Abbott Labs pays 3.7 bn dollars to buy into Mumbai's Piramal Healthcare!Abbott Laboratories will become the largest seller of prescription drugs in India!

United States can't act alone in the world: Obama

Obama's Wall Street "reform" bill passes: US Senate rubber-stamps the dictatorship of the big banks

Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams,Chapter 481

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

Abbott Laboratories will become the largest seller of prescription drugs in India!As Health Tour has replaced public health care as Education system is replaced with Knowledge Economy, Indian Majority Masses who have no Purchasing Power to get treatment in any Efficient Hospital and are made subject to be DEAD Without FIRST AID or Diagnosis, now within the MNC Boom and Foreign Capital Inflow following would have not the money to buy medicines Prescribed!

All About Mangalore Air Crash

Black box of Air India flight not traced, all bodies found

A court of inquiry will be ordered soon to know the cause of the disaster. Crash may not hit Reliance-led insurers

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http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/

Abbott shares gained 16 cents to $46.64 in afternoon trading in New York.Abbott expects pharma sales in India, which are on track to hit $8 billion this year, to more than double by 2015.But Shares of Abbott Laboratories lost ground early Friday after the healthcare products conglomerate announced it plans to buy Indian drug maker Piramal Healthcare's branded generic drugs unit for about $3.7 billion.

Abbott (ABT) shares were down almost 2% at $45.68.

Under the terms of the deal, Abbott will pay $2.12 billion upfront, followed by payments of $400 million annually for the next four years.

Abbott said the acquisition will make it the largest pharmaceutical company in India.

The two leading sector indicators, meanwhile, were split in morning trading. The NYSE Arca Pharmaceutical Index (DRG) dipped 0.8% to 267.55 while the NYSE Arca Biotechnology Index (BTK) was up marginally at 1047.63.

On the small-cap side, shares of Anadys Pharmaceuticals (ANDS) climbed 6% to $2.39.

Early Friday, Anadys released positive interim results from a Phase II clinical trial for its hepatitis C treatment ANA598.

Abbott Labs pays 3.7 bn dollars to buy into Mumbai's Piramal Healthcare! US drug giant Abbott Laboratories has bought into the domestic business of India's Piramal Healthcare for a whopping 3.7 billion dollars.

The most neglected news item on National TV Channels happen to be Virtual takeover of Indian Health Care by MNCs! Mangalore Air Crash Live Coverage round the clock deleted the space for the most important Corporate Event!In Piramal, Abbott will gain a host of branded generic medicines that have lost patent protection in India yet remain top sellers due to loyalty to the brand name.

Obama's Wall Street "reform" bill passes: US Senate rubber-stamps the dictatorship of the big banks!

Facing Recession the United States of America and its leadership adopted the Strategy of Nationalisation and REGULATION in the Financial Sector, but the India Incs Government of Superslaves ruling the Manusmriti Zionsist Hegemony controlled US War Economy Peripherry, first calimed RISILIENCE of the SENSEX Shining Nuclear Hindu EXCLUSIVE Economy and then reversed the economic Policies with large scale Disinvestment and DEREGULATION. India is now FREE Market Democracy in which Excluded Majority Population is subjected to be killed in Unprecedented Economic Ethnic Cleansing described as Inclusion and Inclusive Growth. OBC hedcound has launched a Hate campaign afresh as Demonisation of Abriginal Indigenous Minority Communities continues with Corporate Friend State Power Protected UnprecedentedViolence Flare Up called as Maoist Menace.
Contributed by jackloel (Reporter)
Saturday, May 22, 2010 3:20
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Obama's Wall Street "reform" bill passes: US Senate rubber-stamps the dictatorship of the big banks

By Patrick Martin
22 May 2010

WSWS

The US Senate's passage of the Obama administration's financial reform bill Thursday was hailed in the media and by official Washington as a landmark effort to curb the power of the big banks. But on Wall Street itself, the news was greeted with a mixture of dismissal and applause.

Bank stocks soared on Friday, with the share price of JP Morgan Chase, one of the biggest finance houses, surging 5.9 percent and helping drive the Dow Jones Industrial Average up 125 points. Other bank stocks rose sharply: Bank of America up 4.7 percent, Goldman Sachs up 3.3 percent, Morgan Stanley, Wells Fargo and Citigroup. The S&P financial sector index was up 3.6 percent overall.

The Wall Street Journal reported the rise in prices under the headline, "Financial Stocks Turn Higher After Senate Passes Reform Bill." CNNMoney.com titled its story, "Bank stocks rally on heels of Wall Street reform," noting that "major banks reacted positively to the reform's passage, and shares climbed in afternoon trading."

There is a striking and politically illuminating contrast between the market reaction and the populist phrases mouthed by Democratic politicians in Washington. Harry Reid, the Democrat majority leader in the Senate, boasted, "When this bill becomes law, the joyride on Wall Street will come to a screeching halt."

President Obama was more restrained, declaring, "Our goal is not to punish the banks but to protect the larger economy and the American people from the kind of upheavals that we've seen in the past few years." But he hailed the passage of the bill as a triumph over intensive lobbying by the major banks (who were among his biggest financial backers in the 2008 presidential campaign).

"When they couldn't kill it, they tried to water it down," he claimed, adding, "Taxpayers will never again be asked to foot the bill for Wall Street's mistakes. There will be no more taxpayer-funded bailouts. Period."

Obama met Friday with Senator Christopher Dodd, chairman of the Senate banking committee, and Representative Barney Frank, chairman of the House financial services committee, for the first discussion on how to square the Senate bill with the version that passed the House of Representatives late last year. A House-Senate conference committee will combine the two bills and the resulting legislation would by on the president's desk before July 4, Frank told the press.

Senate passage was assured by a vote early Thursday to close debate on the legislation and end a filibuster mounted by the near-unanimous Republican opposition. Three Republicans from New England—Scott Brown of Massachusetts and Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins of Maine—joined the Democrats on that vote, offsetting the two Democrats, Russell Feingold of Wisconsin and Maria Cantwell of Washington, who sought more restrictions on the banks.

The last obstacle was overcome with an agreement between the Democratic and Republican leaders to block a vote on an amendment by Democrats Carl Levin of Michigan and Jeff Merkley of Oregon that would have banned banks from engaging in high-risk trading with funds insured by the FDIC and from betting against the investments they sell to their own customers. Levin called that backroom deal "the most powerful evidence of the long arm of Wall Street reaching into this body."

Actually, the entire legislation could be described in that fashion. The Obama administration and congressional Democrats have indulged in occasional bouts of bank-bashing rhetoric—Reid declared the bill would protect Americans from "Wall Street greed that cost middle-class families their homes, their jobs and their retirement savings." But no bankers will go to jail, lose their jobs, suffer pay cuts or even be seriously inconvenienced, after the greatest financial collapse since the Great Depression.

The Wall Street casino will continue to play the dominant role in American capitalism. In the last two decades, under Democratic and Republican administrations alike, the big financial institutions have grown bigger and bigger, to the point where the six largest banks—Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Citibank and Wells Fargo—have tripled their share of US financial assets, now controlling more than 60 percent of the total.

There are no proposals for breaking up these giant financial monopolies, let alone bringing them under public control and ownership for the benefit of working people, the vast majority of the population. Instead, the bankers will be required to fill out a few more forms and observe a few new rules—requiring them merely to exercise their ingenuity and find new ways of swindling the people and plundering the public treasury.

The bill is 1,500 pages long, and the final text awaits detailed analysis. But the major provisions, as summarized in the financial press, include the following:....

www.wsws.org/articles/2010/may2010/bank-m22.shtml

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United States can't act alone in the world: Obama

West Point (New York): President Barack Obama insisted on Saturday that the United States cannot act alone in the world as he outlined a new national security strategy aimed at cementing his break with the Bush era's more unilateral approach.

Setting out his vision for keeping America safe as it fights wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Obama put international cooperation at the centre of his foreign policy, in contrast to what critics derided as the "cowboy diplomacy" of his predecessor, George W Bush.

"The burdens of this century cannot fall on our soldiers alone, it [sic] also cannot fall on American shoulders alone," Obama told graduating cadets at the US Military Academy at West Point. "Our adversaries would like to see America sap its strength by overextending our power."

Obama's aides had cast his speech as a preview of his national security strategy -- a policy document required by law of every US president — before it is released next week.

Bush laid out in 2002 what is commonly known as the 'Bush Doctrine' asserting that the United States would launch pre-emptive war against countries as well as terrorist groups deemed a threat to the United States. What followed was the US-led invasion of Iraq.

The Obama administration has fuelled speculation that the president's new strategy will back away from that controversial concept and instead stress the need to prevent attacks through multilateral ties and sound intelligence.

Though Obama gave no clear signal on this issue in his West Point speech, he did assert that the only reason US forces continued fighting in Afghanistan was because "plotting persists to this day" there by al-Qaeda extremists behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States.

Obama said the United States must strengthen existing alliances, build new partnerships, and promote human rights worldwide.

"We are clear-eyed about the shortfalls of our international system," he said. "But America has not succeeded by stepping out of the currents of cooperation."

Obama also kept up his outreach to the Muslim world. While accusing al-Qaeda of distorting Islamic values, he avoided using terms like "war on terror" and "Islamo-fascists" that Bush employed regularly and which alienated many Muslims.

"Extremists want a war between America and Islam, but Muslims are a part of our national life," Obama said.

Obama has been widely credited with improving the tone of US foreign policy but is still struggling with serious challenges ranging from nuclear standoffs with Iran and North Korea to sluggish West Asia peace efforts.

Providing a status report on Afghanistan, Obama warned of tough fighting ahead to break the momentum of a resurgent Taliban. "There will be difficult days ahead," the president said. "But we will adapt, we will persist, and I have no doubt that together with our Afghan and international partners, we will succeed in Afghanistan."

When Obama last visited West Point in December, he used it for a televised speech unveiling his plan to send 30,000 more US troops to Afghanistan coupled with a promise to start bringing forces home in July 2011.

The buildup is nearing completion. It is considered vital to a US-led offensive expected in coming months in the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar that could weigh heavily on the success or failure of Obama's approach.

Obama spoke just over a week after hosting Afghanistan's president Hamid Karzai at the White House, where they presented a unified front in a bid to show their differences were behind them.

But that did not mean the Obama administration or US lawmakers, who hold the purse strings, had suddenly gained full confidence in Karzai as a credible partner.

Obama's challenge is to convince a sceptical American public and Congress that the war is worth fighting and funding and to keep Afghanistan from becoming a political liability in a congressional election year.

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The deal is part of Abbott's drive to establish itself as a leading emerging market pharmaceutical player and reflects the growing global importance of generics as well as the rise of India's consumer market for drugs.

Abbott, based in North Chicago, Ill., will pay $2.12 billion up front, plus $400 million annually for four years.

The deal will vault Abbott past market leaders Cipla and Ranbaxy to number one in India's fast growing market, with a 7 percent market share.

The deal to buy Piramal's Healthcare Solutions allows Abbott to tap into the second-most-populated country and one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, the North Chicago-based drug giant said Friday.

Pharmaceutical sales alone in emerging markets are growing three times the rate of sales in developed countries, according to industry analysts.

"Emerging markets represent one of the greatest opportunities in health care, not only in pharmaceuticals but across all of our business

segments," said Abbott Chairman and Chief Executive Miles White.

"Today, emerging markets represent more than 20 percent of Abbott's total business."

Fending off competition from other drug companies like Britain's GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Aventis and Pfizer, Abbott won the auction bid for Piramal. The deal reflects the heightened interest Western firms have displayed in the rapidly growing Indian drug market.

"It's a race. These markets are so significant in the future growth sources for our industry that it's important for us to be there early and in a meaningful, strong way," the Daily Express quoted Miles White, CEO of Abbott, as saying.

Piramal will retain its manufacturing business which supplies other drug makers around the world, as well as other operations including consumer products and bulk drugs manufacturing.

Analysts at Bernstein Research in New York called the purchase part of Abbott's "next leg of growth" strategy, as the company positions itself should sales slow for products like its flagship drug Humira for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune conditions. Humira accounts for more than $4 billion of Abbott's total annual sales of $30 billion.

Abbott already has made inroads into India, a market of 1.1 billion people and at least $8 billion in annual pharmaceutical sales, which analysts estimate will double by 2015.

Abbott, which also sells medical devices and nutritional supplements, spent much of the past year acquiring small to medium-size medical companies in an effort to diversify its revenue base. The company's best-selling drug Humira currently accounts for more than 30 percent of sales and is due to lose U.S. patent protection in 2017.

Credit Suisse analyst Catherine Arnold said the Piramal deal helps Abbott increase its emerging market presence and roster of established drugs.

"Today's deal is a reasonable next step for Abbott to continue its growth in both areas where Abbott had been lagging behind some of its pharma peers," Arnold said in a research note.

Piramal has India's largest sales force, with a strong network across fast-growing rural areas. Together, the companies will have over 7,500 employees in India.

Abbott said it expects its Indian pharma business with Piramal, which will be incorporated into a new Abbott division created to boost sales outside the U.S., to grow by 20 percent a year, with sales topping $2.5 billion by 2020.

Abbott said it plans to fund the Piramal acquisition with cash from its balance sheet and does not expect it to impact earnings guidance.

"Emerging markets represent one of the greatest opportunities in health care," Abbott chief executive Miles White said in a statement.

Emerging markets now account for over 20 percent of Abbott's business.

Last week, Abbott said it would license at least 24 products from India's Zydus Cadila to sell in emerging markets.

In February, Abbott closed its $6.2 billion acquisition of Belgium's Solvay Pharmaceuticals, which brings it about $850 million a year in emerging markets sales across Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia.

Abbott is not alone in pushing into places multinational pharmaceutical companies once feared to tread.

"Almost all big pharma companies have decided emerging markets will constitute 30 to 40 percent of growth in the coming decade," Shetty said.

Japan's Daiichi Sankyo paid $4 billion for a majority stake in India's Ranbaxy Laboratories in 2008 and GlaxoSmithKline has acquired exclusive rights to the pipeline of India's Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, which has over 100 generics for sale in emerging markets.

The cross-border friendship between such traditional foes — big pharma and generics makers — has bloomed as cost-conscious markets like India grow and a new appreciation for affordable drugs sweeps cash-strapped Western capitals, analysts say.

Big pharma's main markets — North America, Europe and Japan — are under serious pressure from slowing growth, a raft of patent expirations, and pending policy changes that would promote the use of more affordable generics.

India became a generics powerhouse because of a 1972 decision by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi not to recognize patents on drug products. That allowed Indian companies to legally copy expensive branded drugs as soon as they came to market, provided they manufactured the drugs in a novel way.

India ended its copycat generics edge in all but exceptional cases in 2005, when it implemented a World Trade Organization guarantee of 20-year patents on new drugs. But the nation's drugmakers still produce roughly one-fifth of the world's generics, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The deal with Abbott, which is still subject to shareholder approval, leaves Piramal Healthcare to reimagine its future.

Piramel will give up the most valuable parts of its healthcare business, leaving an assortment of services including custom manufacturing, over-the-counter consumer products and an affiliated drug discovery company called Piramal Life Sciences Ltd.

Ajay Piramal, head of the Piramal group, sought to reassure shareholders as his stock tanked in Mumbai trading Friday.

Piramal Healthcare closed down 11.8 percent in an otherwise flat market.

He said the company planned to use Abbott's money, after paying 22 percent capital gains tax, to invest in existing and new businesses and would consider a special shareholder dividend.

Earlier this month, Abbott signed a deal with Zydus Cadila to sell a portfolio of the India company's drugs, including generic medicines, in 15 emerging markets.

Terms of the Piramal acquisition call for Abbott to pay $2.1 billion upfront, followed by payments of $400 million annually for four years beginning in 2011.

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US stocks claw higher after Dow dives below 10000

AFP - ‎May 21, 2010‎

Abbott said it would buy Piramal Healthcare Solutions, a leader in the Indian branded generics market, from parent Piramal Healthcare Limited in a ...

US Stocks Pare Early Losses; Eurozone Concerns Linger Wall Street Journal

Stocks Drop on Economic Fears, Dow Below 10000 FOXBusiness

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The Week in Review for 21 May 2010

Livemint - ‎May 21, 2010‎

In pharmaceuticals, On Friday Piramal Healthcare agreed to sell its local formulations business to US multinational Abbott. The deal is worth $3.32 billion. ...

Piramal Healthcare

India Infoline.com - ‎May 14, 2010‎

Piramal Healthcare held an analyst meet in Mumbai to discuss the results for the quarter and year ended March 2010 and way forward. ...

BOM:500302

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Laila leaves coastal AP in tatters

Times of India - ‎19 hours ago‎

HYDERABAD: Cyclone Laila on Friday weakened into a depression and further into a low pressure area while moving towards south Orissa even as the state government launched the task of rehabilitating about 75000 displaced people and providing food and ...

Cyclone hit areas received an average of 2 inches rainfall per hour

The Hindu - ‎May 21, 2010‎

PTI THE HINDU An overview of Ongole town inundated due to heavy cyclonic rain on Friday. Photo: Srinivas Kommuri Coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh which bore the brunt of cyclone Laila received an average of about two inches of rainfall per hour, ...

Cyclone Laila hits southeast India, 23 killed

The Associated Press - Omer Farooq - ‎May 21, 2010‎

HYDERABAD, India — The death toll from a powerful cyclone that slammed into southeastern India, toppling power lines and triggering landslides, has climbed to 23, a top official said Friday. The storm plunged a large swath of coastal Andhra Pradesh ...

Cyclone Laila leaves coastal villagers in need of aid

Moneycontrol.com - ‎6 hours ago‎

Tens of thousands of people need emergency aid after cyclone Laila battered the eastern coast, inundating villages, smashing mud and thatch homes and wiping out vital cash crops, aid workers and government officials say. Reaching wind speeds of up to ...

Cyclone Laila hits Andhra Pradesh's fishing business

Oneindia - ‎7 hours ago‎

Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), May 22 (ANI): The fishing community in the port city of Visakhapatnam is among the worst hit by the 'Cyclone Laila'. Voicing their anxiety over the loss of business they said they did not pay much attention to the ...

23 killed as cyclone Laila batters southern India

Xinhua - Deng Shasha - ‎May 21, 2010‎

NEW DELHI, May 21 (Xinhua) -- At least 23 people were killed and some reportedly missing over the last two days as a powerful cyclone battered the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh in southern India, said officials. "Some 23 people were killed while at ...

Laila weakens, but could 'emerge' again

Indian Express - ‎21 hours ago‎

Cyclone 'Laila' weakened considerably on Friday and is likely to move towards Orissa during the next 36 hours. However, rains continued to lash coastal districts with squally winds touching speeds of up to 55 kmph. Power supply to 700 villages has not ...

Cyclone Laila weakens, leaves 16 dead

Times of India - ‎May 20, 2010‎

HYDERABAD: Andhra Pradesh heaved a sigh of relief after cyclone Laila weakened ahead of landfall about 30 km from Bapatla in Guntur district on Thursday afternoon but still left 16 people dead, flooded thousands of homes, snapped power supply in many ...

Will cyclone 'Laila' puncture the Mumbai's monsoon buildup?

Times of India - Pratibha Masand - ‎May 18, 2010‎

MUMBAI: The depression that formed over the Bay of Bengal on Monday turned into a full-blown cyclonic storm by Tuesday. Cyclone 'Laila' has got the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) worried as though it is expected to affect only the eastern coast ...

Cyclone Laila looms large, heads for Andhra coast

Times of India - Bhama Devi Ravi - ‎May 18, 2010‎

CHENNAI: Cyclone Laila, this year's first cyclone in the making, gathered strength on Tuesday, but Chennai is likely to escape the full fury of the storm, as officials of the Indian Meteorological Department have forecast it would cross the coast ...

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	Cyclone Laila heads to Orissa ‎May 20, 2010‎ - Hindustan Times
	Cyclone Laila hits Andhra Pradesh, 40000 evacuated ‎May 20, 2010‎ - Oneindia
	Cyclone builds in south India, oilfield closes ‎May 19, 2010‎ - Hindustan Times
	Reliance shuts oil, gas at MA field due to cyclone 'Laila' ‎May 19, 2010‎ - NDTV.com
	Cyclone Laila set to hit Andhra Pradesh ‎May 19, 2010‎ - IBNLive.com
	Cyclone Laila looms large, heads for Andhra coast ‎May 18, 2010‎ - Times of India

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Piramal gets Rs 12,000 cr to dabble with

22 May 2010, 0202 hrs IST,ET Bureau

ET INTELLIGENCE GROUP

After persistent rumours of a sell-out to various multinational pharma players, Piramal Healthcare has finally chosen to hawk its domestic formulations business to US-based Abbott Laboratories. For Piramal, the deal is indeed an attractive one.

The domestic business which generates annual revenues aggregating Rs 1,800 crore and having one of the largest sales force in the country is the most profitable part of the business.

While divesting it probably may not be the best decision for the company given the size of revenues, selling it at over nine times its revenues means that the company has clinched a good deal. For Piramal Healthcare, this will translate into a large cashpile.

The transaction will lead to fund flows of Rs 17,000 crore into the company. Assuming the company pays Rs 3,750 crore towards long-term capital gains tax and utilises a further Rs 1,300 crore for retiring debt on its books, Piramal Healthcare will be left holding free cash of close to Rs 12,000 crore.

The company plans to use this cash for paying a special dividend to its shareholders while the balance will be used to fund the growth plans of its remaining businesses of contract manufacturing, critical care, over-the-counter (OTC) products, API business, vitamin and fine chemicals, diagnostic services; devices and clinical research services.

The company's management, however, is yet to provide full details about new business areas that it proposes to enter into using the cash pile generated through the sale.

The reaction of the street, which appeared to a knee-jerk one, has been negative. The company's stock has shed the gains recorded over the last four trading sessions — sliding over 12%.

Piramal Healthcare, trading at a market cap of Rs 11,000 crore, could well see a further drop in its stock price in the near term following the divestment of the company's core business. The cash in hand of close to Rs 12,000 crore may help in propping the stock value in the near term until it declares the special dividend. However, as the company unveils the plans for deployment of cash in the existing and new businesses, there could be greater clarity on future earnings of the company.

For investors in Piramal Healthcare, it may make sense to hold on for a while considering that the company is still left with promising businesses such as contract manufacturing and OTC businesses. With the fresh inflow of funds, the company would be in a position to scale up these businesses.

The special dividend, which is likely to be quite generous given the size of the deal, may also be a clincher.

Buy Piramal Healthcare for shareholder returns: Rajesh Jain

21 May 2010, 1801 hrs IST,ET Now

Rajesh Jain, Market Strategist, in an interview to ET NOW backed purchasing Piramal Healthcare.

Lots of companies in the pipeline, as well in this segment, IPOs, real estate, would you touch them with a bargepole or stay away?

I think we have discussed this before and I think we have. The issue here is how close to the NAV is your pricing.

Which is always difficult to guess?

People are giving different estimates, so what is it that you take the proxy for. What you go with is a strong company, a strong management and credibility, and probably a company which has got a mix of projects, not just the affordable housing plank, but also value added segment hotels, SEZs and a little less of froth, and then probably you hope that you have not committed excesses on pricing.

Piramal Healthcare - your call on the stock now because this is not just pharma, if at all it could lead to a diversification and how they would be deploying their funds in other businesses as well what they are open to.

I think all the positives of this strategic move have come out very well in your discussion. But I think what the market is doing right now is very clearly correcting the excesses of expectations. I think today morning it was one of the gainers in a market which was largely down 2%, I think that's a first correction. The second aspect is that probably the market is expecting the complete lock, stock and barrel sell-off to a much bigger global player and I think media expectations or analyst expectations figured in the 700 to 750 kind of bracket. I don't think that has come through, and whenever you have something like that there is a lot of momentum position that gets built up and after digesting the development, certainly the momentum players or speculators are going to be unwinding. I think that's the selling pressure on the counter, but having said that I think give it another day or two and once that froth subsides and you get to a fair level then it becomes a quality buy in the pharma space because what Mr. Piramal has proved again and again is that they are able to rethink the business model of an existing business, add some very tangible value elements to it and then increase shareholder value. So, if you are buying Piramal Healthcare for shareholder returns it is a thumbs up, and also if you are buying it for the core customer, care and ability to focus your business on what the customer needs and what are markets specific requirements, whether it is in India or abroad, I think Piramal Healthcare has done it all the time. He has also set up a cluster of businesses in the same healthcare pharma domain which are addressing both the emerging aspects of pharma without really hitting the core businesses. So I think its an excellent stock to be in and one should just allow the speculative froth to subside and then buy it.

Considering the fact that you believe that the bottom is not too far away, would you deploy money right now? What pockets would you look at deploying?

It would be very premature to say that one can even start thinking of the bottom given the global development, but I suspect that what you have seen today and what you will see over the next four days will have the F&O internals playing the upper hand. Let's go back to the April expiry. As soon as April got over, we saw the markets tank in the beginning of May and I think you will have a similar carry forward into the June series. Today, there was a fresh pullback because a lot of shorts were rushing to take profits and also there was an higher element of F&O positions shifting themselves, I think the 4700 mark on the put call ratio. I think the F&O internals will have a bigger hand to play unless global developments are really beyond being manageable. So over the next four days I would certainly not buy anything. But after that the buying has to wait until you get a confirmation from the IMD that the monsoon has arrived. The ideal time for retail to begin buying would be after the Q1 numbers are out because there are lot of tangibles. Let us accept that. Right now if you look at the market there are two conflicting drivers. The first positive drivers for businesses is that a lot of input costs are going down now. You couple that with a good monsoon and you have a volume upside with the margin expansion and you will have tremendous bottom lines. But on the other hand, should the global situation worsen, sectors like capital goods and a host of other such plays, you will start seeing managements coming out and showing up the froth that was getting projected in the order books.

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Abbott snaps up Piramal unit

OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

Mumbai, May 21: Illinois-based Abbott Laboratories will buy Piramal Healthcare's domestic generics business for $3.72 billion. The big-ticket transaction will make the American company the largest player in India's pharmaceutical sector with a share of 7 per cent.

The transaction involves a one-time payment of $2.12 billion, which will be followed by payments of $400 million annually for four years from 2011 for Piramal's healthcare solutions unit that sells generic drugs in India.

The acquisition is the second largest takeover in the Indian pharmaceutical sector after Japan's Daiichi Sankyo bought a controlling stake in Ranbaxy Laboratories for $5 billion in 2008.

Pharmaceutical companies abroad are keen on the Indian market as they face increasing competition in generic drugs at home. Besides, as big drugs go off patent, pharma companies have to invest heavily in research and development.

In India, the $8-billion pharmaceutical market that is dominated by branded generics is expected to more than double by 2015.

"Emerging markets represent one of the greatest opportunities for healthcare — not only in pharmaceuticals — but also across all our business segments. Today, emerging markets represent more that 20 per cent of Abbott's total business," said Abbott chairman and CEO Miles D. White. Abbott will fund the Piramal deal through internal accruals.

The Abbott buyout of Piramal's generics unit will lead to the transfer of rights and trademarks for 350 branded drugs and a manufacturing unit located in Baddi (Himachal Pradesh). The deal will also involve the transfer of over 5,000 employees who are engaged in Piramal's domestic formulations business.

Addressing reporters in Mumbai on Friday, Piramal group chairman Ajay Piramal said funds from the transaction would flow into Piramal Healthcare.

The company would use some of these funds to retire debt of almost Rs 1,300 crore and would consider issuing a one-time dividend to shareholders. A substantial portion of the funds from the sale will be used to explore new business opportunities for Piramal Healthcare.

Piramal also clarified there would not be an open offer for shareholders as the deal involved a transfer of business and not that of shareholding in the company.

After the transaction — expected to close in the second half of the year — Piramal Healthcare will sell OTC (over-the-counter) consumer products and offer custom manufacturing for third parties, along with critical care and diagnostic and clinical research services.

The stock market gave a thumbs down to the deal as the Piramal Healthcare scrip plummeted nearly 12 per cent to close at Rs 502.35 on the BSE on Friday. However, Abbott India jumped nearly 4 per cent to Rs 1,096.90.

Analysts in several Mumbai-based brokerages were impressed by the valuation of the deal and said Piramal Healthcare had secured an impressive price for its generic drugs unit.

As part of the transaction, Piramal Healthcare has entered into a non-compete agreement for eight years for which the group will get Rs 350 crore as fees.

Piramal Healthcare's branded generics business expects to cross an annual sales figure of $500 million next year. Sales were up 23 per cent for the year ended March 31, 2010.

Marketmen said the Abbott deal had set a benchmark for global pharmaceuticals companies looking for buy-outs in the sub-continent that not only offer potential for significant growth but also access to a low-cost production base.

Abbott has recently expanded its reach in emerging markets with the acquisition of the drug unit of Belgium's Solvay for 4.5 billion euros and a collaboration with Zydus Cadila.

The company has recently created a division to focus on products, markets and commercial opportunities for branded generic pharmaceuticals outside the US.

Sensex loses 3.2% in week on euro woes, FII outflows

22 May 2010, 0630 hrs IST,REUTERS

Gainers & losers

MUMBAI: The BSE benchmark index, the Sensex, dropped 3.2% this week, its third decline in four weeks to close 0.5% lower on Friday, on continued foreign fund outflows, as euro zone jitters reduced risk appetite, sending world stocks lower.

Top engineering conglomerate Larsen & Toubro and metal makers led the decline. The 30-share BSE index Sensex closed 0.45% or 74.07 points lower at 16,445.61. It fell as much as 2% in early trade to 16,187.03 points, its lowest since February 25. Nineteen of its components lost ground. Dealers said that bargain hunting at lower levels by domestic investors and a slight recovery in world markets prevented a big slide in domestic stocks. But the near-term outlook for the market was uncertain, they said.

"The situation is pretty volatile, with geographies from euro zone to China having their own set of worries," said Naresh Kumar Garg, chief executive of Sahara Mutual Fund, referring to the euro zone's sovereign debt woes and China's efforts to cool growth, which have lowered risk appetite.

"The concerns are real and it will take time to have more clarity on the issue. In these uncertain times, there is a likelihood of price-earnings multiples of emerging markets slipping a bit."

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Foreign funds have withdrawn around $1.3 billion from stocks so far in May, sending the main index down 6.3%. The funds are still net investors of $5.3 billion so far in 2010, following record $17.5 billion inflows last year. Larsen & Toubro shed 2.1%, as traders logged gains.

The stock is still up 5% so far this week, after it reported forecast-beating March quarter results on Monday. The 50-share NSE index Nifty closed 0.3% lower at 4,931.15 points.

US stocks dive, Dow off 376 on world economic worries

21 May 2010, 0328 hrs IST,AGENCIES

NEW YORK: Stocks plunged again on Thursday as more investors woke up to the possibility that economic problems such as Europe's debt crisis might spread around the world and stop the growing recovery in the US.

The Dow Jones industrial average fell 376 points, its biggest one-day point drop since February 2009, and all the major indexes were down well over than 3 percent. Meanwhile, interest rates fell sharply in the Treasury market as investors once again sought the safety of US government debt.

With Thursday's drop, the Standard & Poor's 500 index, considered the best indicator of the stock market's performance, is down almost 12 percent from its 2010 high close of 1,217.28, reached April 23. That means the market is officially in what's called a correction, a drop of 10 percent or more from a recent high. This is the first correction since stock indexes hit 12-year lows in March last year. The fact it has occurred in just 19 trading days shows how anxious traders are right now.

Analysts said there was no big event to set off Thursday's selling. More investors seemed to be grasping the possibility that the US recovery could be in jeopardy. And many were wondering whether the stock market's big rebound since March 2009 may not have been entirely justified.

``The economic recovery story has started to look like a mirage and the new reality is a return to credit crunch conditions'' like those seen during the financial crisis, said Tom Samuels, manager of the Palantir Fund in Houston. ``If that's correct, stock prices are well ahead of economic reality.''

Investors are concerned that the debt problems in European nations like Greece and Portugal will spill over to other countries, cause a cascade of massive losses for big banks and in turn halt the economic recovery in countries beyond Europe, including the US They're also worried that China might take steps that will limit its economic growth, which would also affect the US recovery. Analysts said the market is vulnerable to rumors about any of the major economies right now.

Investors appear increasingly convinced that European countries will need to adopt stringent spending cuts to pay down their heavy debt loads, independent market analyst Edward Yardeni said. Such cuts would likely to lead to long economic slump for those countries, a prospect that investors may now be accepting as reality as they sell stocks and the euro, the currency shared by 16 European nations, Yardeni said.

The euro, which has become a key indicator of confidence in Europe's economy, managed to rise to $1.2496 in late afternoon trading, a day after hitting $1.2146, a four-year low. But its advance didn't help stocks.

``The drop in the euro is the initial phase of a long-term, multi-year economic decline in Europe,'' Yardeni said. ``It shows a declining confidence in the workability of the EU (European Union) monetary union, and that's why their stock markets are down.''

``It's starting to look like one of these tragic stories were one person falls through the ice, then everyone else rushes in to help and ends up drowning,'' he added.

Words, and words alone

22 May 2010, 0429 hrs IST,C P Bhambhri,

Topics:

A self-assured Congress party launched its second journey in 2009, securing 207 seats, compared to 147 in 2004 in the Lok Sabha, with reduced dependence on allies.

Moreover, if from a position of weakness, the Congress-led UPA government from 2004 to 2009 could launch a mega pro-poor programme, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, the relatively-stronger Congress in 2009 could give a big push to social inclusion.

The Congress claimed, in its Lok Sabha elections manifesto of 2009, that only it had an agenda of inclusive growth for the whole of India, specifically targeting the socially-excluded groups bypassed by the trickle-down theory.

Hence, Congress came out with a revolutionary programme of reservation of 33% seats for women in the Lok Sabha and the state assemblies. Sonia Gandhi employed her political energy and the Women's Reservation Bill was approved in the Rajya Sabha in 2010. The Congress party was confident that with the support of the BJP and the Communists, it will be able to get a seal of approval in the Lok Sabha. However, the Bill could not be introduced.

The real pro-poor programme of food security for below-poverty-line rural and urban population has not reached Parliament and it is bogged down in usual bureaucratic discussions on the actual number of people who are below the poverty line.

The most important programme of social inclusion in a country inhabited by a large majority of rural and urban poor is to guarantee provision of food to the vulnerable and deprived population . It deserves to be mentioned that democratic governments, even in developed countries, have recognised that the right to food, right to work and right to health are to be guaranteed and ensured by public authorities.

Why has the Congress-led UPA government spent the whole year of 2009 to 2010 to legislate on National Food Security Law? It does not bring credit to anyone, least to the Prime Minister's Office, if Sonia Gandhi has to castigate the government for its failure to bring before Parliament a Bill for a guaranteed right to food promised by the Congress manifesto of 2009.

Finally, after wasting the whole year of 2009 to 2010, the government has opted for Tendulkar committee's figure of 41% rural population as below poverty line. It is ironic that in a country where huge percentage of food grain is wasted — and not distributed among the starving and semi-starving population because the government has inadequate arrangements for its storage year after year.

It has been alleged that the Manmohan Singh government has spent more political energy in dealing with the controversial Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010, than on seeing through the passage of Food Security Bill in Parliament.

It is only on May 7, 2010, that the government has pushed through the Lok Sabha its Bill on Nuclear Damage. The UPA government has completely wasted its first year in office by not even finalising the most important social agenda of food security.

The story of the stalled project of social inclusion does not begin or end here. The 21st-century India is witnessing large-scale displacement of rural population from land that is required for mega industrial projects like the setting up of steel plants in Orissa and other states where iron ore is available.

The government, especially state governments , are 'acquiring land' for big business for special economic zones and millions of rural poor are getting displaced from their land with a promise of resettlement of those who are evicted.

Industrialisation and extraction of rich mineral wealth from the country's dense forest belt, which is inhabited by large forest-dependent tribal population , makes victims of the inhabitants. The UPA government and state governments have 'evicted people from land' in spite of Forest Dwellers' Act and other legal provisions that guarantee legal rights to socially-excluded groups for a legitimate share in the fruits of economic growth of the first decade of the 21st century.

Social inclusion project is an ideological and political commitment. The Congress has not moved an inch forward because as a party, it is not really committed to the implementation of programmes targeted for the 'excluded' tribals and others living below the poverty line.

The Congress is living in a fool's paradise if it thinks that by exercising governmental powers, it can achieve its social goals because merely putting laws on the statute book, no party can achieve its comprehensive social agenda for inclusion of millions of excluded poor who have already missed the bus.

Politics is the main, even primary, force that mobilises deprived social groups to demand from the government implementation of its promises made through laws approved by Parliament . The Congress as a party has not mobilised those who have been 'evicted' from land and have not been 'resettled' because in the absence of political backing, a powerful nexus of bureaucrats , contractors and big business acts as a road block to include the excluded law alone cannot guarantee that citizens can realise their rights.

The Congress party has not shown capacity to provide 'political muscle power' behind its government's programme of social inclusion and is satisfied with putting laws on the statute book, especially those concerning the excluded.

Law is only an instrument of the government, its impact cannot be felt by the poor if flesh and blood is not provided by political and ideological commitment of the political class.

Words, and words alone

Social inclusion cannot come by nice-sounding laws;political commitment and the will to implement is needed.

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Global economy can handle Europe strains: Geithner

22 May 2010, 2107 hrs IST,REUTERS

Topics:

Gainers & losers
Live Stock tips
MF NFO

SHANGHAI: US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said a strengthened global economy is now in better shape to handle the strains emanating from Europe's crisis, China's Xinhua news agency reported on Saturday.

"You see some of the challenges in Europe now. But I think we are in a much stronger position to manage those challenges," he told Xinhua in an interview in Washington before heading to Beijing for high-level economic discussions.

Geithner also said the dollar was on the rise because confidence was growing about the strength of the US recovery.

The US Treasury chief was due to arrive in Beijing on Sunday for meetings of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, co-chairing the US side with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

The economic component of the Monday and Tuesday talks are expected to explore ways to better balance the two countries' $400-billion trade ties, steering clear of an open clash about the yuan's peg to the dollar.

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The United States still has the world's largest economy and China has the fastest-growing one, so Geithner said cooperation between the two was vital for healthy global growth.

"China and the United States are doing what we need to do to help contribute to a broader global economic recovery," he said.

The US administration is going to tackle the deficit situation very seriously, Geithner told Xinhua. As he tries to reinvigorate the US economy, President Barack Obama has set a goal of doubling exports in five years, which can be met only with a big increase in sales to China.

Geithner said both the US and Chinese economies have undergone a major transformation in recent years and struck a theme that he is expected to pursue by praising rising levels of domestic consumption in China.

The Obama administration has been urging China to rely less on exports, and more on increased consumer spending at home, to fuel its economic growth. Geithner also noted that the US economy's expansion now was being led by investment and exports, rather than consumer spending, and that savings were rising.

EUROPE CONCERN

Europe's debt crisis has become an issue of concern, partly for fear that it might spread to other regions but also because it means a diminished market for exports from countries like China.

That has led to speculation that Beijing will be less likely to let its yuan currency rise in value, as the Obama administration was urging, since the euro's decline has made Chinese products more expensive in its top export market.

A $1 trillion safety net, provided by EU nations and the International Monetary Fund to stabilise the euro zone -- following a rescue of debt-ridden Greece -- has not stopped the bloc's currency tumbling.

Several euro zone governments have followed Athens in announcing or planning austerity measures to shore up their credit ratings and avoid having to seek a Greek-style bailout.

But doubts remain about their ability to push through savage spending cuts in the teeth of public opposition.

Geithner added last-minute stops in Britain and Germany to his itinerary when the S&ED talks wrap up on Tuesday to discuss conditions with his counterparts in London and Berlin and with European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet in Frankfurt.

List of pharmaceutical companies

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The following is a list of the twelve largest pharmaceutical companies ranked here by revenue as of March 2010^[update] according to their released 2009 annual reports.

Rank	Company	Country	Total Revenues (USD millions)	Total Revenues (reported currency in millions)	Change 09/08 (%)	Net income/ (loss) (reported currency in millions)	Change 09/08 (%)	R&D Expenses (reported currency in millions)	Change 09/08 (%)	Fortune 500 Ranking^[1]
1	Johnson & Johnson^[2]	United States	61,897	$61,897	-2.9	12,266	-5.3	6,986	-7.8	103
2	Pfizer^[3]	United States	50,009	$50,009	3.5	8,635	6.6	7,845	-1.3	152
3	Roche^[4]	Switzerland	45,304	SFr49,051	7.5	SFr8,510	-21.5	SFr9,874	11.6	171
4	GlaxoSmithKline^[5]	United Kingdom	44,421	£28,368	16.5	£5,669	20.3	£4,106	11.5	168
5	Novartis^[6]	Switzerland	44,267	$44,267	6.8	$8,454	3.6	$7,469	3.5	183
6	Sanofi-Aventis^[7]	France	40,870	€29,306	6.3	€8,471	17.9	€4,583	0.2	181
7	AstraZeneca^[8]	United Kingdom	32,804	$32,804	3.8	$7,544	23.1	$4,409	-14.9	268
8	Abbott Laboratories^[9]	United States	30,765	$30,765	4.2	5,746	21.4	2,744	2.1	294
9	Merck & Co.^[10]	United States	27,428	$27,428	15.0	$13,024	64.2	$5,800	20.8	378
10	Bayer HealthCare^[11]	Germany	22,297	€15,988	3.8	€1,696	38.8	€1,845	5.9	154
11	Eli Lilly^[12]	United States	21,836	$21,836	7.2	$4,328	N/A	N/A	N/A	455
12	Bristol-Myers Squibb^[13]	United States	18,808	$18,808	6.2	$4,420	19.9	3,647	3.8	435

Some data have not been audited yet. Bayer has additional revenue not included here. The missing parts of the table will be added as more data are released by the companies. The comparable revenues in US Dollars were calculated using the average exchange rates in 2009.^[14]

The following is a list of the twelve largest pharmaceutical companies ranked by revenue as of July 2009^[update] in the Fortune Global 500.^[1]

Rank^[1]	Company	Country	Total Revenues (USD millions)	Net income/ (loss) (USD millions)	Employees
1	Johnson & Johnson	United States	63,747.0^[15]	12,949.0	118,700
2	Pfizer	United States	48,296.0^[16]	8,104.0	81,800
3	GlaxoSmithKline	United Kingdom	44,654.0^[17]	8,438.6	99,003
4	Roche	Switzerland	44,267.5^[18]	8,288.1	80,080
5	Sanofi-Aventis	France	42,179.0^[19]	5,636.7	98,213
6	Novartis	Switzerland	41,459.0^[20]	8,195.0	96,717
7	AstraZeneca	United Kingdom	31,601.0^[21]	6,101.0	65,000
8	Abbott Laboratories	United States	29,527.6^[22]	4,880.7	68,838
9	Merck	United States	23,850.3^[23]	7,808.4	55,200
10	Wyeth	United States	22,833.9^[24]	4,417.8	47,426
11	Bristol-Myers Squibb	United States	21,366.0^[25]	5,247.0	35,000
12	Eli Lilly	United States	20,378.0^[26]	(2,071.9)	40,500

The following is a list of the 49 largest companies involved in pharmaceutical and biotech industry ranked by healthcare revenue as of 2008^[update].^[27] Some companies (eg, Johnson and Johnson and Bayer) have additional revenue included here.^[28]^[29]

Rank^[27]	Company	Country	Total Revenues (USD millions)	Healthcare R&D 2008 (USD millions)	Net income/ (loss) 2008 (USD millions)	Employees 2008
1	Pfizer^[30] (with Wyeth^[31])	U.S.	70,696	11,318	14,111	137,127
2	Johnson & Johnson	U.S.	63,747	NA	10,576	119,200
3	Hoffmann–La Roche	Switzerland	43,970	NA	8,135	78,604
4	Novartis	Switzerland	41,460	NA	11,946	98,200
5	GlaxoSmithKline	United Kingdom	40,424	6,373	10,432	103,483
6	Sanofi-Aventis	France	40,328	NA	7,204	99,495
7	AstraZeneca	UK/Sweden	31,601	NA	5,959	67,400
8	Abbott Laboratories^[32]	U.S.	29,527	2,688	4,880	68,697
9	Merck & Co.	U.S.	23,850	4,678	7,808	74,372
10	Bristol-Myers Squibb	U.S.	19,977	NA	2,165	42,000
11	Eli Lilly and Company	U.S.	18,634	NA	2,953	40,600
12	Boehringer Ingelheim	Germany	16,959	1,977	2,163	43,000
13	Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.	Japan	15,697	1,620	2,870	15,000
14	Bayer ^[33]	Germany	15,407	3,770	6,448	108,600
15	Amgen	U.S.	14,771	3,366	3,166	48,000
16	Genentech	U.S.	13,400	15773	3,640	33,500
17	Baxter International	U.S.	12,300	614	1,397	38,428
18	Teva Pharmaceutical Industries	Israel	11,080	495	546	26,670
19	Astellas Pharma	Japan	10,701	1,435	1,122	23,613
20	Daiichi Sankyo	Japan	9,682	1,459	671	20,100
21	Novo Nordisk	Denmark	9,081	1,063	1,922	26,575
22	Procter & Gamble	U.S.	8,964	NA	10,340	29,258
23	Eisai	Japan	5,583	926	604	14,993
24	Merck KGaA	Germany	5,175	772	1,258	13,900
25	Alcon	U.S.	4,897	512	1,348	13,500
26	SINOPHARM	China	4,700	498	1249	9700
27	Akzo Nobel	Netherlands	4,694	741	1,449	13,000
28	UCB	Belgium	4,426	1,024	492	12,741
29	Nycomed	Switzerland	4,264	NA	-105	10,533
30	Forest Laboratories	U.S.	3,442	941	454	9,649
31	Solvay	Belgium	3,268	533	1,026	9,000
32	Genzyme	U.S.	3,187	650	-17	8,477
32	Allergan	U.S.	3,063	1,056	-127	8,423
33	Gilead Sciences	U.S.	3,026	384	-1,190	6,772
34	CSL	Australia	2,788	161	454	6,400
35	Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.	Japan	2,787	467	328	5,962
36	Biogen Idec	U.S.	2,683	718	218	5,907
37	Bausch & Lomb	U.S.	2,292	197	15	5,830
38	Taiho Pharmaceutical Co.	Japan	2,069	244	132	5,756
39	King Pharmaceuticals	U.S.	1,989	254	289	5,191
40	Watson Pharmaceuticals	U.S.	1,979	131	-445	5,126
41	Mitsubishi Pharma	Japan	1,945	403	208	5,111
42	Shire	UK	1,797	387	278	4,958
43	Cephalon	U.S.	1,764	403	145	4,913
44	Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma	Japan	1,763	350	193	3,750
45	Kyowa Hakko	Japan	1,698	268	108	2,895
46	Shionogi	Japan	1,640	320	159	2,868
47	Mylan Laboratories	U.S.	1,612	104	217	2,800
48	H. Lundbeck	Denmark	1,552	329	186	2,515

[hide]

[edit] Alphabetical listing

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completion. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced additions.

It is limited to those companies notable enough to have articles in Wikipedia.

[edit] 1-A

3M Pharmaceuticals is part of 3M, a diversified global technology company based in the U.S. that produces pharmaceuticals as part of its health care business
Abbott Laboratories, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}
Actavis, a generic pharmaceutic company
Alcon, a Swiss pharmaceutical company specialising in ophthalmology
Alkaloid, based in Skopje, the Republic of Macedonia
Alkermes, a pharmaceutical company in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
Allergan, headquartered in Irvine, California, U.S., is a global specialty company, producing ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, dermatology products, and neurological products, with the most notable of the latter being BOTOX^{[citation needed]}
Almirall, a Spanish multinational
Alphapharm, an Australian generic pharmaceutical manufacturer and a wholly owned subsidiary of Merck KGaA
Altana Pharma AG, formerly part of Altana AG. Since January 1, 2007, Altana Pharma is part of the Nycomed Group
Amico Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company based in Bangladesh
Amgen, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}
Anavex Life Sciences, a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of new drugs
Apotex, a generic pharmaceutical company based in Toronto, Canada
Astellas Pharma, a Japanese company formed in 2005 through the merger of Fujisawa Pharmaceutical and Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical
AstraZeneca, a top-20 pharmaceutical company^{[citation needed]} based in the UK formed in 1999 through the merger of Astra AB and Zeneca Group PLC
Axcan Pharma, a specialty pharmaceutical company based in Quebec, Canada
Avax Technologies, a pharmaceutical company based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

[edit] B-D

Barr, a specialty pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.
Bargn Farmaceutici Phils Co, (Bar-jen) a flagship company of BargnGroup, pharmaceutical company based in the Philippines.
Bayer, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in [[Germany]^{[citation needed]}; the company was renamed Bayer Schering Pharma AG after the merger in December 2006^[34] with Schering AG, with headquarters moved from Leverkusen to Berlin.
Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, a pharmaceutical company based in Bangladesh
Bial, a Portuguese pharmaceutical company
Biogen Idec, a U.S.-based company formed in 2003 through the merger of Biogen and Idec Pharmaceuticals
Biolex, a U.S.-based company
Biotecnol, a Portuguese company
Biovail, the largest Canadian pharmaceutical company^{[citation needed]}
Biovitrum, a Swedish company
Boehringer-Ingelheim, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in Germany^{[citation needed]}
Bristol-Myers Squibb, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}
Celgene, a multinational biopharmaceutical company
Cephalon, A U.S based biopharmaceutical company that specialises in drugs for neural disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Cipla, an Indian company best known as a manufacturer of anti-AIDS drugs^{[citation needed]}
Crucell, a Dutch biotechnology company specialising in vaccines
Daiichi Sankyo, a Japanese holding company established in 2005 for the management integration of Sankyo and Daiichi Pharmaceuticals
Debiopharm, a Swiss pharmaceutical company
Diabetology Ltd
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, an Indian Global Pharmaceutical Company

[edit] E-L

Ego Pharmaceuticals, Australian based pharmaceutical company specializing in skincare products.
Élan Corporation, a pharmaceutical company based in Ireland.
Eli Lilly and Company, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}
Elorac, Inc., based in the US, is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on advancing treatments in dermatology.
Emergent BioSolutions, headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, develops and produces bioterrorism-related preventive and therapeutic products,^{[citation needed]} such as for anthrax and botulism, and vaccines for typhoid, hepatitis B, and group B streptococcus
Eskayef Bangladesh Limited, accredited by UK MHRA, a top-5 pharmaceutical company, pioneer pellet manufacturer & pharmaceutical product exporter of Bangladesh^{[citation needed]}
Ferozsons Laboratories, a Pakistani based company which is exclusively focused on Gastroenterology.
Ferring Pharmaceuticals, a Switzerland based biopharmaceutical company which is focused on infertility, obstetrics, urology, gastroenterology, endocrinology and osteoarthritis.
Fresenius Medical Care, a German based company with a branch in North America which is exclusively focused on Nephrology. Annual revenue of 10,4 billion in 2007.^{[citation needed]}
Galderma Laboratories, a company with headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland which is exclusively focused on Dermatology
Genentech, a U.S.-based biopharmaceutical company taken over by Roche
Genzyme, a U.S.-based company
Getz Pharma, the largest pharmaceutical company in Pakistan^{[citation needed]}
Gilead Sciences, a US biopharmaceutical company
GlaxoSmithKline, also known as GSK, Britain's largest pharmaceutical company^{[citation needed]}
GPC Biotech, a German biopharmaceutical company
Hetero Drugs, A vertically integrated indian generic pharmaceutical company.
Hexal Australia, an Australian generic pharmaceutical manufacturer, part of the Hexal International Group
Hikma Pharmaceuticals, a multinational pharmaceutical company based in London, that manufactures branded and non-branded generic and in-licensed pharmaceutical products.
Hoffmann–La Roche research-focused healthcare with combined strengths in pharmaceuticals and diagnostics
Hospira, a global pharmaceutical and drug delivery company based in the U.S.
Intas Biopharmaceuticals, a global manufacturer of mainly generic pharmaceuticals, based in India.
IMULAN BioTherapeutics, LLC, comparative medicine in immunobiology and infectious diseases
Institute for OneWorld Health, a nonprofit U.S.-based pharmaceutical company focused on developing infectious disease drugs for developing countries^{[citation needed]}
Intercytex, a British healthcare company using its proprietary cell therapy technology to develop regenerative medicine products to restore skin and hair^{[citation needed]}

Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson
Jenapharm, a subsidiary of Bayer Schering Pharma
JN-International Medical Corporation, a U.S.-based company focused on developing vaccines and diagnostics for infectious disease for developing countries
Johnson & Johnson, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in the U.S.^{[citation needed]}

Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries (Julphar), It is the largest pharmaceutical and drug manufacturing company in the Middle East Region

King Pharmaceuticals, a U.S.-based company
Krka, d. d., a Slovenian generic pharmaceutical and cosmetics manufacturer

Lundbeck, a Danish company

[edit] M

Melior Discovery, a US pharmaceutical company that specializes in drug repositioning
Menarini
Merck & Co., a top-10 pharmaceutical company, based in the US^{[citation needed]}
Merck KGaA, a top-30 pharmaceutical company, based in Germany^{[citation needed]}

[edit] N

Nectar Lifesciences an integrated pharmaceutical company in India that manufactures generic products
Novartis
Novo Nordisk, with the highest global market share of insulin and insulin delivery devices.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] O

Orion Pharma, based in Finland
Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., based in Japan

[edit] P

Panacea Biotec Ltd, Pharmaceutical & Vaccine research based company in India
Perrigo, company listed on the NASDAQ and on the TASE, one of the largest OTC manufacturer.
Pfizer, world largest pharmaceuticals company^{[citation needed]}
Pharmacosmos, a pharmaceutical company based in Denmark
Pharma Nord, private company, Denmark
Pierre Fabre Group
Pliva
Procter & Gamble
Purdue Pharma, private company, maker of Oxcycontin

[edit] R

Ranbaxy Laboratories, Generic arm of Daichi Sankyo
Renovo is a biopharmaceutical company based in Manchester, UK
Respa Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a US based solid dosage manufacturer/distributor

[edit] S

Schering-Plough
Sanofi-Aventis, a global top-20 pharmaceutical company based in France^{[citation needed]}
Sepracor, a growing pharmaceutical company^{[citation needed]} whose products include Lunesta and Xopenex
Servier Laboratories
Shire Pharmaceuticals Group, a British company
Sigma Pharmaceuticals, an Australian company
Solvay Group
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh, is a major pharmaceutical company based in Bangladesh. It is part of the Square Group of Companies.
Sun Pharmaceutical, headquartered in Mumbai, India, makes pharmaceuticals and speciality Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) for international markets and for India

[edit] T

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, a top-20 pharmaceutical company based in Japan^{[citation needed]}
TAP Pharmaceutical Products, a joint-venture of Abbott and Takeda, created without discovery or manufacturing capabilities
Temmler, pharmaceutical contract manufacturer with production sites in Germany, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland an independent manufacturer of branded generics
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, a global (top-20) manufacturer of mainly generic pharmaceuticals, based in Israel.^{[citation needed]}
Torrent Pharmaceuticals, a global manufacturer of mainly generic pharmaceuticals, based in India.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] U-Z

UCB, a Belgian biopharmaceutical company
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, formerly ICN Pharmaceuticals, a U.S.-based company
Vertex Pharmaceuticals, a U.S.-based company
Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a U.S.-based company
ViroPharma, a U.S.-based company
Zentiva, a Czech company

[edit] See also

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations
European Confederation of Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA)
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
List of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the UK
List of biotechnology companies
EuropaBio, the European Association for Bioindustries

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Fortune Global 500 2009 Pharmeceutical Industry". Fortune 160 (2). July 2009. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/industries/21/index.html. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
^ Johnson & Johnson Reports 2009 Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year Results. 2010. http://www.jnj.com/connect/news/financial/20100125_130000. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ 2009 Pfizer Financial Report. 20010. http://www.pfizer.com/investors/financial_reports/financial_reports.jsp. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ 09 Roche in Brief. 2010. http://www.roche.com/rib_2009.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Annual Reports. 2010. http://www.gsk.com/investors/annual-reports.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Annual Report 2009. 2010. http://ir2.flife.de/data/novartis2009/igb_html/index.php?bericht_id=1000002&index=1&lang=ENG. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Annual Results 2009. 2010. http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/investors/events/corporate/2010/2010-02-10_results_2009.asp. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. 2010. http://www.astrazeneca.com/_mshost3690701/content/resources/media/investors/8270994/figures-fy09.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Annual Report 2009. 2010. http://www.abbott.com/annual-reports/2009/index.html. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
^ Merck Announces Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2009 Financial Results. 2009-07-20. http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/financial/2010_0216.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ Annual Report 009. 2010. http://www.annualreport2009.bayer.com/en/homepage.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Lilly Reports Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2009 Results. 2010. http://newsroom.lilly.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=441003. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ 2009 Annual Report. 2010. http://thomson.mobular.net/thomson/7/3058/4163/document_0/BMS_AR09.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
^ Historical Exchange Rates. 2010. http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates?date_fmt=us&date=12/31/09&date1=01/01/09&exch=CHF&expr=USD&format=HTML&margin_fixed=0. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ "Johnson & Johnson - JNJ". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/235.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Pfizer - PFE". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/324.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "GlaxoSmithKline - GSK". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/6782.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Roche Group - RHHVF". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/6798.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Sanofi-Aventis - SNY". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/11156.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Novartis - NVS". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/6799.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "AstraZeneca - AZN". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/10022.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Abbott Laboratories - ABT". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/4.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Merck - MRK". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/280.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Wyeth - WYE". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/22.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Bristol-Myers Squibb - BMY". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/64.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ "Eli Lilly - LLY". Fortune. 2009-07-20. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/snapshots/259.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
^ ^a ^b "Global 500". 2008. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/index.html. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ Company Structure. 2009. http://www.jnj.com/connect/about-jnj/company-structure/?flash=true. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
^ Profile and Organization. 2010-01-01. http://www.bayer.com/en/Profile-and-Organization.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
^ "Pfizer Annual Report" (PDF). 2008. http://media.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2008/annual/review2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "Wyeth Annual Report" (PDF). 2008. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9ODM4NnxDaGlsZElEPS0xfFR5cGU9Mw==&t=1. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "Abbott Annual Report" (PDF). 2008. http://www.abbott.com/static/content/microsite/annual_report/2008/support_files/ABT_AR_08_onlinefull.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "Kennzahlen Bayer Konzern". 2008. http://www.geschaeftsbericht2008.bayer.de/de/Kennzahlen.aspx. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ http://www.bayerscheringpharma.de/scripts/pages/en/company/history/index.php; retrieved May 3, 2010.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharmaceutical_companies"

Categories: Pharmaceutical companies | Lists of companies by industry

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE

- Few see that India's future depends on its ecological sustainability

POLITICS AND PLAY: Ramachandra Guha

Thirty years ago, a department of environment was set up in the Central government; 25 years ago, this was upgraded into a full-fledged ministry of environment and forests. As we mark these anniversaries, it must be said that the ministers in charge of this ministry have generally been incompetent, or malign, or both. Some might make an exception for Maneka Gandhi, who was minister of state for the environment between 1989 and 1991. However, she was an animal rights activist with no real understanding of the development-environment interface. As minister, she showed little interest in the issues of sustainable water management raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan; nor did she provide support to sensitive bureaucrats in her own ministry who were seeking to promote decentralized models of forest management. She did, however, concentrate most fiercely on depriving bear-handlers of their traditional means of livelihood.

Intellectually speaking, the present incumbent, Jairam Ramesh, is a considerable improvement on Maneka Gandhi, and on all others who have held the post since 1980. Trained in technology, and then in economics and public policy, Ramesh has a sophisticated appreciation of the environmental challenges facing the country. Like perhaps no else in the cabinet, he understands that present models of economic growth, based as they are on scarce fossil fuels and on the chemical contamination of our life-support systems, are simply unsustainable. As an economist, he knows that we have to lift the masses of our people out of poverty; as an environmentalist, he knows that at the same time we have to moderate the demands on the earth of the richer and more wasteful sections of our population.

As the last two decades of economic development have demonstrated, the business community in particular and the middle class in general are quite unmindful of the ecological footprint of their lifestyles. Consider the pattern of urbanization in India. Cities extract water, energy and other resources from the hinterland, and give only pollution in exchange. Meanwhile, the urban poor have scant access to safe housing, or to clean water and sanitation. Although these processes impact hundreds of millions of Indians, urban environmental planning — in both its internal and external dimensions — is a subject seriously neglected in the media and in political circles alike.

In the year that he has been minister of state for the environment holding independent charge, Ramesh has undertaken some important initiatives. He commissioned the country's leading ecologist, Madhav Gadgil, to assess the research record of the Botanical and Zoological Surveys of India. He appointed, to high positions in the forest department, the best qualified officers, disregarding political lobbying on behalf of lesser candidates. He has drawn attention to the destruction of forests caused by unregulated mining. Unlike some of his predecessors, he has not allowed infrastructure projects to wantonly devastate our national parks.

Ramesh's work and record have, however, been undermined by a certain flamboyance and lack of discretion. His recent broadside against convocation robes on behalf of a romantic indigenism was plain silly; and his criticisms of the home ministry when on tour in China were damaging to the credibility of both his party and his government. Such lapses are in keeping with past trends. As an officer on special duty in the prime minister's office in the early 1990s, Ramesh lost his job because he spoke too readily to journalists. A decade later, having just joined the Congress, he was almost thrown out of the party for joking to newsmen about its president's alleged incapacities.

It is tempting to see Ramesh as another Shashi Tharoor, as an intelligent and well-read man undone by his own self-regard and lack of judgment. Many people already have. One columnist writes of Ramesh and Tharoor that "these guys are obsessed. Jairam's carefully blow-dried, gently hair-sprayed coiffeur competes with Shashi's side-swept locks and immaculately dyed sideburns. They also share a swagger that goes with their very apparent vanity".

At any level other than the superficial, however, this comparison does not wash. Through the 1980s and 1990s, while Tharoor was living overseas, Ramesh worked in public service in India —with, among others, the Planning Commission and the Technology Missions. On the job, and by travelling around the country, he deepened his understanding of the links, positive and negative, between technology and social change. In educating himself about India, he had the benefit of outstanding mentors such as Sam Pitroda and the late Lovraj Kumar.

When the United Progressive Alliance government was sworn in last summer, these two hair-obsessed men were given very different assignments. Foreign policy was (and is) kept in the hands of the prime minister, the foreign minister, and the national security adviser. As minister of state for external affairs, Tharoor's responsibilities were limited. On the other hand, Ramesh was put solely in charge of a very important ministry.

Although the media focus a great deal on climate change nowadays, we should in fact be even more concerned about the sustainable management of nature and natural resources within the country. For India today is an environmental basket case, and in at least five respects: (1) the rapid depletion of groundwater aquifers; (2) the impending or actual death of our major rivers through household sewage and industrial effluents; (3) the excessively high rates of air pollution in our cities; (4) the unregulated disposal of chemical and toxic waste; and (5) the continuing degradation of our forests and the associated loss of biodiversity. These problems have local, regional, and national impacts. Collectively considered, they raise a huge question pattern against the sustainability of present patterns of agrarian and industrial development.

We must therefore become more proactive on the environment in our own national interest, and regardless of our global obligations. It is not enough to stop destructive practices (such as mining in tropical forests); rather, the ministry of environment must nudge other ministries and society at large towards more sustainable forms of resource use. The ministry must take the lead in framing suitable policies in different resource sectors. At the same time, individuals and communities also must take greater responsibility for the consequences of their actions.

The environmental crisis in India is many-sided and multi-faceted. It has to be addressed on different fronts and by a variety of different actors. We need to harness scientific and social-scientific expertise to develop and promote eco-friendly technologies in energy, water management, housing, and transportation (among other fields). Scientific innovation needs to be complemented by legislative change as well as by changes in social behaviour. For this, we need new ideas, new innovations, new institutions and, perhaps above all, a more imaginative and less short-sighted political leadership.

The future of India, as an economy and as a society, as a nation and as a civilization, depends to a far greater extent on the state of our natural environment than on the state of the Sensex. It is to the credit of Ramesh that he is one of the very few politicians who realizes this. His recent indiscretions should therefore be forgiven — by his party and by the public at large. He should be asked to speak less to the press, and speak more to the very many environmental activists and scholars whose advice and expertise can help his ministry become what it has so rarely been in the three decades of its existence — a genuine force for good.

ramachandraguha@yahoo.in

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100522/jsp/opinion/story_12457840.jsp

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AIIMS' students educating slum dwellers in Delhi about water-borne diseases.

Healthcare in India is the responsibility of constituent states and territories of India. The Constitution charges every state with "raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties". The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002.^[1]

The art of Health Care in India can be traced back nearly 3500 years. From the early days of Indian history the Ayurvedic tradition of medicine has been practiced. During the rule of Emperor Ashoka Maurya (third century B.C.E.), schools of learning in the healing arts were created. Many valuable herbs and medicinal combinations were created. Even today many of these continue to be used. During his rein there is evidence that Emperor Ashoka was the first leader in world history to attempt to give health care to all of his citizens, thus it was the India of antiquity which was the first state to give it's citizens national health care.

In recent times India has eradicated mass famines however the country still suffers from high levels of malnutrition and disease especially in rural areas. Water supply and sanitation in India is also a major issue in the country and many Indians in rural areas lack access to proper sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. However, at the same time, India's health care system also includes entities that meet or exceed international quality standards. The medical tourism business in India has been growing in recent years and as such India is a popular destination for medical tourists who receive effective medical treatment at lower costs than in developed countries.

[hide]

[edit] Healthcare Infrastructure

The Indian healthcare industry is seen to be growing at a rapid pace and is expected to become a US$280 billion industry by 2020 ^[2]. The Indian healthcare market was estimated at US$35 billion in 2007 and is expected to reach over US$70 billion by 2012 and US$145 billion by 2017 ^[3]. According to the Investment Commission of India the healthcare sector has experienced phenomenal growth of 12 percent per annum in the last 4 years ^[4]. Rising income levels and a growing elderly population are all factors that are driving this growth. In addition, changing demographics, disease profiles and the shift from chronic to lifestyle diseases in the country has led to increased spending on healthcare delivery ^[5].

Even so, the vast majority of the country suffers from a poor standard of healthcare infrastructure which has not kept up with the growing economy. Despite having centers of excellence in healthcare delivery, these facilities are limited and are inadequate in meeting the current healthcare demands. Nearly one million Indians die every year due to inadequate healthcare facilities and 700 million people have no access to specialist care and 80% of specialists live in urban areas. ^[6]

In order to meet manpower shortages and reach world standards India would require investments of up to $20 billion over the next 5 years ^[7]. Forty percent of the primary health centers in India are understaffed. According to WHO statistics there are over 250 medical colleges in the modern system of medicine and over 400 in the Indian system of medicine and homeopathy (ISM&H). India produces over 250,000 doctors annually in the modern system of medicine and a similar number of ISM&H practitioners, nurses and para professionals ^[8]. Better policy regulations and the establishment of public private partnerships are possible solutions to the problem of manpower shortage.

India faces a huge need gap in terms of availability of number of hospital beds per 1000 population. With a world average of 3.96 hospital beds per 1000 population India stands just a little over 0.7 hospital beds per 1000 population.^[9]. Moreover, India faces a shortage of doctors, nurses and paramedics that are needed to propel the growing healthcare industry. India is now looking at establishing academic medical centers (AMCs) for the delivery of higher quality care with leading examples of The Manipal Group & All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) already in place.

As incomes rise and the number of available financing options in terms of health insurance policies increase, consumers become more and more engaged in making informed decisions about their health and are well aware of the costs associated with those decisions. In order to remain competitive, healthcare providers are now not only looking at improving operational efficiency but are also looking at ways of enhancing patient experience overall.^[10]

[edit] Central government role

Critics say that the national policy lacks specific measures to achieve broad stated goals. Particular problems include the failure to integrate health services with wider economic and social development, the lack of nutritional support and sanitation, and the poor participatory involvement at the local level.

Central government efforts at influencing public health have focused on the five-year plans, on coordinated planning with the states, and on sponsoring major health programs. Government expenditures are jointly shared by the central and state governments. Goals and strategies are set through central-state government consultations of the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. Central government efforts are administered by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which provides both administrative and technical services and manages medical education. States provide public services and health education.

The 1983 National Health Policy is committed to providing health services to all by 2000. In 1983 health care expenditures varied greatly among the states and union territories, from Rs 13 per capita in Bihar to Rs 60 per capita in Himachal Pradesh, and Indian per capita expenditure was low when compared with other Asian countries outside of South Asia. Although government health care spending progressively grew throughout the 1980s, such spending as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP) remained fairly constant. In the meantime, health care spending as a share of total government spending decreased. During the same period, private-sector spending on health care was about 1.5 times as much as government spending.

[edit] Expenditure

In the mid-1990s, health spending amounted to 6% of GDP, one of the highest levels among developing nations. The established per capita spending is around Rs 320 per year with the major input from private households (75%). State governments contribute 15.2%, the central government 5.2%, third-party insurance and employers 3.3%, and municipal government and foreign donors about 1.3, according to a 1995 World Bank study. Of these proportions, 58.7% goes toward primary health care (curative, preventive, and promotive) and 38.8% is spent on secondary and tertiary inpatient care. The rest goes for nonservice costs.

The fifth and sixth five-year plans (FY 1974-78 and FY 1980-84, respectively) included programs to assist delivery of preventive medicine and improve the health status of the rural population. Supplemental nutrition programs and increasing the supply of safe drinking water were high priorities. The sixth plan aimed at training more community health workers and increasing efforts to control communicable diseases. There were also efforts to improve regional imbalances in the distribution of health care resources.

The Seventh Five-Year Plan (FY 1985-89) budgeted Rs 33.9 billion for health, an amount roughly double the outlay of the sixth plan. Health spending as a portion of total plan outlays, however, had declined over the years since the first plan in 1951, from a high of 3.3% of the total plan spending in FY 1951-55 to 1.9% of the total for the seventh plan. Mid-way through the Eighth Five-Year Plan (FY 1992-96), however, health and family welfare was budgeted at Rs 20 billion, or 4.3% of the total plan spending for FY 1994, with an additional Rs 3.6 billion in the nonplan budget.

[edit] Primary services

Health care facilities and personnel increased substantially between the early 1950s and early 1980s, but because of fast population growth, the number of licensed medical practitioners per 10,000 individuals had fallen by the late 1980s to three per 10,000 from the 1981 level of four per 10,000. In 1991 there were approximately ten hospital beds per 10,000 individuals. However for comparison, the in China for comparison there are 1.4 doctors per 1000 people.

Primary health centers are the cornerstone of the rural health care system. By 1991, India had about 22,400 primary health centers, 11,200 hospitals, and 27,400 clinics. These facilities are part of a tiered health care system that funnels more difficult cases into urban hospitals while attempting to provide routine medical care to the vast majority in the countryside. Primary health centers and subcenters rely on trained paramedics to meet most of their needs. The main problems affecting the success of primary health centers are the predominance of clinical and curative concerns over the intended emphasis on preventive work and the reluctance of staff to work in rural areas. In addition, the integration of health services with family planning programs often causes the local population to perceive the primary health centers as hostile to their traditional preference for large families. Therefore, primary health centers often play an adversarial role in local efforts to implement national health policies.

According to data provided in 1989 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the total number of civilian hospitals for all states and union territories combined was 10,157. In 1991 there was a total of 811,000 hospital and health care facilities beds. The geographical distribution of hospitals varied according to local socio-economic conditions. In India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, with a 1991 population of more than 139 million, there were 735 hospitals as of 1990. In Kerala, with a 1991 population of 29 million occupying an area only one-seventh the size of Uttar Pradesh, there were 2,053 hospitals.

Although central government has set a goal of health care for all by 2000, hospitals are distributed unevenly. Private studies of India's total number of hospitals in the early 1990s were more conservative than official Indian data, estimating that in 1992 there were 7,300 hospitals. Of this total, nearly 4,000 were owned and managed by central, state, or local governments. Another 2,000, owned and managed by charitable trusts, received partial support from the government, and the remaining 1,300 hospitals, many of which were relatively small facilities, were owned and managed by the private sector. The use of state-of-the-art medical equipment was primarily limited to urban centers in the early 1990s. A network of regional cancer diagnostic and treatment facilities was being established in the early 1990s in major hospitals that were part of government medical colleges. By 1992 twenty-two such centers were in operation. Most of the 1,300 private hospitals lacked sophisticated medical facilities, although in 1992 approximately 12% possessed state-of-the-art equipment for diagnosis and treatment of all major diseases, including cancer. The fast pace of development of the private medical sector and the burgeoning middle class in the 1990s have led to the emergence of the new concept in India of establishing hospitals and health care facilities on a for-profit basis.

By the late 1980s, there were approximately 128 medical colleges - roughly three times more than in 1950. These medical colleges in 1987 accepted a combined annual class of 14,166 students. Data for 1987 show that there were 320,000 registered medical practitioners and 219,300 registered nurses. Various studies have shown that in both urban and rural areas people preferred to pay and seek the more sophisticated services provided by private physicians rather than use free treatment at public health centers.

Indigenous or traditional medical practitioners continue to practice throughout the country. The two main forms of traditional medicine practised are the ayurvedic system, which deals with mental and spiritual as well as physical well-being, and the unani (or Galenic) herbal medical practice. A vaidya is a practitioner of the ayurvedic tradition, and a hakim is a practitioner of the unani or Greek tradition. These professions are frequently hereditary. A variety of institutions offer training in indigenous medical practice. Only in the late 1970s did official health policy refer to any form of integration between European-trained medical personnel and indigenous medical practitioners. In the early 1990s, there were ninety-eight ayurvedic colleges and seventeen unani colleges operating in both the governmental and non-governmental sectors.

[edit] Health Insurance

The majority of the Indian population is unable to access high quality healthcare provided by private players as a result of high costs. Many are now looking towards insurance companies for providing alternative financing options so that they too may seek better quality healthcare. The opportunity remains huge for insurance providers entering into the Indian healthcare market since75% of expenditure on healthcare in India is still being met by 'out-of-pocket' consumers ^[11].Even though only 10% of the Indian population today has health insurance coverage, this industry is expected to face tremendous growth over the next few years as a result of several private players that have entered into the market. Health insurance coverage among urban, middle- and upper-class Indians, however, is significantly higher and stands at approximately 50% ^[12].

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) is the governing body responsible for promoting insurance business and introducing insurance regulations in India ^[13]. The share of public sector companies in health insurance premiums was 76% and that of private sector companies was 24% for the period 2005-06. Health insurance premiums collected over 2005-06 registered a growth of 35% over the previous year ^[11]. In 2001 the IRDA introduced provisions for Third Party Administrators (TPAs) to support the administration and management of health insurance products offered by insurance companies. TPAs are facilitators in the coordination process between the health insurance provider and the hospital. Currently there are 27 TPAs registered under the IRDA ^[14].

Health insurance has a way of increasing accessibility to quality healthcare delivery especially for private healthcare providers for whom high cost remains a barrier. In order to encourage foreign health insurers to enter the Indian market the government has recently proposed to raise the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit in insurance from 26% to 49% ^[15]. Increasing health insurance penetration and ensuring affordable premium rates are necessary to drive the health insurance market in India.

[edit] Co-operative Movement in Healthcare

Foundation and Progress of Co-operative Effort

Health care today is at crossroads. It is proving beyond the reach of common man especially low and middle income group. It is estimated that around 10% to 12% of family income needs to be spent on taking care of emergency health care needs and age old problems. The emergency and specialty care is well beyond the reach of an average citizen. The awareness to create financial capability is shockingly lacking.

Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital, Shivaji Park, Mumbai is a unique experiment who offers total health care, including super-specialty care at affordable cost based on the principle of health care as a right without exploitation with self participation and health care which is governed by four A's

.......... Accessible, Available on Demand, Affordable and Accountable.

A path breaking venture in this regard was started to put up and run a hospital on co-operative basis managed by members who joined to form a Society, establish the hospital and run it for the people. Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital was thus set up about 40 years ago in Mumbai by late Dr. V. S. Ranadive. There are doctors' co-operatives elsewhere. However Shushrusha is not a doctor's co-operative. It is a hospital built through the organised efforts of citizens and equipped by them through their own funds, managed professionally on competent basis. This is the essence of co-operative movement in its true sense in providing medical care.

[edit] Issues

[edit] Disease

India suffers from high levels of disease including Malaria^[16], and Tuberculosis where one third of the world's tuberculosis cases are in India ^[17]. In addition, India along with Nigera, Pakistan and Afghanistan is one of the four countries worldwide where polio has not as yet been eradicated.

Ongoing government of India education about HIV has led to decreases in the spread of HIV in recent years. The number of people living with AIDS in India is estimated to be between 2 and 3 million. However in terms of the total population this is a small number. The country has had a sharp decrease in the estimated number of HIV infections; 2005 reports had claimed that there were 5.2 million to 5.7 million people afflicted with the virus. The new figures are supported by the World Health Organization and UNAIDS.^[18]^[19]^[20]

[edit] Pollution

According to the World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water and breathing in polluted air ^[21]. As India grapples with these basic issues, new challenges are emerging for example there is a rise in chronic adult diseases such as cardiovascular illnesses and diabetes as a consequence of changing lifestyles ^[22].

[edit] Malnutrition

Half of children in India are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly same as Sub-Saharan Africa.^[23] India contributes to about 5.6 million child deaths every year, more than half the world's total.^[24]

[edit] Water and sanitation

Main article: Water supply and sanitation in India

Water supply and sanitation in India is a matter of concern. As of 2003, it was estimated that only 30% of India's wastewater was being treated, with the remainder flowing into rivers or groundwater.^[25] The lack of toilet facilities in many areas also presents a major health risk; open defecation is widespread even in urban areas of India,^[26]^[27] and it was estimated in 2002 by the World Health Organisation that around 700,000 Indians die each year from diarrhoea.^[25] No city in India has full-day water supply. Most cities supply water only a few hours a day.^[28] In towns and rural areas the situation is even worse.

[edit] Medical Tourism

Main article: Medical tourism in India

India is quickly becoming a hub for medical tourists seeking quality healthcare at an affordable cost. Nearly 4,50,000 foreigners sought medical treatment in India last year with Singapore not too far behind and Thailand in the lead with over a million medical tourists ^[29]. As the Indian healthcare delivery system strives to match international standards the Indian healthcare industry will be able to tap into a substantial portion of the medical tourism market. Already 13 Indian hospitals have been accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI). Accreditation and compliance with quality expectations are important since they provide tourists with confidence that the services are meeting international standards. Reduced costs, access to the latest medical technology, growing compliance to international quality standards and ease of communication all work towards India's advantage.

It is not uncommon to see citizens of other nations seek high quality medical care in the US over the past several decades; however in recent times the pattern seems to be reversing. As healthcare costs in the US are rising, price sensitivity is soaring and people are looking at medical value travel as a viable alternative option. In the past the growth potential of the medical travel industry in India has been hindered by capacity and infrastructure constraints but that situation is now changing with strong economic progress in India as well as in other developing nations ^[30]. With more and more hospitals receiving JCI accreditations outside the US, concerns on safety and quality of care are becoming less of an issue for those choosing to travel for medical treatment at an affordable cost. The combined cost of travel and treatment in India is still a fraction of the amount spent on just medical treatment alone in western countries.

In order to attract foreign patients many Indian hospitals are promoting their international quality of healthcare delivery by turning to international accreditation agencies to standardize their protocols and obtain the required approvals on safety and quality of care ^[31].

[edit] Rate of growth

India has approximately 600,000 allopathic doctors registered to practice medicine. This number however, is higher than the actual number practicing because it includes doctors who have emigrated to other countries as well as doctors who have died. India licenses 18,000 new doctors a year.^[32].

[edit] See also

[edit] References

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.

[edit] External links

Washington Post correspondent Amar Bakshi explores why clinical research in India outpaces the U.S.
Healthcare in India Presentation
Ayurvedic Colleges in India
HRC/Eldis Health Resource Guide - new research and other resources on health in developing countries
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About 159 Dead In Air India Plane Crash

Voice of America - Anjana Pasricha - ‎2 hours ago‎

Photo: AP An Air India passenger plane has crashed while trying to land in southern India, killing about 159 people on board. It is the worst air accident in India in over a decade. The plane crashed as it overshot the runway after landing in the ...

India jet crash leaves more than 150 dead in Mangalore

The Guardian - ‎10 minutes ago‎

More than 150 people died in an air disaster in southern India on Saturday. There were seven survivors from the Boeing 737 which overshot a "tabletop" runway in pre-monsoon rains and plunged into the jungle, breaking in two and bursting into flames. ...

Indian air crash: survivors tell of miracle escapes

Telegraph.co.uk - Dean Nelson, Jalees Andrabi - ‎1 hour ago‎

Survivors of a plane crash in Mangalore, India which claimed 158 lives have spoken of their extraordinary escape from the broken and burning fuselage. The Air India Express flight careered out of control and skidded off the runway moments after it ...

Indian plane crash kills 158; 8 survive

Washington Post - ‎3 minutes ago‎

The Boeing 727 from Dubai was carrying 160 passengers and six crew members when it overshot a table-top runway and tumbled off a cliff into a valley. The crash took place outside the city of Mangalore in southern India. Firefighters rush a child from ...

What really went wrong in Mangalore crash

IBNLive.com - ‎1 hour ago‎

Mangalore: So what really went wrong that the Air India Express aircraft crashed at the Mangalore airport, killing 158 people on Saturday morning. According to survivors, eyewitnesses and ATC sources, the problems started after the aircraft started ...

Rescue operations in Mangalore crash stopped: DGCA

Oneindia - ‎58 minutes ago‎

Mangalore /New Delhi, May 22 (ANI): The Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) on Saturday evening said rescue operations have been halted and the bodies of all the 158 people killed the Air India Express Flight crash have been recovered. ...

Praful Patel says 'morally responsible' for air crash

Economic Times - ‎1 hour ago‎

NEW DELHI: Aviation Minister Praful Patel said he felt "morally responsible" for Saturday's Air India crash that claimed 158 lives, but declined to confirm reports that he had offered to resign. "As head of the civil aviation family I feel very ...

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Air India plane crash

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	What really went wrong in Mangalore crash ‎1 hour ago‎ - IBNLive.com
	Aircraft overshot touchdown zone: AAI ‎10 hours ago‎ - Press Trust of India
	160 dead in Mangalore plane crash ‎11 hours ago‎ - Moneycontrol.com
	160 feared dead as Air India aircraft overshoots runway ‎13 hours ago‎ - Press Trust of India
	Air India plane crashes in Mangalore; 158 dead, 8 survivors ‎13 hours ago‎ - NDTV.com
	Air India Express aircraft overshoots runaway, causalities feared ‎15 hours ago‎ - Hindustan Times