage. The Agni IRBM technology demonstrator uses the SLV-3 booster as its first stage. [edit] Prithvi The Prithvi (Sanskrit: "Earth") I is mobile liquid-fueled 150 kilometer tactical missile currently deployed with army units. It is claimed that this missile is equipped only with various conventional warheads (which stay attached to the missile over the entire flight path). The missile is of particular interest to the United States (and potential buyers) in that has the capability of maneuvering in flight so as to follow one of several different pre-programmed trajectories. Based on the same design, a modified Prithvi, the Prithvi II, is essentially a longer-ranged version of the Prithvi I except that it has a 250-kilometer range and a lighter payload. It is suspected that any nuclear missions will be executed by the Prithvi II. Currently, the Prithvi II has completed development and is now in production. When fielded, it will be deployed with air force units for the purpose of deep target attacking maneuvers against objectives such as air fields. Prithvi I — Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1,000 kg) Prithvi II — Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500 kg) Prithvi III — Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 500 kg) The Prithvi missile project encompassed developing 3 variants for use by the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. The initial project framework of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program outlines the variants in the following manner. in October 2009 India conducted 2 simultenous user trials of 350 km extended range Prithvi II to be used for strategic purposes. [edit] Dhanush Dhanush (Sanskrit: Bow) is a naval variant of the Prithvi missile.[25] It can fire either the 250 km or the 350 km range missiles. Supposedly it is a customised version of the Prithvi and that the additional customizations in missile configuration are to certify it for sea worthiness. Dhanush has to be launched from a hydraulically stabilized launch pad. Its low range acts against it and thus it is seen a weapons either to be used to destroy an aircraft carrier or an enemy port. Indian Navy's K-15 Sagarika submarine-launched ballistic missile is reported to be a variant of the Dhanush missile.[26] The ship launched Dhanush Ballistic Missile was tested from INS Subhadra of the Sukanya class patrol craft in 2000. INS Subhadra is a vessel which was modified and the missile was launched from the reinforced helicopter deck. The 250 km variant was tested but the tests were considered partially successful.[27] In 2004, the missile was again tested from the INS Subhadra and was this time successful.[28] Then the following year in December the missile's 350 km version was tested from the INS Rajput and hit the land based target.[29] [edit] Agni The Agni (Sanskrit: Fire) missile system comprises three missiles: Agni I, Agni II Agni III Agni-I uses the SLV-3 booster (from India's space program) for its first stage and a liquid-fueled Prithvi for its second stage.[30] Nuclear-capable Agni-II missiles have a range of up to 3,000 km and can carry a payload of 1,000 kg.[31] Unlike the Agni-I, the Agni-II has a solid-fueled second stage.[32] In July 2006, India successfully test-fired Agni-III,[33] a two-stage nuclear-capable ballistic missile with a range of 3,000 km.[34] Both stages of the Agni-III utilizes solid-fuel propellants and its range can be extended to 4,000 km.[35] The missile is capable of carrying a nuclear payload within the range of 600 to 1,800 kg including decoys and other anti-ballistic counter-measures.[36] India's DRDO is also working on a submarine-launched ballistic missile version of the Agni-III missile, known as the Agni-III SL. This missile is expected to provide India with a credible sea-based second strike capability. According to Indian defense sources, Agni-III SL will have a range of 3,500 km. [37] In addition, the 5,000 km range Agni-V ICBM is expected to be tested by 2010-11.[38] [edit] Surya The report of Surya ICBM has not been confirmed by officials of the Indian government and have repeatedly denied the existence of the project.The Surya ICBM is an ICBM program that has been mentioned repeatedly in the Indian press .[39] Surya (meaning Sun in Sanskrit and many other Indian languages) is the codename for the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile that India is reported to be developing. The DRDO is believed to have begun the project in 1994. As the missile is yet to be developed, the specifications of the missile are not known and the entire program continues to remain highly speculative.[40] Estimates of the range of this missile vary from 5,000 kms[41] to 10,000 kms.[42] It is believed to be a three-stage design, with the first two stages using solid propellants and the third-stage using liquid. In 2007, the Times of India reported that the DRDO is yet to reveal whether India's currently proposed ICBM will be called Agni-V (or Surya-1).[41] As of 2009 it was reported that the government had not considered an 8,000-km range ICBM.[39] Four decades of investments in a missile-related design, development, and manufacturing infrastructure have also made this sector less vulnerable to long-term disruption by technology denial regimes. More significantly, India's sophisticated civilian satellite launch capability makes it one of the few developing states theoretically capable of building an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).[43] Shaurya is India's first hypersonic missile. [edit] Shaurya The Shaurya missile (Sanskrit: Valour) is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed by DRDO of India for use by the Indian Army. It has a range of 600 km and is capable of carrying a payload of one-tonne conventional or nuclear warhead. The Shaurya missile provides India with a significant second strike capability[44]. Shaurya Missile is considered a land version of the Sagarika. This missile is stored in a composite canister just like the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The composite canister makes the missile much easier to store for long periods without maintenance as well as to handle and transport. It also houses the gas generator to eject the missile from the canister before its solid propellant motors take over to hurl it at the intended target. Shaurya missiles can remain hidden or camouflaged in underground silos from enemy surveillance or satellites till they are fired from the special storage-cum-launch canisters. DRDO Defence scientists admit that given Shaurya's limited range at present, either the silos will have to be constructed closer to India's borders or longer-range missiles will have to be developed. The Shaurya system will require some more tests before it becomes fully operational in two-three years. Moreover, defense scientists say the high-speed, two-stage Shaurya has high maneuverability which also makes it less vulnerable to existing anti-missile defense systems.[45]. When Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems AAD and PAD are to be tested again, the Shaurya invulnerability to anti-missile systems will be tested. The DRDO scientists also have said that if Shaurya is successful and manages to avoid anti ballistic missile radars then the missile can even be used to improve the AAD and PAD systems. [edit] Sagarika Sagarika (Sanskrit: Wave / Born from the Ocean) is a nuclear capable submarine-launched ballistic missile with a range of 750 km. This missile has a length of 8.5 meters, weighs seven tonnes and can carry a pay load of up to 500 kg.[46]. The development of this missile started in 1991. The first confirmation about the missile came in 1998[47]. The development of the underwater missile launcher know as the Project 78 (P78) was completed in 2001. This was handed over to the Indian Navy for trials. The missile was successfully test fired thrice. The Indian Navy plans to introduce the missile into service by the end of 2010. Sagarika missile is being integrated with the Advanced Technology Vessel that is expected to begin sea trials by 2009.[48] Sagarika will form part of the triad in India's nuclear deterrence and will provide with retaliatory nuclear strike capability.[49] Sagarika has already been test-fired from an underwater pontoon, but now DRDO is planning a full-fledged test of the missile from a submarine and for this purpose may use the services of a Russian sub-marine.[50]. Eventually it could be introduced into as many as 5 ballistic missile submarines. [edit] Cruise missiles India has a number of Moskit supersonic nuclear capable cruise missile P-70 Ametist cruise missile Nirbhay Nirbhay (Sanskrit "Fearless") is a long range, subsonic cruise missile being developed in India. The missile will have a range of 1,000 km and will arm three services, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force.[51] The Nirbhay will be able to be launched from multiple platforms on land, sea and air. The first test flight of the missile is expected in the year 2009.[52] Nirbhay will be a terrain hugging, stealth missile[53] capable of delivering 24 different types of warheads depending on mission requirements and will use inertial navigation system for guidance.[54]. There are plans to arm the IL-76MDs with the aerial version of the missile.[55] 3M-54 Klub India has acquired around 200 3M-54 Klub for arming Talwar class frigate, Shivalik class frigate, Kolkata class destroyer and Sindhughosh class submarine[56]. The Russian 3M-54 Klub is a multi-role missile system developed by the Novator Design Bureau (OKB-8) with a range of 250 km-300 km and an average speed of .8 Mach with a maximum of 2.9 Mach.[57] India has both the Klub-N and Klub-S variant to be used for Ships and Submarines respectively.[58]. Both the Klub-N and Klub-S have been tested successfully. India currently has the 3M-54E, 3M-54E1, 91RE1 and 91RE2 variants. In addition the Navy has plans to arm the Tu-142 and Tu-22M with an air-launched version. Due to Klub's longer range than BrahMos it may also be used in the Mirage 2000 and Su-30 MKI too. The Navy has shown interest in buying more Klubs which would be incorporated on to the S-1000 submarine if bought by India. India is also keen on other Former Soviet cruise missile such as the P-700 Granit and P-500 Bazalt. Popeye India imported a large number of Israel's Rafael made Popeye Missile in late 1999.[59]. Popeye II, an air launched cruise missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads with a range of 80 km can be launched from planes was given to India along with missile defence radars in a deal.[60]. At that time the United States was wary of this due to its close relations with Pakistan. But due to recent military and strategic dealings between the Israel, India and the United States, it is thought that the United States has little or no objection now. The exact number transferred to India is unknown, but possibly 20 missiles to perhaps 50 missiles could have been given with possibly more being built in India. It is still not known which planes are armed with these missiles but it is thought to be the Tu-142 and Sukhoi Su-30MKI, which incorporate some Israeli technology. P-70 Ametist India has Soviet P-70 Ametist submarine-launched cruise missiles.[61]. The missile were mostly probably bought in the early 90s and may be used today as canistered launched land based cruise missiles instead of submarine launched cruise missiles. The missiles can carry nuclear warheads and have a range of 50–65 km. Although they are extremely old and incompetent due to their low range and speed, there are still reports that they are kept in reserve and can still be used due to their upgrades in the late 90s.[62]. Moskit India has a number of operational Moskits.[61] The P-270 Moskit is a Russian supersonic ramjet powered cruise missile capable of being launched from land and ships. India has most probably bought both land and ship variants which have a range of 120 km. India bought around 200 Klub missiles and now it is believed that the Moskit have been kept in reserve but can still be used. Brahmos This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed the BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited. The acronym BrahMos is perceived as the confluence of the two nations represented by two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia. It travels at speeds of Mach 2.5 to 2.8 and is the world's fastest cruise missile. It is about three-and-a-half times faster than the U.S.A's subsonic Harpoon[2] cruise missile. A hypersonic version of the missile is also presently under development (Lab Tested with 5.26 Mach Speed).[3] BrahMos claims to have the capability of attacking surface targets as low as 10 meters in altitude. It can gain a speed of Mach 2.8, and has a maximum range of 290 km.[1] The ship-launched and land-based missiles can carry a 200 kg warhead, whereas the aircraft-launched variant (BrahMos A) can carry a 300 kg warhead. It has a two-stage propulsion system, with a solid-propellant rocket for initial acceleration and a liquid-fueled ramjet responsible for sustained supersonic cruise. Air-breathing ramjet propulsion is much more fuel-efficient than rocket propulsion, giving the BrahMos a longer range than a pure rocket-powered missile would achieve.[citation needed] The high speed of the BrahMos likely gives it better target-penetration characteristics than lighter subsonic cruise-missiles such as the Tomahawk.[5] Being twice as heavy and almost four times faster than the Tomahawk, the BrahMos has almost 32 times the initial kinetic energy of a Tomahawk missile (although it pays for this by having only 3/5 the payload and a fraction of the range despite weighing twice as much, suggesting a different tactical paradigm to achieve the objective). Although BrahMos is primarily an anti-ship missile, it can also engage land based targets. It can be launched either in a vertical or inclined position and is capable of covering targets over a 360 degree horizon. The BrahMos missile has an identical configuration for land, sea, and sub-sea platforms. The air-launched version has a smaller booster and additional tail fins for added stability during launch. The BrahMos is currently being configured for aerial deployment with the Su-30MKI as its carrier [edit] Surface to air missile Akash SAM Akash Akash (Hindi: Sky) is India's medium range surface-to-air missile defense system The missile can target aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m.[63] Akash can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms.[64] Akash is said to be capable of both conventional and nuclear warheads, with a reported payload of 60 kg.[65] A nuclear warhead could potentially give the missile the capability to destroy both aircraft and warheads from ballistic missiles. The missile is described as being able to strike several targets simultaneously, which could mean either separate, independently targetable warheads, or a sufficient blast to destroy a number of them. Along with India, a limited number of other countries including the US and Russia have developed operational multi-target handling surface-to-air missile systems capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. [edit] Delivery mechanisms Former leased Charlie-Class submarine 6 Sindhughosh Class submarines can fire nuclear capable cruise missile, 3M-54 Klub INS Sindhuvijay The INS Tabar and other Talwar class frigates are armed with the Nuclear capable 3M-54 Klub cruise missiles The Shivalik class frigates are armed with the 3M-54 Klub and may also incorporate the nuclear capable Nirbhay missile in the future. Seen here is the INS Shivalik when under sea trials. IAF Sukhoi Su-30 MKI [edit] Nuclear submarines According to some accounts, India plans to have as many as 20 nuclear submarines capable of carrying missiles with nuclear warheads. Currently, India has built one and is building two more nuclear submarines under the Advanced Technology Vessel plan. India currently maintains six submarines of the Sindhughosh Class that can launch the nuclear-capable 3M-54 Klub cruise missiles. Former Leasing of Soviet submarines In 1988 INS Chakra (Sanskrit: Wheel), a Charlie-class submarine was leased by the Indian Navy for three years from the Soviet Union, until 1991. The submarine was leased to India between 1988 and 1991 mainly for India to gain experience in the operations of a nuclear submarine. It was later decommissioned in 1991. Arihant class submarine The Arihant class submarines (Sanskrit: Slayer of Enemies) are a class of nuclear-powered Ballistic Missile submarines being constructed for the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam, India under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) Project [66][67] The ATV is an SSBN and will be armed with ballistic missiles. The first of these, INS Arihant was launched on 26 July 2009. The vessel, which will undergo sea-trials for up to two years, will then be equipped with an unknown number of K-15 Sagarika SLBMs[68]. The second and third submarines of the class may incorporate the Nirbhay as well. As of July 2007, the Sagarika missile as well as Dhanush had undergone three successful tests each. INS Cruise Missile Submarines The INS Sindhuraj(Sanskrit: King of the Ocean), INS Sindhuvir(Sanskrit: Warrior of the Ocean), INS Sindhuratna(Sanskrit: Gem of the Ocean), INS Sindhushastra (Sanskrit: Weapon of the Ocean), INS Sindhukesari(Sanskrit: Lion of the Ocean) and INS Sindhuvijay(Sanskrit: Conqueror of the Ocean) are capable of launching 3M-54 Klub and BrahMos nuclear-capable cruise missiles.[69]. India bought 10 Kilo class (in India known as Sindhughosh Class) submarine of which 6 have been refitted by the Russian Navy so that the they can launch cruise missiles such as nuclear capable 3M-54 Klub. Leasing of Russian Akula and Amur Submarines In 2000, negotiations between India and Russia were conducted into the leasing of two incomplete Akula class. The Akulas were to be delivered to the Indian Navy in 2008 on a lease of at least seven years and up to ten years, in which at the end of the lease, it has an option to buy them. The acquisition was to help the Indian Navy prepare for the introduction of the ATV. The cost to India of acquiring two Akula submarines and their support infrastructure along with training of the crews had been estimated at $2 billion.[70]. The Indian version was reportedly armed with the 300 km range 3M-54 Klub nuclear-capable missiles.[71]. Supposedly on 9 November 2008 one of the two submarines was conducting tests, when an accident on board killed 20 sailors but no damage occurred to the submarine. Though this deal fell apart for some time due to the Indians demanding an upgrade/improvement in some of its safety features, Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev on his official trip to New Delhi said that the deal was back on track and that "The talk is not about selling submarines into India's property, but about their rent by India's navy".[72] However, unlike the earlier deal the modified deal states that India can only rent and not buy the subs, but defence experts state that the so-called lease agreement is only to divert international attention and that it would be eventually modified and India would inevitably keep the subs. The first submarine will be named INS Chakra.[73]. Russia has also offered the advanced Amur Class Submarine, known as the S1000. According to GlobalSecurity India is already building the S1000 cruise missile submarines in Mazagaon Docks.[74] The Amur will be most probably fitted with P-700 Granit or the Klub cruise missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. [edit] Frigates, destroyers and aircraft carriers Other than submarines, India also maintains ships such as destroyers, modified patrol crafts and frigates which can launch nuclear capable ballistic and cruise missiles. Talwar class frigate and Shivalik class frigate are frigates of the Indian Navy that can fire nuclear capable cruise missiles. INS Tabar and INS Trishul are Talwar class vessel armed with supersonic nuclear 3M-54 Klub cruise missiles while INS Shivalik was the first vessel of the Shivalik class to incorporate the 3M-54 Klub. Other vessels of the Shivalik Class and Talwar Class are to be armed with the BrahMos and 3M-54 Klub missiles by 2009 and 2010 respectively. All these frigates are also equipped with Barak missiles or other SAMs and harbour helicopters such as the HAL Dhruv. In years to come, the Nirbhay missile is also to be incorporated into Talwar class frigates and Shivalik class frigates. Rajput Class, Kolkata Class and Delhi Class are Destroyers of the Indian Navy that may be armed with nuclear capable missile-Nirbhay. In addition Kolkata Class will also incorporate the Russian nuclear 3M-54 Klub cruise missile.[56] The ship launched Dhanush Ballistic Missile was tested from INS Subhadra of the Sukanya class patrol craft in 2000. INS Subhadra is a patrol vessel which was modified and the missile was launched from the reinforced helicopter deck. The 250 km variant was tested but the tests were considered partially successful.[27] In 2004, the missile was again tested from the INS Subhadra and was this time successful.[28] Then the following year in December the missile's 350 km version was tested from the INS Rajput and hit the land based target.[29]. INS Vikramaditya Aircraft Carrier (formerly known as Admiral Gorshkov) was fitted with P-500 Bazalt nuclear capable cruise missiles of the range of 550 km.[75] The Vikramaditya could still be armed with this after its refit. India is also a potential customer for a Slava class cruiser which also incorporates the P-500 Bazalt [edit] Nuclear-capable aircraft India currently has Fourth generation jet fighters capable of launching nuclear weapons. Nuclear-capable aircraft are also seen as a less expensive way of dropping nuclear warheads as well as being as effective. Fighter Jets Indian Air Force Mirage 2000H. The Sukhoi Su-30MKI,[76] Dassault Mirage 2000 [77], and MiG-29[78] serve in the Indian Air Force and are also seen as a means to deliver nuclear weapons. In addition India maintains SEPECAT Jaguar and MiG-27M which can be used to drop gravity bombs.[79] However, these planes would be considered useless in the 21st century as gravity bombs have little chance of accomplishing a task.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Su-30MKI, capable of carrying nuclear weapons and tailor-made for Indian specifications, integrates Indian systems and avionics.[76] is one of the best air superiority fighters and also consists of French and Israeli subsystems.[80] The MKI variant features several improvements over the basic K and MK variants and is classified as a 4.5 generation fighter.[81][82] Due to similar features and components, the MKI variant is often considered to be a customized Indian variant of the Sukhoi Su-35. The Mirage 2000Hs were heavily customised during the Kargil War and is the only other version, other than the French 2000N, to be able to be armed with nuclear weapons. However, the air force doesn't really see the Mirage as a nuclear strike aircraft. Though MiG-29 like the HAL Tejas after many test flights have not been tested to use nuclear weapons, they have the capacity to be armed with them. Both the HAL Tejas and Su-30MKI can travel excess of 3,000 km without refueling; this allows India to attack targets far away in an effective manner only using planes rather than delivery systems such as the Agni. The HAL Tejas is India's only indigenous plane to be armed with nuclear weapons, thus making India less dependent on Russia. India has leased four Russian Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers, which could carry air-launched cruise missiles. India has reportedly upgraded its Russian-built Tu-142 maritime patrol aircraft to carry air-launched cruise missiles.[83] [edit] Ballistic missile defense India's Advanced Air Defense (AAD) interceptor missile Main article: Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program India has an active ABM development effort using indigenously developed and integrated radars and locally designed missiles.[84] In November 2006, India successfully conducted the PADE (Prithvi Air Defence Exercise) in which an Anti-ballistic missile, called the Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) an Exoatmospheric (outside the atmosphere) interceptor system intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile. The PAD missile has the secondary stage of the Prithvi missile and can reach altitude of 80 km. During the test the target missile was intercepted at an 50 km altitude.[85] India became the fourth nation in the world to acquire such a capability and the third nation to develop it through indigenous effort.[86] On 6 December 2007 the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) missile system was tested successfully.[87] This missile is an Endo atmospheric interceptor with an altitude of 30 km. According to scientist V K Saraswat of DRDO the missiles will work in tandem to ensure a hit probability of 99.8 percent.[88] Induction of the system into services is expected to be in 2010. Two new anti ballistic missiles that can intercept IRBM/ICBMs are being developed. These high speed missiles (AD-1 and AD-2) are being developed to intercept ballistic missiles with the range of 5,000 km.[89] India also has Russian S300PMU-2 and it is used as an interceptor for Ballistic missiles. An indigenous nuclear tipped surface to air missile, Akash Missile is used to destroy low range missiles and is capable of destroying various targets and is one of the few of its kind systems in the world. India has also shown interest in the Russian S-400, the most advanced anti-ballistic missile. [edit] Chemical weapons In 1992 India signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), stating that it did not have chemical weapons and the capacity or capability to manufacture chemical weapons. By doing this India became one of the original signatories of the Chemical Weapons Convention [CWC] in 1993[90], and ratified it on 2 September 1996. According to India's ex-Army Chief General Sunderji, a country having the capability of making nuclear weapons does not need to have chemical weapons, since the dread of chemical weapons could be created only in those countries that do not have nuclear weapons. Others suggested that the fact that India has found chemical weapons dispensable highlighted its confidence in the conventional weapons system at its command. India informed the United Nations in May, 2009 that it had destroyed its stockpile of chemical weapons in compliance with the international Chemical Weapons Convention. With this India has become third country after South Korea and Albania to do so.[91] This was cross-checked by inspectors of the United Nations. India has an advanced commercial chemical industry, and produces the bulk of its own chemicals for domestic consumption. It is also widely acknowledged that India has an extensive civilian chemical and pharmaceutical industry and annually exports considerable quantities of chemicals to countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, and Taiwan.[92] [edit] Biological warfare India has a well-developed biotechnology infrastructure that includes numerous pharmaceutical production facilities bio-containment laboratories (including BSL-3 and BSL-4) for working with lethal pathogens. It also has highly qualified scientists with expertise in infectious diseases. Some of India's facilities are being used to support research and development for BW defense purposes. India has ratified the BWC and pledges to abide by its obligations. There is no clear evidence, circumstantial or otherwise, that directly points toward an offensive BW program. New Delhi does possess the scientific capability and infrastructure to launch an offensive BW program, but has chosen not to do so. In terms of delivery, India also possesses the capability to produce aerosols and has numerous potential delivery systems ranging from crop dusters to sophisticated ballistic missiles.[93] In 2001, after Indian Postal Services received 17 "suspicious" letters believed to contain Bacillus anthracis spores, a Bio-Safety Level 2 (BSL-2) Laboratory was established to provide guidance in preparing the Indian government for a biological attack. B. anthracis is one of many pathogens studied at the institute, which also examines pathogens causing tuberculosis, typhoid, hepatitis B, rabies, yellow fever, Lassa fever, Ebola, and plague.[93] The Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE) at Gwalior is the primary establishment for studies in toxicology and biochemical pharmacology and development of antibodies against several bacterial and viral agents. Work is in progress to prepare responses to threats like Anthrax, Brucellosis, cholera and plague, viral threats like smallpox and viral hemorrhage fever and biotoxic threats like botulism. Most of the information is classified. Researchers have developed chemical/biological protective gear, including masks, suits, detectors and suitable drugs. India has a 'no first use' policy. India has ratified the BWC and pledges to abide by its obligations. There is no clear evidence, circumstantial or otherwise, that directly points toward an offensive BW program. New Delhi does possess the scientific capability and infrastructure to launch an offensive BW program, but has not chosen to do so. In terms of delivery, India also possesses the capability to produce aerosols and has numerous potential delivery systems ranging from crop dusters to sophisticated ballistic missiles. However, no information exists in the public domain suggesting interest by the Indian government in delivery of biological agents by these or any other means. To reiterate the latter point, in October 2002, Indian President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam asserted that "we [India] will not make biological weapons. It is cruel to human beings..."[93] [edit] See also Minimum Credible Deterrence [edit] References ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Kalam-certifies-Pokharan-II-Santhanam-stands-his-ground/articleshow/4942911.cms ^ a b Norris, Robert S. and Hans M. Kristensen "India's nuclear forces, 2005". "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists". September/October 2005. doi:10.2968/061005021. http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/147052n7g76v4733/?p=e7e3958700f5489a91d4e733984abb4e&pi=20. 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Times of India. 13 November 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_test-fires_submarine-launched_missile/articleshow/3703369.cms.  ^ Sagarika missile test-fired successfully ^ India ready for new missile test ^ Final test of K-15 ballistic missile on Tuesday ^ India gets sub-marine missile power ^ Coming from India's defense unit: ASTRA missile ^ Fearless Tomahawk-type missile on radar ^ India plans to test new medium-range missile in 2009 ^ DRDO developing hypersonic missile ^ Nirbhay to beef up missile muscle ^ http://livefist.blogspot.com/2007/08/more-on-nirbhay.html ^ a b http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Klub.html ^ http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/club.htm ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3M-54_Klub ^ http://www.debka.com/article.php?aid=728 ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/agm-142.htm ^ a b http://www.india-defence.com/specifications/submarines/60 ^ http://www.missilethreat.com/cruise/id.97/cruise_detail.asp ^ Asian tribune: Upgraded version of 'Akash' test fired; By Hemanta Kumar Rout ^ Sharma, Ravi, Air Force to place order for Akash missile system. The Hindu, 13 April 2008. Accessed 19 April 2008 ^ http://www.missilethreat.com/archives/id.4016/detail.asp ^ The secret undersea weapon ^ "Indian nuclear submarine", India Today, August 2007 edition ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/27/stories/2009072760301000.htm ^ The Hindu : International / India & World : Russia may lease nuclear submarine to India ^ Project 971 Shuka-B Akula class www.globalsecurity.com ^ The Hindu : International / India & World : Russia may lease nuclear submarine to India ^ http://in.news.yahoo.com/137/20081215/738/tnl-russia-mulls-nuclear-sub-lease-to-in.html ^ "Indian nuclear submarine", India Today, July 2008 edition ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/project-76.htm ^ http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/ships/future/193-ins-vikramaditya.html ^ a b http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jawa/jawa010108_1_n.shtml ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage_2000#Operational history ^ http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/india/aircraft/index.html ^ http://www.cdi.org/issues/nukef&f/database/innukes.html ^ http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6809147_ITM ^ The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion ^ Su-30MKI ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/aircraft.htm ^ Interview: Vijay Kumar Saraswat Chief Controller of Research and Development, India's DRDO ^ Prithvi Mission Milestone in Missile Defence. ^ Outlook India. India develops new anti-missile system. 27 November 2006. ^ INDIA successfully conducts interceptor supersonic missile test ^ India on way to joining exclusive BMD club ^ India to develop high speed interceptors ^ [pointer]=49 ^ http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20090514/812/tnl-india-destroys-its-chemical-weapons.html ^ http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/india/chemical/index.html ^ a b c http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/india/biological/index.html 49. http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/status-of-participation-in-the-cwc/?tx_damfrontend_pi1[pointer]=2 [edit] External links Indian Nuclear Weapons program A good article with very detailed information Nuclear Files.org India's nuclear conflict with Pakistan- background and the current situation Nuclear Files.org Current information on nuclear stockpiles in India Missile testing ranges of India Video interviews taken at the 2008 NPT PrepCom on the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act [show] v • d • e Military of India Military of India Portal · Category (Army · Navy · Air Force · Coast Guard) Branches Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force Indian Coast Guard History · Academies · Ranks and insignia:(Army · Air Force · Navy) · Special Forces · Indian Peace Keeping Force · Paramilitary forces · Strategic Forces Command · Strategic Nuclear Command · Ballistic missiles · Weapons of mass destruction · Defence Research and Development Organisation Wars and conflicts Indo-Pakistani wars of 1947 / 1965 / 1971 · Operation Polo · Operation Vijay · Sino-Indian War · Chola incident · Siachen conflict · Blue Star · Wood Rose · 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish · Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War · Operation Cactus · Kargil War · Kashmir insurgency · 2001 Indian–Bangladeshi border conflict · Operation Parakram · Naxalite-Maoist insurgency

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction"

Categories: Independent India | Military of India | Weapons of mass destruction | Nuclear weapons programme of India

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